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README
Apache-2.0

Linux服务器学习笔记

一、分区类型

主分区:最多4个

扩展分区:最多一个,主分区+扩展分区最多4个,不能写入数据

逻辑分区:分区后的盘

二、格式化

格式化的目的是为了重置磁盘,清除所有数据,并写入文件系统。

Linux一切皆文件

Java一切皆对象

三、Linux目录

/bin常用命令

/boot启动文件

/dev 设备

/home 用户文件

/media 设备挂载

/root超级管理员

/selinux安全机制

/usr 用户的很多应用程序和文件都放在这个目录下,类似programfiles目录

/run临时文件系统

四、常用命令

1、目录操作命令

ls和ll 查看所有文件

cd 切换目录

pwd 当前目录

mkdir 创建目录

rmdir 删除目录

2、文件操作命令

touch 创建空文件

stat 查看文件详细信息

cat 查看文件内容

more 分屏显示文件

less 分行显示

head 显示文件开头

tail 既可以显示开头,也可以显示结尾

ln 建立链接

硬链接--只能用于文件,改变源文件,链接改变,删除源文件,链接文件可以用,一般不建议使用。

软链接--可以用于目录,改变任意一个,都改变。

创建链接不会复制文件

3、目录和文件都可以用的命令

rm 删除命令

-r 递归删除
-f 强制删除
-i 交互删除,提示用户。

cp复制

mv剪切

五、权限管理-chmod

1、文件类型
-:普通文件
b: 块设备文件
c: 字符设备文件
d: 目录文件
l: 软链接
p: 管道符文件
s: 套接字文件
u: 所有者
g: 所属组
o:其他人
a:全部人
r: 读----4
w: 写----2
r: 执行--1
644: 基本权限
755: 执行权限
777: 最大权限
2、修改所有者和所属组

chown 修改所有者和所属组

chgrp 修改所属组

3、umask默认权限

六、帮助命令

1、man-常见帮助命令

2、info-完整的帮助命令

3、help-内置shell命令

4、--help

七、搜索

1、whereis-搜索系统命令

2、which-搜索系统命令

3、locate-按文件名搜索普通文件

4、find-在目录中搜索文件

5、grep-提取符合条件的字符串

6、| 管道补充命令

八、压缩和解压

1、zip
压缩
zip 压缩包 源文件
zip -r 压缩包 源文件
-r 压缩目录
解压
unzip -d /tmp a.zip
-d 指定位置
2、.gz-不会打包
gzip 选项 文件
-c:保留源文件
-d: 解压缩
-r: 解压目录
3、.bz2-不能压缩目录
压缩
bzip2 参数 源文件
-d: 解压缩
-k: 压缩时保留源文件
-v: 显示详细信息
解压
bunzip2
bzip2 -d 
4、.tar-不会压缩
压缩
tar -cvf 源文件
-c: 打包
-f: 指定压缩包名
-v: 显示打包过程
解压
tar -xvf 源文件
-x: 解压
-f: 指定压缩包名
-v: 显示解包过程
-t: 测试
5、tar.gz和tar.bz2
tar -z 源文件 解压tar.gz
tar -j 源文件 解压tar.bz2

九、关机和重启

1、shutdown
shutdown
-c: 取消关机
-h: 关机
-r: 重启
2、reboot
3、halt
4、poweroff
5、init运行级别

十、网络命令

1、配置IP
1、setup
2、vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
IPADDR=192.168.1.160
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=119.29.29.29
DNS2=8.8.8.8
2、ifconfig
3、ping
4、netstat
netstat -tuln 本机开启端口
netstat -tulnp 哪些软件开启端口
-a 所有
-c 每隔几秒刷新
-n ip和端口
-p pid和程序名
-t tcp
-u udp
-l 监听状态
-r 路由

十一、系统痕迹

1、w 正在登录的用户
2、who 正在登录的用户
3、last 所有登录过的用户
4、lastlog 所有用户最后一次登录
5、lastb 错误登录

十二、挂载

1、mount
mount
-t 文件系统
-L 卷标名
-o 特殊用途
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/disk1
2、光盘挂载
挂载
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
卸载
umount /dev/
umount /mnt/
3、挂载U盘
fdisk -l 查询硬盘
mount -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb
vfat 文件格式
iocharset=utf8 解决乱码
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