1 Star 0 Fork 2

yuxiaobin / SpringMockTestSample

加入 Gitee
与超过 1200万 开发者一起发现、参与优秀开源项目,私有仓库也完全免费 :)
免费加入
克隆/下载
贡献代码
同步代码
取消
提示: 由于 Git 不支持空文件夾,创建文件夹后会生成空的 .keep 文件
Loading...
README
Apache-2.0

Spring Mock Test

Mock测试背景

https://www.infoq.com/articles/stubbing-mocking-service-virtualization-differences

正常情况下,Spring推荐使用接口interface, 所以一般依赖的都是接口

定义一个接口

public interface IBookService {
  /**
   * 根据类目,罗列出书单
   *
   * @param category 书的类目
   * @return 该类目下的书名
   */
  public List<String> bookList(String category);
}

测试对象类里有依赖到这个接口

@Autowired
IBookService iBookService;

在Spring启动的时候,会寻找接口的实现类

如果没有找到,会报错

  • 当依赖在第三方jar包里,测试时没有引入jar;
  • 或者没有扫实现类的package;
No qualifying bean of type 'com.github.yuxiaobin.mock.api.IBookService' available

然而,该接口的实现可能依赖一大堆逻辑,或者实现类在第三方jar包里

一般正常测试,必须要配置扫描路径/加载第三方jar依赖;

加载/依赖进来会导致:

  • 依赖的jar可能需要依赖一大堆其他jar,还可能跟现有依赖的jar冲突;
  • 可能需要依赖其他资源:数据库,redis,甚至是微服务;
  • 掉入依赖地狱;

而可能我们想测试的逻辑,跟依赖的bean关系不大,或者这个依赖的实现需要起一个微服务来被调用,而调用的结果也不算太重要,

那么问题来了:

本来测试一段逻辑没几行代码,但是为测试准备环境需要一大堆,这让测试变得困难,效率大大降低

Mock测试来帮你解决依赖地狱

测试工具:mockito

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
    <version>2.23.4</version>
</dependency>

对于有实现类的,但不关心里面的逻辑

@Mock
IAddressService addressService;//这个类的逻辑做mock

@Autowired
IUserService userService;//待测试的类
@Before
public void initMocks() throws Exception {
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
	//模拟逻辑返回
    when(addressService.getAddressByUserId(any(String.class))).thenReturn(new Address().setCountry("ZH"));
	//把mock的对象注入到需要测试的类中
    org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils.setField(userService, "addressService", addressService);
}
@Test
public void mockInjectTest(){
    User user = userService.getUserById("10086");
    Assert.assertEquals("ZH", user.getAddress().getCountry());
}

对于强制依赖了第三方接口,但又不太不想加载/不太关心第三方实现的结果

  • 强制依赖: @Autowired(required=true) //默认就是true
  • 没有实现类,或者实现类是其他模块/服务,不想加载/起对应微服务
  1. 需要在application-test.xml配置如下,不然没法启动spring容器(注意:factory-method="mock")
<bean name="iBookService" class="org.mockito.Mockito" factory-method="mock">
    <constructor-arg value="com.github.yuxiaobin.mock.api.IBookService"/>
</bean>
  1. 测试类:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:applicationContext-mock-inject.xml"})
public class MockSpringTest {

  //@InjectMocks
  //IUserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
  //上面@InjectMocks,和@Autowired 两种写法都可以
  @Autowired
  IUserService userService;
    
  @Mock
  IBookService iBookService;//其实并没有加载它默认的实现类/jar
  @Mock
  IAddressService addressService;//不太关心该api的结果
  
  @Before
  public void initMock(){
    //模拟这个第三方api返回结果集
    when(iBookService.getBookListByUserId(any(String.class))).thenReturn(new ArrayList<String>());
    //通过反射,把iBookService注入进去
    org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils.setField(userService, "iBookService", iBookService);
	
	when(addressService.getAddressByUserId(any(String.class))).thenReturn(new Address().setCountry("ZH"));
	ReflectionTestUtils.setField(userService, "addressService", addressService);
  }
  
  @Test
  public void test()}{
    User user = userService.getUserById("10086");
    List<String> bookList = user.getBookList();
    Assert.assertEquals("book1", bookList.get(0));
    Assert.assertEquals("book2", bookList.get(1));
    Assert.assertEquals("ZH", user.getAddress().getCountry());
  }
}

如果没有强制依赖第三方接口: @Autowired(required=false)

可以省略application-test.xml的配置 测试代码没什么变动

总结一下:

  1. 强制依赖接口,需要在xml里面使用工厂方法mock接口
  2. 非强制依赖,可以无需上面的步骤;
  3. 测试类使用@Mock注解来对接口进行模拟逻辑
  4. 把mock的接口,注入到需要测试的对象里
Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004 http://www.apache.org/licenses/ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 1. Definitions. "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License. "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity. "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License. "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files. "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types. "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below). "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof. "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution." "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work. 2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form. 3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. 4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions: You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License. You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License. 5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions. 6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file. 7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License. 8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages. 9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives. Copyright 2019 yuxiaobin Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

简介

Spring Test + Mockito 展开 收起
Java
Apache-2.0
取消

发行版

暂无发行版

贡献者

全部

近期动态

加载更多
不能加载更多了
Java
1
https://gitee.com/hadoobing/SpringMockTestSample.git
git@gitee.com:hadoobing/SpringMockTestSample.git
hadoobing
SpringMockTestSample
SpringMockTestSample
master

搜索帮助