diff --git "a/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/2023-02-22 \344\275\234\344\270\232.md" "b/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/2023-02-22 \344\275\234\344\270\232.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42fccf3b587f68043538117fcedfa501d0856d9c --- /dev/null +++ "b/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/2023-02-22 \344\275\234\344\270\232.md" @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +# 笔记 + +## select + +### distinct:去重 只能第一个字段生效,所以通常只在查询一个字段的时候使用 + +### #查询薪资不在[10000,15000]之间的员工 +```sql +select * from t_employee where salary <10000 or salary > 15000; +select * from t_employee where salary not between 10000 and 15000; +select * from t_employee where !(salary between 10000 and 15000); +``` + +## 运算符 + +逻辑与:&& 或 and 并且 +逻辑或:|| 或 or 或者 +逻辑非:! 或 not 不是 (取反) +逻辑异或: xor 两者只能满足其中一个,不能同时满足,不能同时不满足 + +判断时xx is null +xx is not null +xx <=> null 相当于 xx is null + +# 作业 + + + +## 第1题:员工表 + +```mysql +drop table if exists `employee`; +#创建employee表 +CREATE TABLE employee( + id INT, + `name` VARCHAR(20), + sex VARCHAR(20), + tel VARCHAR(20), + addr VARCHAR(50), + salary FLOAT +); + +#添加信息 +INSERT INTO employee(id,`name`,sex,tel,addr,salary)VALUES +(10001,'张一一','男','13456789000','广东韶关',10010.58), +(10002,'刘小红','女','13454319000','广东江门',12010.21), +(10003,'李四','男','0751-1234567','广东佛山',10040.11), +(10004,'刘小强','男','0755-5555555','广东深圳',15010.23), +(10005,'王艳','女',NULL,'广东广州',14050.16); +``` + + + +| **id** | **name** | **sex** | **tel** | **addr** | **salary** | +| ------ | -------- | ------- | ------------ | -------- | ---------- | +| 10001 | 张一一 | 男 | 13456789000 | 广东韶关 | 10010.58 | +| 10002 | 刘小红 | 女 | 13454319000 | 广东江门 | 12010.21 | +| 10003 | 李四 | 男 | 0751-1234567 | 广东佛山 | 10040.11 | +| 10004 | 刘小强 | 男 | 0755-5555555 | 广东深圳 | 15010.23 | +| 10005 | 王艳 | 女 | NULL | 广东广州 | 14050.16 | + +**要求1:**查询出薪资在12000~13000之间的员工信息。 + +```sql +select * from employee where salary between 12000 and 13000; +``` + +**要求2:**查询出姓“刘”的员工的工号,姓名,家庭住址。 + +```sql +select id, name, addr from employee where name like '刘%'; +``` + +**要求3:**将“李四”的家庭住址改为“广东韶关” + +```sql +update employee set addr ='广东韶关' where name ='李四'; +``` + +**要求4:**查询出名字中带“小”的员工 + +```sql +select * from employee where name like '%小%'; +``` + +**要求5:**查询出薪资高于11000的男员工信息 + +```sql +select * from employee where salary>11000 and sex='男'; +``` + +**要求6:**查询没有登记电话号码的员工 + +```sql +select * from employee where tel is null; +``` + +**要求7:**查询薪资高于12000或者家是广东深圳、广州的男员工 + +```sql +select * from employee where salary>12000 or addr in('广东深圳','广东广州') or sex='男'; +``` + +·**要求8:**查询每个员工的年薪,显示“姓名、年薪” + +```sql +select name 姓名 ,salary 年薪 from employee; +``` + +## 第2题:国家信息表 + +countries_info表中存储了国家名称、所属大陆、面积、人口和 GDP 值。 + +```mysql +DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `countries_info`; +CREATE TABLE `countries_info`( + `name` VARCHAR(100), + `continent` VARCHAR(100), + `area` INT, + population INT, + gdp BIGINT +); + +INSERT INTO countries_info VALUES +('Afghanistan','Asia',652230,25500100,20343000000), +('Albania','Europe',28748,2831741,12960000000), +('Algeria','Africa',2381741,37100000,188681000000), +('Andorra','Europe',468,78115,3712000000), +('Angola','Africa',1246700,20609294,100990000000); +``` + +表数据样例: + +```mysql ++-------------+-----------+---------+------------+--------------+ +| name | continent | 面积 | 人口| gdp | ++-------------+-----------+---------+------------+--------------+ +| Afghanistan | Asia | 652230 | 25500100 | 20343000000 | +| Albania | Europe | 28748 | 2831741 | 12960000000 | +| Algeria | Africa | 2381741 | 37100000 | 188681000000 | +| Andorra | Europe | 468 | 78115 | 3712000000 | +| Angola | Africa | 1246700 | 20609294 | 100990000000 | ++-------------+-----------+---------+------------+--------------+ +``` + +**要求1:** 查询大国 的国家名称、人口和面积。 + +```sql +select * from countries_info where area >=(3000000*1000) xor population>=25000000; +``` + +如果一个国家满足下述两个条件之一,则认为该国是 大国 : + +- 面积至少为 300万平方公里(即,3000000 km2) + +- 人口至少为 2500 万(即 25000000) + +**要求2:**查询属于亚洲的国家名称、所属大陆、面积、人口和 GDP + +```sql +select name 国家名称, continent 所属大陆, area 面积, population 人口, gdp GDP from countries_info where continent='Asia'; +``` + +值 + +**要求3:**查询国土面积不足1万平方公里且人口不走10万人的国家信息 + +```sql +select *from countries_info where area <10000 and population <100000; +``` + +**要求4:**查询国家名字中包含“o“字母的国家信息 + +```sql +select *from countries_info where name like '%o%'; +``` + +**要求5:**查询GDP值超过10000000000的国家信息 + +```sql +select * from countries_info where gdp>10000000000; +``` + +**要求6:**查询每个国家的人均贡献GDP值(GDP/人口总数)并显示为“国家名、人口、GDP值、人均贡献GDP值” + +```sql +select name 国家名, population 人口,gdp GDP值,gdp/population 人均贡献GDP值 from countries_info; + +``` + +**要求7:**查询人均贡献GDP值低于1000的国家信息。 + +```sql +select * from countries_info where gdp/population<1000 ; +``` + +**要求8:**查询每个国家的人均国土面积(面积/人口总数)并显示为“国家名、面积、人口、人均国土面积值” + +```sql +select name 国家名,area 面积, population 人口, area/population 人均国土面积值 from countries_info; + +``` + diff --git "a/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/2023.2.20\347\254\254\344\270\211\346\254\241\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" "b/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/2023.2.20\347\254\254\344\270\211\346\254\241\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..965e05ced24da3cd8887218f04119cac899da2c6 --- /dev/null +++ "b/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/2023.2.20\347\254\254\344\270\211\346\254\241\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +# 作业 + +```sql +create database test01_company; +use test01_company; + +ALTER database test01_company CHARACTER set utf8; +create table offces( +offceode int , +city varchar(30), +address varchar(50), +country varchar(50), +postalCode varchar(25) +); + +create table employees( +empNum int, +lastName varchar(50), +firstName varchar(50), +mobile varchar(25), +`code` int, +jobTitle varchar(50), +birth date, +Note varchar(255), +sex varchar(5) +); + +-- 将表employees的mobile字段修改到code字段后面。 +ALTER table employees MODIFY mobile varchar(25) after `code`; +-- 将表employees的birth字段改名为birthday; +alter table employees change birth birthday date; +-- 修改sex字段,数据类型为char(1)。 +alter table employees modify sex char(1); +-- 删除字段note; +alter table employees drop Note; +-- 增加字段名favoriate_activity,数据类型为varchar(100); +alter table employees add column favoriate_activity varchar(100); +-- 将表employees的名称修改为 employees_info +alter table employees rename to employees_info; + +-- 创建数据库test02db +create database test02db charset utf8; +USE test02db; + +create table pet( +`name` varchar(20) comment '宠物名称', +`owner` varchar(20) comment '宠物主人', +species varchar(20) comment '种类', +sex char(1) comment '性别', +birth year comment '出生日期', +death year comment '死亡日期' +); + +insert into pet values ('Fluffy','harold','Cat','f',2003,2010),('Claws','gwen','Cat','m',2004,null),('Buffy',null,'Dog','f',2009,null),('Fang','benny','Dog','m',2000,null),('bowser','diane','Dog','m',2003,2009),('Chirpy',null,'Bird','f',2008,null); + +-- 添加字段主人的生日owner_birth。 +alter table pet add owner_birth datetime ; + + -- 将名称为Claws的猫的主人改为kevin +update pet set owner='kevin' where name='Claws'; + +-- 将没有死的狗的主人改为duck +update pet set owner='duck' where death is Null; + +-- 将没有死的狗的主人改为duck +select name from pet where owner is null; + +-- 查询已经死了的cat的姓名,主人,以及去世时间; +select name ,owner, death from pet where death is not null and species='Cat'; + +-- 删除已经死亡的狗 +delete from pet where death is not null ; + +-- 查询所有宠物信息 +select *from pet; + +-- ## 第3题 + +-- 1、创建数据库:test03_company +create database test03_company charset utf8; +use test03_company; +-- 部门表(department):部门编号(depid),部门名称(depname),部门简介(deinfo);其中部门编号为主键。 +create table department( +depid int PRIMARY key auto_increment, +depname varchar(10) not null UNIQUE key, +deinfo varchar(200) +); + +-- 雇员表(employee):雇员编号(empid),姓名(name),性别(sex),职称(title),出生日期(birthday),所在部门编号(depid);其中 +create table employee( +empid int primary key auto_increment , +`name` char(4)not null, +sex enum('男','女') not null default '男', +title varchar(10), +birthday date, +depid int, +foreign key(depid)references department(depid) +); + +-- 给工资表(salary)的雇员编号(empid)增加外键约束,外键约束等级为(on update cascade 和on delete cascade) +create table salary( +empid int primary key auto_increment, +basesalary int, +titlesalary int , +dascade int, +foreign key(empid) references employee(empid) +); + +insert into department values (111,'生产部',null),(222,'销售部',null),(333,'人事部','人力资源管理'); + +-- | 部门编号 | 部门名称 | 部门简介 | +-- | -------- | -------- | ------------ | +-- | 111 | 生产部 | Null | +-- | 222 | 销售部 | Null | +-- | 333 | 人事部 | 人力资源管理 | +insert into employee values (1001,'张三','男','高级工程师','1975-1-1',111),(1002,'李四','女','助工','1985-1-1',111),(1003,'王五','男','工程师','1978-11-11',222),(1004,'张六','男','工程师','1999-1-1',222); + +-- | 雇员编号 | 姓名 | 性别 | 职称 | 出生日期 | 所在部门编号 | +-- | -------- | ---- | ---- | ---------- | ---------- | ------------ | +-- | 1001 | 张三 | 男 | 高级工程师 | 1975-1-1 | 111 | +-- | 1002 | 李四 | 女 | 助工 | 1985-1-1 | 111 | +-- | 1003 | 王五 | 男 | 工程师 | 1978-11-11 | 222 | +-- | 1004 | 张六 | 男 | 工程师 | 1999-1-1 | 222 | +insert into salary values (1001,2200,1100,200),(1002,1200,200,null),(1003,2900,700,200),(1004,1950,700,150); + +-- | 雇员编号 | 基本工资 | 职务工资 | 扣除 | +-- | -------- | -------- | -------- | ---- | +-- | 1001 | 2200 | 1100 | 200 | +-- | 1002 | 1200 | 200 | NULL | +-- | 1003 | 2900 | 700 | 200 | +-- | 1004 | 1950 | 700 | 150 | + +-- 创建一个数据库:test04_school +create database test04_school charset utf8; +use test04_school; + +-- Department表的定义 +create table Department( +DepNo int primary key not null auto_increment comment '部门号' , +DepName varchar(20)not null comment '部门名称', +DepNote varchar(50) comment '部门备注' +); + +-- Teacher表的定义 +create table Teacher( +Number int not null primary key auto_increment comment '教工号' , +Name varchar(30)not null comment'姓名', +sex varchar(4)comment'性别', +Birth date comment'出生日期', +depNo int comment'部门号', +Salary float comment'工资', +Address varchar(100), +foreign key(DepNo) references Department(DepNo) +); + +-- 添加记录 +insert into Department values(601,'软件技术系','软件技术等专业'),(602,'网络技术系','多媒体技术等专业'),(603,'艺术设计系','广告艺术设计等专业'),(604,'管理过程系','连锁经营管理等专业'); + +insert into Teacher values(2001,'Tom','女','1970-01-10',602,4500,'四川省绵阳市'),(2002,'Lucy','男','1983-12-18',601,2500,'北京市昌平区'),(2003,'Mike','男','1990-06-01',604,1500,'重庆市渝中区'),(2004,'James','女','1980-10-20',602,3500,'四川省成都市'),(2005,'Jack','男','1975-05-30',603,1500,'重庆市南岸区'); + +-- 用SELECT语句查询Teacher表的所有记录。 +select *from Teacher; +``` + diff --git "a/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/20230217 Mysql\347\232\204\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" "b/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/20230217 Mysql\347\232\204\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e342449ae9d6ad6f130d07384718c6f668b3378f --- /dev/null +++ "b/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/20230217 Mysql\347\232\204\344\275\234\344\270\232.md" @@ -0,0 +1,281 @@ + +# 作业 + + +```sql +create database class4 character utf8; +use class4; +CREATE TABLE `student` ( + `学号` char(10) , + `姓名` varchar(4) , + `性别` char(1) , + `爱好` text, + `地址` varchar(20) , + `联系方式` char(11) , + `邮箱` varchar(20) , + `QQ号` char(10) +) ; +INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('2244310407','陈新成','男','下棋','福建莆田','17750339005','asgjg@163.com','2511976689'); + +*| 字段名 | 数据类型 | +*| --- | --- | +*| c_num | int(11) | +*| c_name | varchar(50) | +*| c_contact | varchar(50) | +*| c_city | varchar(50) | +*| c_birth | date | + +*1、创建数据库test01_market + +c_citycreate database test01_market charset utf8; +use test01_market; +create table customers( +c_num int(11), +c_name varchar(50), +c_contact varchar(50), +c_city varchar(50), +c_birth date +); + +2、创建表格customers + +**要求3:**将c_contact字段移动到c_birth字段后面 + +alter table customers modify c_contact varchar(50) after c_birth; + +**要求4:**将c_name字段数据类型改为 varchar(70) + +alter table customers modify c_name varchar(70); + +**要求5:**将c_contact字段改名为c_phone + +alter table customers change c_contact c_phone varchar(50); + +**要求6:**增加c_gender字段到c_name后面,数据类型为char(1) + +alter table customers add column c_gender char(1); +alter table customers modify c_gender varchar(50) after c_name ; + +**要求7:**将表名改为customers_info + +alter table customers rename to customers_info; + +**要求8:**删除字段 + +alter table customers_info drop column c_city; + +*1、创建数据库test02_library + +CREATE DATABASE test02_library; +alter database test02_library charset utf8; +show CREATE DATABASE test02_library; +use test02_library; + +*2、创建表格books + +show CREATE TABLE books; +alter table books charset=utf8; + +| *-- | 字段名 | 字段说明 | 数据类型 | 允许为空 | 唯一 | +| --- | ------- | ---- | ------------ | ---- | --- | +| -- | b_id | 书编号 | int(11) | 否 | 是 | +| -- | b_name | 书名 | varchar(50) | 否 | 否 | +| -- | authors | 作者 | varchar(100) | 否 | 否 | +| -- | price | 价格 | float | 否 | 否 | +| -- | pubdate | 出版日期 | year | 否 | 否 | +| -- | note | 说明 | varchar(100) | 是 | 否 | +| -- | num | 库存 | int(11) | 否 | 否 | + +CREATE TABLE books( +b_id int(1)ZEROFILL not null comment 书编号 , +b_name varchar(50) not null comment 书名, +authors1 varchar(100) not null comment 作者, +price FLOAT not NULL comment 价格, +pubdate year not NULL comment 出版日期, +note varchar(100) comment 说明, +num int(11) not NULL comment 库存 +); +ALTER TABLE books MODIFY b_id int(1)not null auto_increment; + +-- 3、向books表中插入记录 + +-- 1) 指定所有字段名称插入第一条记录 + +INSERT into books(b_id,b_name,authors1,price,pubdate,note,num) VALUES(1,'Tal of AAA','Dickes',23,1995,'novel','11'); + +-- 2)不指定字段名称插入第二记录 + +INSERT into books VALUES(2,'EmmaT','Jane lura',35,1993,'joke','22'); + +-- 3)同时插入多条记录(剩下的所有记录) +INSERT into books VALUES(3,'Story of Jane','Jane Tim',40,2001,'novel','0'); +INSERT into books VALUES(4,'Lovey Day','George Byron',20,2005,'novel','30'); +INSERT into books VALUES(5,'Old land','Honore Blade',30,2010,'law','0'); +INSERT into books VALUES(6,'The Battle','Upton Sara',30,1999,'medicine','40'); +INSERT into books VALUES(7,'Rose Hood','Richard haggard',28,2008,'cartoon','28'); +SELECT + +*from books; +-- 4、将小说类型(novel)的书的价格都增加5。 + +UPDATE books set price=price+5 WHERE note='novel'; + +*5、将名称为EmmaT的书的价格改为40。 + +UPDATE books set price=40 WHERE b_name='emmat'; + +*6、删除库存为0的记录 + +DELETE from books WHERE num=0; + +-- 1、创建数据库test03_bookstore + +CREATE database test03_bookstore CHARACTER set utf8; +use test03_bookstore; +drop DATABASE test03_bookstore; + +-- 2、创建book表 + +-- ```mysql +-- +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ +-- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-- +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ +-- | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | +-- | title | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | author | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | price | double(11,2) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | sales | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | stock | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | img_path | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | | +-- +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ +CREATE TABLE book( +id int auto_increment not null PRIMARY key, +title varchar(100) not null , +author varchar(100) not null , +price DOUBLE(11,2) not null , +sales int not null , +stock int not null , +img_path varchar(100) not null +); +-- +-- 尝试添加部分模拟数据,参考示例如下: +-- +-- ```mysql +-- +----+-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------------------+ +-- | id | title | author | price | sales | stock | img_path | +-- +----+-------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+-----------------------------+ +-- | 1 | 解忧杂货店 | 东野圭吾 | 27.20 | 102 | 98 | upload/books/解忧杂货店.jpg | +-- | 2 | 边城 | 沈从文 | 23.00 | 102 | 98 | upload/books/边城.jpg | +-- +----+---------------+------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------------------+ +-- ``` +insert into book VALUES(1,'解忧杂货店 ','东野圭吾',27.20,102,98,' upload/books/解忧杂货店.jpg'); +insert into book VALUES(2,' 边城','沈从文',23.00,102,98,'upload/books/边城.jpg'); +SELECT *from book; +-- 3、创建用户表users,并插入数据 +CREATE table users( +id int auto_increment not null PRIMARY key, +username varchar(100) not null UNIQUE KEY, +`password` VARCHAR(100) not null, +email varchar(100) +); +-- ```mysql +-- +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ +-- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-- +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ +-- | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | +-- | username | varchar(100) | NO | UNI | NULL | | +-- | password | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | email | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | +-- +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ +-- ``` +-- +-- 尝试添加部分模拟数据,参考示例如下: +-- +-- ```mysql +insert into users VALUES(1,'admin','112233','admin@mxdx.com') +SELECT *from users; +show CREATE TABLE users; + +-- +----+----------+----------------------------------+--------------------+ +-- | id | username | password | email | +-- +----+----------+----------------------------------+--------------------+ +-- | 1 | admin | 112233 | admin@mxdx.com | +-- +----+----------+----------------------------------+--------------------+ +-- ``` +-- +-- 4、创建订单表orders + +-- ```mysql +-- +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ +-- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-- +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ +-- | id | varchar(100) | NO | PRI | NULL | | +-- | order_time | datetime | NO | | NULL | | +-- | total_count | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | total_amount | double(11,2) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | state | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | user_id | int(11) | NO | MUL | NULL | | +-- +--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ +-- ``` +CREATE table orders( +id varchar(100) not null PRIMARY key, +order_time DATETIME not null, +total_count int not null, +total_amount DOUBLE(11,2) not null, +state int not null, +user_id int +); +desc orders; +alter table orders add index(user_id); +-- 尝试添加部分模拟数据,参考示例如下: +insert into orders VALUES('15294258455691','2018-06-20 00:30:45',2,52.20,0,1); +-- ```mysql +-- +----------------+---------------------+-------------+--------------+-------+---------+ +-- | id | order_time | total_count | total_amount | state | user_id | +-- +----------------+---------------------+-------------+--------------+-------+---------+ +-- | 15294258455691 | 2018-06-20 00:30:45 | 2 | 50.20 | 0 | 1 | +-- +----------------+---------------------+-------------+--------------+-------+---------+ +-- ``` +-- +-- 5、创建订单明细表order_items + +-- ```mysql +-- +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ +-- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-- +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ +-- | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | +-- | count | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | amount | double(11,2) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | title | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | author | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | price | double(11,2) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | img_path | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | | +-- | order_id | varchar(100) | NO | MUL | NULL | | +-- +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ +-- ``` +CREATE TABLE order_items( +id int not null auto_increment PRIMARY KEY, +count int not NULL, +amount double(11,2) not NULL, +title varchar(100)not NULL, +author varchar(100) not null, +price double(11,2) not null, +img_path varchar(100)not null, +order_id varchar(100) not null +); +alter table order_items add index(order_id); +-- 尝试添加部分模拟数据,参考示例如下: +-- +-- ```mysql +-- +----+-------+--------+---------+---------+-------+----------------+----------------+ +-- | id |count| amount| title | author | price | img_path | order_id | +-- +----+-------+--------+------------+----------+-------+----------------+----------------+ +-- | 1 | 1 | 27.20| 解忧杂货店 | 东野圭吾 | 27.20 | static/img/default.jpg|15294258455691 | +-- | 2 | 1 | 23.00| 边城 | 沈从文 | 23.00 | static/img/default.jpg|15294258455691 | +-- +----+-------+--------+------------+----------+-------+------------+----------------+ +-- +insert into order_items VALUES(1,1,27.20,'解忧杂货店','东野圭吾',27.20, 'static/img/default.jpg','15294258455691'); +insert into order_items VALUES(2,1,23.00,'边城','沈从文',23.00,'static/img/default.jpg','15294258455691'); + +``` + diff --git "a/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/DDL DML\347\254\224\350\256\260.md" "b/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/DDL DML\347\254\224\350\256\260.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ca5151b1a372d4b49ab32a58789086fa7cdde00 --- /dev/null +++ "b/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/DDL DML\347\254\224\350\256\260.md" @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +# 笔记 + +1. 数据库 :DataBase +2. 数据库管理系统:DBMS +3. 表格 : table +4. 关系型数据库管理系统: MySQL + +## DDL 数据定义语言 + +1. 创建 :create +2. 删除 :DROP +3. 修改: ALTER +4. 查询表结构: DESC +5. 展示:show + +## DML 数据操作语言 + +1. 增加:insert +2. 修改:update +3. 删除:delete + +## DQL 数据查询语言 + +1. select + +## DCL 数据控制语言 + +1. 授权: grant +2. 确认: commit +3. 回滚: rollback + +## 数据类型 + +1. 整数:int + 1. create table t_int( + i1 int, + i2 int(2) #没有unsigned zerofill,(2)没有意义 + ); +2. 字符串(固定长度):char +3. 字符串(不固定长度):varchar +4. 单浮点型:float +5. 双浮点型:double +6. 定点数: decimal +7. 时间类型 + 1. date + 2. datetime + 3. time + 4. year + 5. timrstamp + +## DDL的操作 + +```sql +show databases charset utf8; #查询自己所有数据库 +create database 数据库名; #创造一个数据库 +use 数据库名; #进入数据库 +drop database 数据库名; #删除数据库 +show create database 数据库名; #查询数据库详细信息 +alter database 数据库名 character set 新的字符集名称 ; #修改数据库的编码 +desc 表名称; #查询表结构 +ALTER TABLE 表名称 ADD 字段名 数据类型; #增加一个字段 +ALTER TABLE 表名称 CHANGE 旧字段名称 新的字段名称 数据类型; #修改一个字段名称 +ALTER TABLE 表名称 MODIFY 字段名称 数据类型 AFTER\FIRST 另一个字段; #修改字段的位置 +#当输入“FIRST”时不用加另一个字段 +ALTER TABLE 表名称 RENAME TO 新名称; #重命名表 +``` + +## DML的操作 + +```sql +alter table 字段名 rename to 新字段名; #修改字段名 +UPDATE 表名称 SET 字段名 = 值 where 条件; #修改里面已经有的数据 +DELETE FROM 表名称; #删除整个表的数据 +UPDATE stu SET name=NULL; #删除weight列的数据 +ALTER TABLE stu DROP name; #删除weight列的定义 +``` + diff --git "a/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/\347\272\246\346\235\237\347\254\224\350\256\260.md" "b/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/\347\272\246\346\235\237\347\254\224\350\256\260.md" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60f23d9145d88623351ee382302a26a91a5fa469 --- /dev/null +++ "b/14 \351\231\210\346\226\260\346\210\220/\347\272\246\346\235\237\347\254\224\350\256\260.md" @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 约束 + +1. 非空 :not null + +2. 唯一:可空、不重复、一个表可以有多个 + + unique + +3. 主键: 不可空、不重复、一个表只能有一个主键 + + primary + +4. 默认:当not null **default** 不给值时会自动选择默认填 + +5. 自增:auto_incremnet + +6. 外键: foreign key(本表要关联的字段名) refernces 主表名(主表的主键字段名) \ No newline at end of file