UniTask

// 使用UniTask所需的命名空间
using Cysharp.Threading.Tasks;

// 你可以返回一个形如 UniTask<T>(或 UniTask) 的类型，这种类型事为Unity定制的，作为替代原生Task<T>的轻量级方案
// 为Unity集成的 0GC，快速调用，0消耗的 async/await 方案
async UniTask<string> DemoAsync()
{
    // 你可以等待一个Unity异步对象
    var asset = await Resources.LoadAsync<TextAsset>("foo");
    var txt = (await UnityWebRequest.Get("https://...").SendWebRequest()).downloadHandler.text;
    await SceneManager.LoadSceneAsync("scene2");

    // .WithCancellation 会启用取消功能，GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy 表示获取一个依赖对象生命周期的Cancel句柄，当对象被销毁时，将会调用这个Cancel句柄，从而实现取消的功能
    var asset2 = await Resources.LoadAsync<TextAsset>("bar").WithCancellation(this.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy());

    // .ToUniTask 可接收一个 progress 回调以及一些配置参数，Progress.Create是IProgress<T>的轻量级替代方案
    var asset3 = await Resources.LoadAsync<TextAsset>("baz").ToUniTask(Progress.Create<float>(x => Debug.Log(x)));

    // 等待一个基于帧的延时操作（就像一个协程一样）
    await UniTask.DelayFrame(100); 

    // yield return new WaitForSeconds/WaitForSecondsRealtime 的替代方案
    await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10), ignoreTimeScale: false);
    
    // 可以等待任何 playerloop 的生命周期(PreUpdate, Update, LateUpdate, 等...)
    await UniTask.Yield(PlayerLoopTiming.PreLateUpdate);

    // yield return null 替代方案
    await UniTask.Yield();
    await UniTask.NextFrame();

    // WaitForEndOfFrame 替代方案 (需要 MonoBehaviour(CoroutineRunner))
    await UniTask.WaitForEndOfFrame(this); // this 是一个 MonoBehaviour

    // yield return new WaitForFixedUpdate 替代方案，(和 UniTask.Yield(PlayerLoopTiming.FixedUpdate) 效果一样)
    await UniTask.WaitForFixedUpdate();
    
    // yield return WaitUntil 替代方案
    await UniTask.WaitUntil(() => isActive == false);

    // WaitUntil拓展，指定某个值改变时触发
    await UniTask.WaitUntilValueChanged(this, x => x.isActive);

    // 你可以直接 await 一个 IEnumerator 协程
    await FooCoroutineEnumerator();

    // 你可以直接 await 一个原生 task
    await Task.Run(() => 100);

    // 多线程示例，在此行代码后的内容都运行在一个线程池上
    await UniTask.SwitchToThreadPool();

    /* 工作在线程池上的代码 */

    // 转回主线程
    await UniTask.SwitchToMainThread();

    // 获取异步的 webrequest
    async UniTask<string> GetTextAsync(UnityWebRequest req)
    {
        var op = await req.SendWebRequest();
        return op.downloadHandler.text;
    }

    var task1 = GetTextAsync(UnityWebRequest.Get("http://google.com"));
    var task2 = GetTextAsync(UnityWebRequest.Get("http://bing.com"));
    var task3 = GetTextAsync(UnityWebRequest.Get("http://yahoo.com"));

    // 构造一个async-wait，并通过元组语义轻松获取所有结果
    var (google, bing, yahoo) = await UniTask.WhenAll(task1, task2, task3);

    // WhenAll简写形式
    var (google2, bing2, yahoo2) = await (task1, task2, task3);

    // 返回一个异步值，或者你也可以使用`UniTask`(无结果), `UniTaskVoid`(协程，不可等待)
    return (asset as TextAsset)?.text ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Asset not found");
}

* await asyncOperation;
* .WithCancellation(CancellationToken);
* .ToUniTask(IProgress, PlayerLoopTiming, CancellationToken);

public async UniTaskVoid LoadManyAsync()
{
    // 并行加载.
    var (a, b, c) = await UniTask.WhenAll(
        LoadAsSprite("foo"),
        LoadAsSprite("bar"),
        LoadAsSprite("baz"));
}

async UniTask<Sprite> LoadAsSprite(string path)
{
    var resource = await Resources.LoadAsync<Sprite>(path);
    return (resource as Sprite);
}

public UniTask<int> WrapByUniTaskCompletionSource()
{
    var utcs = new UniTaskCompletionSource<int>();

    // 当操作完成时，调用 utcs.TrySetResult();
    // 当操作失败时, 调用 utcs.TrySetException();
    // 当操作取消时, 调用 utcs.TrySetCanceled();

    return utcs.Task; //本质上就是返回了一个UniTask<int>
}

var task = UniTask.DelayFrame(10);
await task;
await task; // 寄了, 抛出异常

var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

cancelButton.onClick.AddListener(() =>
{
    cts.Cancel();
});

await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://google.co.jp").SendWebRequest().WithCancellation(cts.Token);

await UniTask.DelayFrame(1000, cancellationToken: cts.Token);

// 这个CancellationTokenSource和this GameObject生命周期相同，当this GameObject Destroy的时候，就会执行Cancel
await UniTask.DelayFrame(1000, cancellationToken: this.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy());

await FooAsync(this.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy());

// ---

async UniTask FooAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    await BarAsync(cancellationToken);
}

async UniTask BarAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3), cancellationToken);
}

public class MyBehaviour : MonoBehaviour
{
    CancellationTokenSource disableCancellation = new CancellationTokenSource();
    CancellationTokenSource destroyCancellation = new CancellationTokenSource();

    private void OnEnable()
    {
        if (disableCancellation != null)
        {
            disableCancellation.Dispose();
        }
        disableCancellation = new CancellationTokenSource();
    }

    private void OnDisable()
    {
        disableCancellation.Cancel();
    }

    private void OnDestroy()
    {
        destroyCancellation.Cancel();
        destroyCancellation.Dispose();
    }
}

public async UniTask<int> FooAsync()
{
    await UniTask.Yield();
    throw new OperationCanceledException();
}

public async UniTask<int> BarAsync()
{
    try
    {
        var x = await FooAsync();
        return x * 2;
    }
    catch (Exception ex) when (!(ex is OperationCanceledException)) // when (ex is not OperationCanceledException) at C# 9.0
    {
        return -1;
    }
}

var (isCanceled, _) = await UniTask.DelayFrame(10, cancellationToken: cts.Token).SuppressCancellationThrow();
if (isCanceled)
{
    // ...
}

var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
cts.CancelAfterSlim(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)); // 5sec timeout.

try
{
    await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://foo").SendWebRequest().WithCancellation(cts.Token);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
{
    if (ex.CancellationToken == cts.Token)
    {
        UnityEngine.Debug.Log("Timeout");
    }
}

var cancelToken = new CancellationTokenSource();
cancelButton.onClick.AddListener(()=>
{
    cancelToken.Cancel(); // 点击按钮后取消
});

var timeoutToken = new CancellationTokenSource();
timeoutToken.CancelAfterSlim(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)); // 设置5s超时

try
{
    // 链接token
    var linkedTokenSource = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancelToken.Token, timeoutToken.Token);

    await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://foo").SendWebRequest().WithCancellation(linkedTokenSource.Token);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
{
    if (timeoutToken.IsCancellationRequested)
    {
        UnityEngine.Debug.Log("Timeout.");
    }
    else if (cancelToken.IsCancellationRequested)
    {
        UnityEngine.Debug.Log("Cancel clicked.");
    }
}

TimeoutController timeoutController = new TimeoutController(); // 复用timeoutController

async UniTask FooAsync()
{
    try
    {
        // 你可以通过 timeoutController.Timeout(TimeSpan) 传递到 cancellationToken.
        await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://foo").SendWebRequest()
            .WithCancellation(timeoutController.Timeout(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)));
        timeoutController.Reset(); // 当await完成后调用Reset（停止超时计时器，并准备下一次复用）
    }
    catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
    {
        if (timeoutController.IsTimeout())
        {
            UnityEngine.Debug.Log("timeout");
        }
    }
}

TimeoutController timeoutController;
CancellationTokenSource clickCancelSource;

void Start()
{
    this.clickCancelSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
    this.timeoutController = new TimeoutController(clickCancelSource);
}

var progress = Progress.Create<float>(x => Debug.Log(x));

var request = await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://google.co.jp")
    .SendWebRequest()
    .ToUniTask(progress: progress);

public class Foo : MonoBehaviour, IProgress<float>
{
    public void Report(float value)
    {
        UnityEngine.Debug.Log(value);
    }

    public async UniTaskVoid WebRequest()
    {
        var request = await UnityWebRequest.Get("http://google.co.jp")
            .SendWebRequest()
            .ToUniTask(progress: this);
    }
}

public enum PlayerLoopTiming
{
    Initialization = 0,
    LastInitialization = 1,

    EarlyUpdate = 2,
    LastEarlyUpdate = 3,

    FixedUpdate = 4,
    LastFixedUpdate = 5,

    PreUpdate = 6,
    LastPreUpdate = 7,

    Update = 8,
    LastUpdate = 9,

    PreLateUpdate = 10,
    LastPreLateUpdate = 11,

    PostLateUpdate = 12,
    LastPostLateUpdate = 13
    
#if UNITY_2020_2_OR_NEWER
    TimeUpdate = 14,
    LastTimeUpdate = 15,
#endif
}

// AfterAssembliesLoaded 表示将会在 BeforeSceneLoad之前调用
[RuntimeInitializeOnLoadMethod(RuntimeInitializeLoadType.AfterAssembliesLoaded)]
public static void InitUniTaskLoop()
{
    var loop = PlayerLoop.GetCurrentPlayerLoop();
    Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopHelper.Initialize(ref loop);
}

// 获取ECS Loop.
var playerLoop = ScriptBehaviourUpdateOrder.CurrentPlayerLoop;

// 设置UniTask PlayerLoop
PlayerLoopHelper.Initialize(ref playerLoop);

void Start()
{
    UnityEngine.Debug.Log("UniTaskPlayerLoop ready? " + PlayerLoopHelper.IsInjectedUniTaskPlayerLoop());
    PlayerLoopHelper.DumpCurrentPlayerLoop();
}

var loop = PlayerLoop.GetCurrentPlayerLoop();
PlayerLoopHelper.Initialize(ref loop, InjectPlayerLoopTimings.Minimum); // 最小化 is Update | FixedUpdate | LastPostLateUpdate

F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.Initialization; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastInitialization; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.EarlyUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastEarlyUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.d
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastFixedUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.PreUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastPreUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.PreLateUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastPreLateUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.PostLateUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.TimeUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.
F:Cysharp.Threading.Tasks.PlayerLoopTiming.LastTimeUpdate; Isn't injected this PlayerLoop in this project.

public async UniTaskVoid FireAndForgetMethod()
{
    // do anything...
    await UniTask.Yield();
}

public void Caller()
{
    FireAndForgetMethod().Forget();
}

public async UniTask DoAsync()
{
    // do anything...
    await UniTask.Yield();
}

public void Caller()
{
    DoAsync().Forget();
}

Action actEvent;
UnityAction unityEvent; // UGUI特供

// 这样是不好的: async void
actEvent += async () => { };
unityEvent += async () => { };

// 这样是可以的: 通过lamada创建Action
actEvent += UniTask.Action(async () => { await UniTask.Yield(); });
unityEvent += UniTask.UnityAction(async () => { await UniTask.Yield(); });

class Sample : MonoBehaviour
{
    async UniTaskVoid Start()
    {
        // async init code.
    }
}

// 动画序列
await transform.DOMoveX(2, 10);
await transform.DOMoveZ(5, 20);

// 并行，并传递cancellation用于取消
var ct = this.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy();

await UniTask.WhenAll(
    transform.DOMoveX(10, 3).WithCancellation(ct),
    transform.DOScale(10, 3).WithCancellation(ct));

// Unity 2020.2, C# 8.0
await foreach (var _ in UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.EveryUpdate().WithCancellation(token))
{
    Debug.Log("Update() " + Time.frameCount);
}

// C# 7.3(Unity 2018.3~)
await UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.EveryUpdate().ForEachAsync(_ =>
{
    Debug.Log("Update() " + Time.frameCount);
}, token);

await okButton.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Where((x, i) => i % 2 == 0).ForEachAsync(_ =>
{
});

okButton.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Where((x, i) => i % 2 == 0).Subscribe(_ =>
{
});

Select(Func<T, TR> selector)
SelectAwait(Func<T, UniTask<TR>> selector)
SelectAwaitWithCancellation(Func<T, CancellationToken, UniTask<TR>> selector)

// IAsyncEnumerable, C# 8.0 异步迭代器. ( 不要这样用，因为IAsyncEnumerable不被UniTask控制).
public async IAsyncEnumerable<int> MyEveryUpdate([EnumeratorCancellation]CancellationToken cancelationToken = default)
{
    var frameCount = 0;
    await UniTask.Yield();
    while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
    {
        yield return frameCount++;
        await UniTask.Yield();
    }
}

// UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.Create 并用 `await writer.YieldAsync` 代替 `yield return`.
public IUniTaskAsyncEnumerable<int> MyEveryUpdate()
{
    // writer(IAsyncWriter<T>) has `YieldAsync(value)` method.
    return UniTaskAsyncEnumerable.Create<int>(async (writer, token) =>
    {
        var frameCount = 0;
        await UniTask.Yield();
        while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            await writer.YieldAsync(frameCount++); // instead of `yield return`
            await UniTask.Yield();
        }
    });
}

async UniTask TripleClick()
{
    // 默认情况下，使用了button.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy 来管理异步生命周期
    await button.OnClickAsync();
    await button.OnClickAsync();
    await button.OnClickAsync();
    Debug.Log("Three times clicked");
}

// 更高效的方法
async UniTask TripleClick()
{
    using (var handler = button.GetAsyncClickEventHandler())
    {
        await handler.OnClickAsync();
        await handler.OnClickAsync();
        await handler.OnClickAsync();
        Debug.Log("Three times clicked");
    }
}

// 使用异步LINQ
async UniTask TripleClick(CancellationToken token)
{
    await button.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Take(3).Last();
    Debug.Log("Three times clicked");
}

// 使用异步LINQ
async UniTask TripleClick(CancellationToken token)
{
    await button.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Take(3).ForEachAsync(_ =>
    {
        Debug.Log("Every clicked");
    });
    Debug.Log("Three times clicked, complete.");
}

var trigger = this.GetOnCollisionEnterAsyncHandler();
await trigger.OnCollisionEnterAsync();
await trigger.OnCollisionEnterAsync();
await trigger.OnCollisionEnterAsync();

// every moves.
await this.GetAsyncMoveTrigger().ForEachAsync(axisEventData =>
{
});

var rp = new AsyncReactiveProperty<int>(99);

// AsyncReactiveProperty 本身是 IUniTaskAsyncEnumerable, 可以通过LINQ进行查询
rp.ForEachAsync(x =>
{
    Debug.Log(x);
}, this.GetCancellationTokenOnDestroy()).Forget();

rp.Value = 10; // 推送10给所有订阅者
rp.Value = 11; // 推送11给所有订阅者

// WithoutCurrent 忽略初始值
// BindTo 绑定 stream value 到 unity 组件.
rp.WithoutCurrent().BindTo(this.textComponent);

await rp.WaitAsync(); // 一直等待，直到下一个值被设置

// 同样支持ToReadOnlyAsyncReactiveProperty
var rp2 = new AsyncReactiveProperty<int>(99);
var rorp = rp.CombineLatest(rp2, (x, y) => (x, y)).ToReadOnlyAsyncReactiveProperty(CancellationToken.None);

// 在3s完成前，无法获取event
await button.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().ForEachAwaitAsync(async x =>
{
    await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
});

// 异步处理中对message进行排队
await button.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Queue().ForEachAwaitAsync(async x =>
{
    await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
});

button.OnClickAsAsyncEnumerable().Subscribe(async x =>
{
    await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
});

public class AsyncMessageBroker<T> : IDisposable
{
    Channel<T> channel;

    IConnectableUniTaskAsyncEnumerable<T> multicastSource;
    IDisposable connection;

    public AsyncMessageBroker()
    {
        channel = Channel.CreateSingleConsumerUnbounded<T>();
        multicastSource = channel.Reader.ReadAllAsync().Publish();
        connection = multicastSource.Connect(); // Publish returns IConnectableUniTaskAsyncEnumerable.
    }

    public void Publish(T value)
    {
        channel.Writer.TryWrite(value);
    }

    public IUniTaskAsyncEnumerable<T> Subscribe()
    {
        return multicastSource;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        channel.Writer.TryComplete();
        connection.Dispose();
    }
}

[UnityTest]
public IEnumerator DelayIgnore() => UniTask.ToCoroutine(async () =>
{
    var time = Time.realtimeSinceStartup;

    Time.timeScale = 0.5f;
    try
    {
        await UniTask.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3), ignoreTimeScale: true);

        var elapsed = Time.realtimeSinceStartup - time;
        Assert.AreEqual(3, (int)Math.Round(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(elapsed).TotalSeconds, MidpointRounding.ToEven));
    }
    finally
    {
        Time.timeScale = 1.0f;
    }
});

foreach (var (type, size) in TaskPool.GetCacheSizeInfo())
{
    Debug.Log(type + ":" + size);
}

public class SyncContextInjecter
{
    [RuntimeInitializeOnLoadMethod(RuntimeInitializeLoadType.SubsystemRegistration)]
    public static void Inject()
    {
        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(new UniTaskSynchronizationContext());
    }
}

openupm add com.cysharp.unitask

public class ZeroAllocAsyncAwaitInDotNetCore
{
    public ValueTask<int> DoAsync(int x, int y)
    {
        return Core(this, x, y);

        static async UniTask<int> Core(ZeroAllocAsyncAwaitInDotNetCore self, int x, int y)
        {
            // do anything...
            await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(x + y));
            await UniTask.Yield();

            return 10;
        }
    }
}

// UniTask 不会返回到原生 SynchronizationContext，但可以使用 `ReturnToCurrentSynchronizationContext`来让他返回
public ValueTask TestAsync()
{
    await using (UniTask.ReturnToCurrentSynchronizationContext())
    {
        await UniTask.SwitchToThreadPool();
        // do anything..
    }
}