# Appium知识总结

**Repository Path**: gao-mang/appium-knowledge-summary

## Basic Information

- **Project Name**: Appium知识总结
- **Description**: Appium常用的一些API操作及方法总结，包括：搜索、长按、点击、定位、滑动等；adb shell命令封装，包括：查看端口是否占用、常用命令的方法封装、app资源消耗的方法封装等，主要总结是移动端自动化测试时，经常遇到的一些问题的解决方案。
- **Primary Language**: Java
- **License**: Apache-2.0
- **Default Branch**: master
- **Homepage**: None
- **GVP Project**: No

## Statistics

- **Stars**: 0
- **Forks**: 2
- **Created**: 2022-08-02
- **Last Updated**: 2022-08-02

## Categories & Tags

**Categories**: Uncategorized

**Tags**: None

## README

# Appium知识总结

#### 简介
Appium常用的一些API操作及方法总结，包括：搜索、长按、点击、定位、滑动、JS操作等；adb shell命令封装，包括：查看端口是否占用、常用命令的方法封装、app资源消耗的方法封装等，主要总结是移动端自动化测试时，经常遇到的一些问题的解决方案。


#### 搜索

1.  API方法

```
driver.findElement(By.id(“package name:id/btn_search”)).click;
```


2.  键盘事件

```
//搜索键：84 
driver.sendKeyEvent(84);
driver.pressKeyCode(84);
//回车键：66  
driver.sendKeyEvent(AndroidKeyCode.ENTER);
```

3.  adb命令

```
public static void adbSearch() {
    ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(adbPath, "shell", "input", "keyevent", "66");
    try {
      pb.start();
    } catch (IOException e1) {
      e1.printStackTrace();
    }
 }
```


#### 长按

1.  长按操作

```
// 长按发送图片
TouchAction Action = new TouchAction(driver);
Action.longPress(driver.findElement(By.id("package name:id/imageview_msg_image"))).perform();
```

2.  元素长按

```
Action.press(driver.findElement(By.id("package name:id/tv_record_audio_text"))).waitAction(5000).release().perform();
```

3.  强制长按

```
//强制长按10s，推荐使用该方法
Action.longPress(driver.findElement(By.id("package name:id/z6")), 10000).perform();
```

4.  坐标长按

```
Action.longPress(343, 1108).perform();
```

5. JS长按

```
public static void jsLongPress(AndroidDriver driver, By by) {
		WebElement ele = driver.findElement(by);
		JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
		HashMap<String, String> longPress = new HashMap<String, String>();
		longPress.put("ele", ((RemoteWebElement) ele).getId());
		js.executeScript("mobile: longClick", longPress);
	}
```


#### 点击

1.  API方法

```
driver.tap(1, 123, 456, 500);
```

2.  集成方法

```
driverUtil.clickByCoordinate(driver, 428, 1681);
```

3.  封装方法

```
public void tab(int x, int y) {
	try {
		TouchAction ta = new TouchAction(driver);
		ta.tap(x, y).release().perform();
	} catch (Exception e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}
}
```

4.  显现点击

```
//出现就点，不出现就跳过(如：首页广告)
By search = By.id("package name:id/btn_search");
element.waitForElement(driver, search, time);
element.checkandClick(driver, search);
```

5. 随机点击

```
public static void randomClick(AndroidDriver driver, By by) {
		Random random = new Random();// 定义随机类
		elementUtil.elementsExists(driver, by);
		List<WebElement> picture = driver.findElements(by);
		int result = random.nextInt(picture.size());// 返回[0,size)集合中的整数，注意不包括size
		picture.get(result).click();
	}
```

6. 集合点击

```
public static WebElement FindByElementsClick(AndroidDriver driver, By by, int index, int timeOut) {
		WebElement ele = null;
		if (elementUtil.elementsExists(driver, by)) {
			ele = driver.findElements(by).get(index);
			ele.click();
		}
		return ele;
	}
```

7. className顺序点击

```
public static void classNameClick(AndroidDriver driver, String className, int index){
		elementUtil.elementsExists(driver, By.className(className));
		driver.findElementsByClassName(className).get(index).click();
	}
```

8. className倒序点击

```
public static void classNameDownClick(AndroidDriver driver, String className, int index) {
		List<WebElement> list = driver.findElementsByClassName(className);
		elementUtil.elementsExists(driver, By.className(className));
		list.get(list.size() - index).click();
	}
```

9. Selector点击
```
public static void selectorClick(AndroidDriver driver, String uiSelector, int timeOut) {
		elementUtil.waitForElement(driver, MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator(uiSelector), timeOut).click();
	}
```

10. 点击相对坐标

```
public static void clickScreenWithPercentage(AndroidDriver driver, int i, int j) {
		int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().width;
		int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().height;
		try {
			driver.tap(1, width * i / 100, height * j / 100, 200);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
```

11. 点击绝对坐标

```
public static void clickByCoordinate(AndroidDriver driver, int x, int y) {
		TouchAction ta = new TouchAction(driver);
		try {
			ta.tap(x, y).release().perform();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
```

12. 双击操作

```
    public void clickDouble(AndroidDriver driver, By by) {
		WebElement webElement = driver.findElement(by);
		new Actions(driver).doubleClick(webElement).perform();
	}
```



### 滑动
1. 左滑几次
```
public static void swipeLeft(AndroidDriver driver, int times) {
		for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
			timeUtil.sleep(800);
			driverUtil.swipeWithPercent(driver, 80, 50, 20, 50);
			timeUtil.sleep(1200);
		}
	}
```
2. 右滑几次

```
public static void swipeRight(AndroidDriver driver, int times) {
		for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
			timeUtil.sleep(800);
			driverUtil.swipeWithPercent(driver, 20, 50, 80, 50);
			timeUtil.sleep(1200);
		}
	}
```
3. 上滑几次

```
public static void swipeUp(AndroidDriver driver, int times) {
		for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
			timeUtil.sleep(800);
			driverUtil.swipeWithPercent(driver, 50, 80, 50, 20);
			timeUtil.sleep(1200);
		}
	}
```
4. 下滑几次

```
public static void swipeDown(AndroidDriver driver, int times) {
		for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
			timeUtil.sleep(800);
			driverUtil.swipeWithPercent(driver, 50, 20, 50, 80);
			timeUtil.sleep(1200);
		}
	}
```
5. 元素右滑

```
public static void elementRightSwipe(AndroidDriver driver, By by) {
		WebElement element = driver.findElement(by);
		// 获取控件起始×坐标
		int xAxisStartPoint = element.getLocation().getX();
		System.out.println("起始坐标:" + xAxisStartPoint);
		// 获取控件最大宽度
		int xAxisEndPoint = xAxisStartPoint + element.getSize().getWidth();
		System.out.println("结束坐标:" + xAxisEndPoint);
		// 获取控件的高度
		int yAxis = element.getLocation().getY();
		System.out.println("高度为:" + yAxis);
		driver.swipe(xAxisEndPoint - 20, yAxis + 20, xAxisStartPoint + 10, yAxis + 20, 1000);

	}
```
6. 元素左滑

```
public static void elementLiftSwipe(AndroidDriver driver, By by) {
		WebElement element = driver.findElement(by);
		int xAxisStartPoint = element.getLocation().getX();
		int xAxisEndPoint = xAxisStartPoint + element.getSize().getWidth();
		int yAxis = element.getLocation().getY();
		driver.swipe(xAxisEndPoint + 10, yAxis + 20, xAxisStartPoint - 20, yAxis + 20, 1000);

	}
```
7. JS滑动

```
public static void jsSwipe(AndroidDriver driver, double startX, double startY, double endX, double endY, int times) {
		JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
		HashMap<String, Double> swipeObj = new HashMap<String, Double>();
		swipeObj.put("startX", startX);
		swipeObj.put("startY", startY);
		swipeObj.put("endX", endX);
		swipeObj.put("endY", endY);
		for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
			jse.executeScript("mobile: swipe", swipeObj);
		}
	}
```

8. 比例滑动

```
public static void swipeWithPercent(AndroidDriver driver, int beginXpercent, int beginYpercent, int endXpercent,
			int endYpercent) {
		Assert.assertFalse("参数传入错误",
				(beginXpercent <= 0 || beginXpercent >= 100) && (beginYpercent <= 0 || beginYpercent >= 100)
						&& (endXpercent <= 0 || endXpercent >= 100) && (endYpercent <= 0 || endYpercent >= 100));
		int x = driver.manage().window().getSize().width;
		int y = driver.manage().window().getSize().height;
		try {
			driver.swipe(x / 100 * beginXpercent, y / 100 * beginYpercent, x / 100 * endXpercent, y / 100 * endYpercent,
					300);
			Thread.sleep(1200);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
```

9. 拖拽元素

```
    public void swipeElement(AndroidDriver driver, By by1, By by2) {
		new TouchAction(driver).longPress(driver.findElement(by1)).moveTo(driver.findElement(by2)).release().perform();
	}

    //移动到某个元素上
    public void movetoElement(AndroidDriver driver, By by) {
	new TouchAction(driver).moveTo(driver.findElement(by));
    }
```

10. Touch滑动

```
public void appiumSwipe(AndroidDriver driver, int x, int y, int x1, int y1) {
		try {
			// action类分解动作，先长按，再移动到指定位置，再松开
			new TouchAction(driver).longPress(x, y).moveTo(x1, y1).release().perform();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
```


### 手机驱动未安装

```
 **报错提示：** 
org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: A new session could not be created.
	(Original error: Device ZX1C622BU3 was not in the list of connected devices)
	(WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
```
    解决方案：可能手机驱动未安装成功或为安装，利用电脑自动安装和360手机助手安装驱动

### 未连接到手机

```
 **报错提示：** 
error: Failed to start an Appium session, err was: Error: Command failed: C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c “D:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s adb server version (32) doesn’t match this client (36); killing…
wait-for-device” 
	error: could not install smartsocket listener: cannot bind to 127.0.0.1:5037:
```
    解决方案：没有打开USB调试、5037端口号占用、进程占用、断开USB连接再重新连接


### 端口占用

```
        // 查看端口是否被占用
	public static boolean isPortUsing(int port) {
		boolean flag = false;
		// 如果端口没有被占用，就返回false，反之，返回true
		try {
			InetAddress theAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
			Socket socket = new Socket(theAddress, port);
			flag = true;
			socket.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {

		}
		return flag;
	}
```

- 软件占用，比如：数据库等软件
例如：运行时Appium中报错 error: Unhandled error: Error: connect ECONNREFUSED

```
解决方案：mysql和node.js使用的同一个端口，换一个端口号就行
```


- 进程占用，比如：360手机助手、应用宝、豌豆荚等进程

```
解决方案：关闭360手机助手等软件；任务管理器中杀掉进程，比如adb.exe adb kill-server和adb start-server杀掉和开启
```


### appWaitActivity

```
 **报错提示：** 
org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: A new session could not be created. (Original error: com.qihoo360.contacts/.ui.mainscreen.MainTabBase never started. Current: com.qihoo360.contacts/.danmu.ui.DanmuSplashActivity) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
```


解决方案：
```
capabilities.setCapability("appWaitActivity",".ICloudLeaderActivity");
capabilities.setCapability("appWaitActivity", ".Main");
```

Package有时候也会不一样需要多添加一句capabilities.setCapability("appWaitPackage", "报错current那一个");
- 获取应用的启动时延时，可能会减少或添加其他的appWaitActivity；
- 在进行无缓存业务运行时，运行前要手动在设置应用程序中清理缓存，也有可能要添加appWaitPackage和AppWaitActivity（前提条件：循环运行时经常报错）。

### 会话时间(60s)

```
//收到下一条命令的超时时间，超过时间会自动关闭session，默认60s
capabilities.setCapability("newCommandTimeout", 360000);
```

### 中文输入

```
capabilities.setCapability("unicodeKeyboard", true);
capabilities.setCapability("resetKeyboard", true);
```
- 输入不稳定解决方法：利用adb shell命令调用其他输入法

```
C:\Users\LITP>adb shell ime list -s 
com.baidu.input_mi/.ImeService 
com.sohu.inputmethod.sogou.xiaomi/.SogouIME 
io.appium.android.ime/.UnicodeIME 
```
- 封装方法：

```
private void excuteAdbShell(String s) {
        Runtime runtime=Runtime.getRuntime();
        try{
            runtime.exec(s);
        }catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("执行命令:"+s+"出错");
        }
    }
```
- 调用方式：

```
    excuteAdbShell("adb shell ime set com.sohu.inputmethod.sogou.xiaomi/.SogouIME");
    //再次点击输入框，调取键盘，软键盘被成功调出
    clickView(page.getSearch());
    //点击右下角的搜索，即ENTER键
    pressKeyCode(AndroidKeyCode.ENTER);
    //再次切回 输入法键盘为Appium unicodeKeyboard
    excuteAdbShell("adb shell ime set io.appium.android.ime/.UnicodeIME");
```

### 时间等待
- 显性等待：

```
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
 element = wait.Until<IWebElement>((d) =>
      {
           return driver.FindElement(By.Id("userName"));     
      });
```
- 隐性等待：

```
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
```
- 线程等待

```
Thread.sleep(2000);
```


### 运行时错误
- 接触不良

```
**手机断开连接需要重新连接，报错提示：** 
Error: Command failed: C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /s /c “D:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb.exe -s 8806a0b0 shell “echo ‘ready‘“error: unknown host service
```
- 会话占用

```
 **报错提示：** 
error: Failed to start an Appium session, err was: Error: Requested a new session but one was in progress
```
之前的会话没有关闭，然后你又运行了测试实例，也没有设置覆盖. 
解决办法: 
1. 重新停止appium服务，开启Appium服务
2. 在Genarel Setting那里设置覆盖Session，重启Appium
3. 测试结束在方法里加：driver.quit()


### Ctrl+V操作

```
public static void CtrlVPaste(WebElement el){
	el.click(); //获取焦点
	//Ctrl+V组合操作 
    driver.sendKeyEvent(50,AndroidKeyMetastate.META_CTRL_ON);
}
```

### 刷新操作

```
    public void refreshWithCtrlF5(AndroidDriver driver) {
		driver.getKeyboard().sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, Keys.F5);
	}
```


### 后台切换

```
driver.runAppInBackground(5);
driver.sendKeyEvent(3);//Home键
driver.sendKeyEvent(AndroidKeyCode.HOME);
```


### Classname定位
- 通用方法
```
List<WebElement> lis = driver.findElementsByClassName("Android.widget.ImageView");//获取ImageView的所有元素
WebElement targetEle = lis.get(0);//获取列表中第一个元素
//封装方法
public List<WebElement> getAllImges(){
    	List<WebElement> lis = driver.findElementsByClassName(AndroidClassName.IMAGEVIEW);
    	return lis;
    }
```
- 特用方法

```
List<WebElement> lists = driver.findElementsByAndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().className("+"android.widget.ImageView"+").index(4)");
//封装方法
public List<WebElement> getElementsByClassAndIndex(String classname,int index){
    	List<WebElement> lis =null;
    	lis = driver.findElementsByAndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().className("+classname+").index("+index+")");
    	return lis;
    }
```

```
List<WebElement> lister = driver.findElementsByAndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().className("+"android.widget.ImageView"+").index(4).clickable(true)");
//封装方法
public List<WebElement>   getElementsByClassAndIndexAndClickable(String classname,int index){
    	List<WebElement> lis =null;
    	lis = driver.findElementsByAndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().className("+classname+").index("+index+").clickable(true)");
    	return lis;
    }
```


### Xpath插件
- 将lazy-uiautomatorviewer 源码编译生成的jar包uiautomatorviewer.jar拷贝到安卓安装目录下的
\android-sdk\tools\lib 文件夹中替换掉原来的uiautomatorviewer.jar包。
- 参考文献：[APP自动化框架LazyAndroid使用手册](https://blog.csdn.net/kaka1121/article/details/53301517)


### Xpath-contains方法

```
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.ImageView[contains(@index,'4')]")).click();
List<WebElement> pic = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//android.widget.ImageView[contains(@NAF,'true')]"));
pic.get(4).click();
//XPath使用类，文本属性和资源id：(有概率点错)
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.Button[contains(@resource-id,'digit5') and @text='5']"));
```

```
//封装方法
public List<WebElement> getWebElementList(By by) {

        return driver.findElements(by);
    }
    public void details() throws InterruptedException{
        List<WebElement> weList = null;
        weList = getWebElementList(By.tagName("android.widget.EditView"));
        for (WebElement we : weList) {
            if(we.getText().toLowerCase().contains("login")){
                we.sendKeys("Hello");
            }
        }           
    }
```

```
//集成方法
By Smallvideo = By.xpath(element.getXpathString("android.widget.TextView", "text", "小视频"));
element.waitForElement(driver, Smallvideo , 15);
element.checkandClick(driver, Smallvideo );

By backup = By.xpath(element.getXpathString("android.widget.TextView", "text", "安全备份"));
	if (element.waitForElement(driver, backup, 15)) {            
            element.checkandClick(driver, backup);
		} else {
		    System.out.println("作废 - " + i);
		    i--;
		    continue;
	    }
```