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README
Apache-2.0

在学习netty之前我们需要了解netty是个什么东西?

  1. Netty 是由 JBOSS 提供的一个 Java 开源框架,现为 Github上的独立项目。
  2. Netty 是一个异步的、基于事件驱动的网络应用框架,用以快速开发高性能、高可 靠性的网络 IO 程序。
  3. Netty主要针对在TCP协议下,面向Clients端的高并发应用,或者Peer-to-Peer场景下 的大量数据持续传输的应用。
  4. Netty本质是一个NIO框架,适用于服务器通讯相关的多种应用场景

介绍完netty,那么哪些地方用到了它呢?

互联网行业

  1. 互联网行业:在分布式系统中,各个 节点之间需要远程服务调用,高性能 的 RPC 框架必不可少,Netty 作为异步 高性能的通信框架,往往作为基础通 信组件被这些 RPC 框架使用。
  2. 典型的应用有:阿里分布式服务框架 Dubbo 的 RPC 框架使用 Dubbo 协议进 行节点间通信,Dubbo 协议默认使用 Netty 作为基础通信组件,用于实现各 进程节点之间的内部通信

游戏行业

  1. 无论是手游服务端还是大型的网络游戏, Java 语言得到了越来越广泛的应用
  2. Netty 作为高性能的基础通信组件,提 供了 TCP/UDP 和 HTTP 协议栈,方便定 制和开发私有协议栈,账号登录服务器
  3. 地图服务器之间可以方便的通过 Netty 进行高性能的通信

大数据领域

  1. 经典的 Hadoop 的高性能通信和 序列化组件 Avro 的 RPC 框架, 默认采用 Netty 进行跨界点通信
  2. 它的 Netty Service 基于 Netty 框 架二次封装实现。

在进入nio的学习之前我们还有一个IO模型需要我们去了解

Java共支持3种网络编程模型/IO模式:BIO、NIO、AIO

  1. Java BIO : 同步并阻塞(传统阻塞型),服务器实现模式为一个连接一个线程,即客户端 有连接请求时服务器端就需要启动一个线程进行处理,如果这个连接不做任何事情会造成 不必要的线程开销
  2. Java NIO : 同步非阻塞,服务器实现模式为一个线程处理多个请求(连接),即客户端发 送的连接请求都会注册到多路复用器上,多路复用器轮询到连接有I/O请求就进行处理
  3. Java AIO(NIO.2) : 异步非阻塞,AIO 引入异步通道的概念,采用了 Proactor 模式,简 化了程序编写,有效的请求才启动线程,它的特点是先由操作系统完成后才通知服务端程

好了,有了上面的知识我们大概可以快速开始一个netty项目了

最开始我们是要创建一个maven项目,然后添加netty的依赖 在这里插入图片描述

 	   <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.20.Final</version>
        </dependency>

大家可以参考我的netty快速开始的仓库,大家拉下来可以直接跑起来:

https://gitee.com/WangFuGui-Ma/netty-quickstart

首先我们创建一个NettyService 在这里插入图片描述

package com.wangfugui.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

public class NettyServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup work = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();

            serverBootstrap.group(boss, work)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                            socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
                        }
                    });

            System.out.println("服务器准备好了");

            ChannelFuture sync = serverBootstrap.bind(6668).sync();

            sync.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            boss.shutdownGracefully();
            work.shutdownGracefully();
        }

    }
}

在这之后我们创建service的处理器NettyServerHandler 在这里插入图片描述


import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("ctx = " + ctx);
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        System.out.println("客户端发送的消息是 : "+ buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        System.out.println("客户端地址:" + ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello,客户端~~",CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }
}

这个时候我们的service就创建好了,之后我们创建客户端 在这里插入图片描述

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

public class NettyClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        NioEventLoopGroup eventExecutors = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();

            bootstrap.group(eventExecutors)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                            socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new NettyClientHandler());
                        }
                    });

            System.out.println("客户端 OK 。。。");

            ChannelFuture sync = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 6668).sync();

            sync.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            eventExecutors.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

同理,我们也需要创建一个客户端的处理器 在这里插入图片描述

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

public class NettyClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("ctx = " + ctx);
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("你好,服务端 ~~", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        System.out.println("服务器回复的消息是 : "+ buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        System.out.println("服务器地址:" + ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }
}

之后我们依次启动服务端和客户端 在这里插入图片描述 在这里插入图片描述 这样我们的客户端和服务端就实现通信了。我们的netty框架快速开始就已经完成了。

到这里肯定我们的同学还是一脸蒙,现在我给大家讲一下源码分析(这里引用了韩顺平老师的代码注释):

在这里插入图片描述 在这里插入图片描述 在这里插入图片描述 这样,我们的netty快速入门就完成啦!

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简介

netty的quickstart,适合有nio基础的同学快速启动netty 展开 收起
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