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README
Apache-2.0

Colite

Colly Lite,Colly精简版,一个Golang实现的轻量、快速、易用的爬虫框架。

一、首先声明

版权归 Colly 所有版权归 Colly 所有版权归 Colly 所有

二、为啥要精简

  • 去掉条件检测、环境参数等非常用功能,实现更加轻便、更加快速。
  • 尽量减少依赖(仅依赖goquery包),压缩程序大小。
  • 重写代码也是学习框架的重要方法。^-^

三、精简的功能

1. 过滤域名和网址(colly.go - Collector.AllowedDomains Collector.URLFilters)

Colite聚焦逻辑比较清晰的网站数据抓取,一般需要限制抓取的域名和网址。

2. 最大抓取深度(colly.go - Collector.MaxDepth)

一般通过程序自行控制数据抓取的深度。

3. 缓存响应数据(colly.go - Collector.CacheDir httpBackend.Cache())

如果不允许重复访问同个网址(默认不允许,设置Collector.AllowURLRevisit启用),缓存响应数据作用不大。

4. 检测Robots.txt文件(colly.go - Collector.IgnoreRobotsTxt)

在抓取网站数据的,很少去检测Robots.txt文件吧。

5. 检测响应数据的符编码(colly.go - Collector.DetectCharset)

可以通过Request.ResponseCharacterEncoding来指定字符编码,去掉自动检查可以减少依赖

6. 发送GET请求之前先发送HEAD请求验证(colly.go - Collector.CheckHead)

一般也不会用到该功能。

7. 从环境变量设置抓取参数(colly.go - envMap)

可以自行通过配置程序来设置抓取的参数。

8. 通过函数设置程序参数(colly.go - CollectorOption)

Collector的参数很多是公开属性,可以直接设置属性进行配置。

9. Google App Engine模式(colly.go - Collector.Appengine())

在国内Google App Engine基本上用不了。

10. glob域名匹配规则(http_backend.go - LimitRule.DomainGlob)

程序中保留了正则表达式的域名匹配规则,去除glob模式可以减少依赖。

11. HTTPTrace(http_trace.go)

HTTPTrace主要用于分析网络请求性能,一般很少用到该功能。

12. 通过Content-Disposition生成安全文件名(response.go)

主要用于下载文件时防止出现乱码文件名,一般很少用到该功能。

13. 解析XML文档(xmlelement.go)

网站的数据大部分是HTML格式,很少用到XML解析功能。

14. 通过结构标签解析HTML文档生成结构(unmarshal.go)

解析结构标签需要使用反射功能,可能影响速度,而且抓取网站数据需要多次清洗数据,很难通过标签直接生成对应结构。

四、使用方法

1. 安装

go get -u gitee.com/i2worker/colite

2. 示例

func main() {
  // 生成Collector
  c := colite.NewCollector()

  // 查找并访问所有链接
  c.OnHTML("a[href]", func(e *colite.HTMLElement) {
    e.Request.Visit(e.Attr("href"))
  })

  // 打印访问的网站
  c.OnRequest(func(r *colite.Request) {
    fmt.Println("Visiting", r.URL)
  })

  // 开始抓取数据
  c.Visit("https://www.baidu.com")
}

详细文档及示例可阅读Colly官方文档

五、程序框架

1. Colite主要类图

Colite主要类图

2. Colite主要流程图

Colite主要流程

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Colly Lite,Colly精简版,一个Golang实现的轻量、快速、易用的爬虫框架。 展开 收起
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