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README
GPL-2.0

准备工作

已知有如下4张表:

学生表:student(学号,学生姓名,出生年月,性别)

成绩表:score(学号,课程号,成绩)

课程表:course(课程号,课程名称,教师号)

教师表:teacher(教师号,教师姓名)

一、创建数据库和表

为了演示题目的运行过程,我们先按下面语句在客户端HeidiSQL中创建数据库和表。

1、创建表

1.1、创建学生表(student)

1.2、创建成绩表(score)

创建"成绩表“。“课程表的“学号”和“课程号”一起设置为主键约束(联合主键),“成绩”这一列设置为数值类型(float,浮点数值)

1.3、创建课程表(course)

课程表的“课程号”设置为主键约束

1.4、教师表(teacher)

教师表的“教师号”列设置为主键约束,

教师姓名这一列设置约束为“null”(红框的地方不勾选),表示这一列允许包含空值(null)

2、向表中添加数据

2.1、学生表

insert into student(学号,姓名,出生日期,性别) 
values('0001' , '猴子' , '1989-01-01' , '男');

insert into student(学号,姓名,出生日期,性别) 
values('0002' , '猴子' , '1990-12-21' , '女');

insert into student(学号,姓名,出生日期,性别) 
values('0003' , '马云' , '1991-12-21' , '男');

insert into student(学号,姓名,出生日期,性别) 
values('0004' , '王思聪' , '1990-05-20' , '男');

2.2、成绩表(score)

insert into score(学号,课程号,成绩) 
values('0001' , '0001' , 80);

insert into score(学号,课程号,成绩) 
values('0001' , '0002' , 90);

insert into score(学号,课程号,成绩) 
values('0001' , '0003' , 99);

insert into score(学号,课程号,成绩) 
values('0002' , '0002' , 60);

insert into score(学号,课程号,成绩) 
values('0002' , '0003' , 80);

insert into score(学号,课程号,成绩) 
values('0003' , '0001' , 80);

insert into score(学号,课程号,成绩) 
values('0003' , '0002' , 80);

insert into score(学号,课程号,成绩) 
values('0003' , '0003' , 80);

2.3、课程表

insert into course(课程号,课程名称,教师号)
values('0001' , '语文' , '0002');

insert into course(课程号,课程名称,教师号)
values('0002' , '数学' , '0001');

insert into course(课程号,课程名称,教师号)
values('0003' , '英语' , '0003');

2.4、教师表

insert into teacher(教师号,教师姓名) 
values('0001' , '孟扎扎');

insert into teacher(教师号,教师姓名) 
values('0002' , '马化腾');

-- 这里的教师姓名是空值(null)
insert into teacher(教师号,教师姓名) 
values('0003' , null);

-- 这里的教师姓名是空字符串('')
insert into teacher(教师号,教师姓名) 
values('0004' , '');

50道面试题

为了方便学习,将50道面试题进行了分类

一、简单查询

查询姓“猴”的学生名单

1.查询姓“孟”老师的个数

select count(教师号)
from teacher
where 教师姓名 like '孟%';

二、汇总分析

2、查询课程编号为“0002”的总成绩

select sum(成绩)
from score
where 课程号 = '0002';

3、查询选了课程的学生人数

select count(distinct 学号) as 学生人数 
from score;

4、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分, 以如下的形式显示:课程号,最高分,最低分

select 课程号,max(成绩) as 最高分,min(成绩) as 最低分
from score
group by 课程号;

5、查询每门课程被选修的学生数

select 课程号, count(学号) as 人数
from score
group by 课程号;

6、查询男生、女生人数

select 性别,count(*) as 人数
from student
group by 性别;

7、查询平均成绩大于60分学生的学号和平均成绩

select 学号, avg(成绩) as 平均成绩
from score
group by 学号
having avg(成绩)>60;

8、查询至少选修两门课程的学生学号

select 学号, count(课程号) as 选修课程数目
from score
group by 学号
having count(课程号)>=2;

9、查询同名同姓学生名单并统计同名人数

select 姓名,count(*) as 人数
from student
group by 姓名
having count(*)>=2;

10、查询不及格的课程并按课程号从大到小排列

select 课程号
from score 
where 成绩<60
order by 课程号 desc;

11、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩升序排序,平均成绩相同时,按课程号降序排列

select 课程号, avg(成绩) as 平均成绩
from score
group by 课程号
order by 平均成绩 asc,课程号 desc;

12、检索课程编号为“0004”且分数小于60的学生学号,结果按按分数降序排列

select 学号
from score
where 课程号='0004' and 成绩 <60
order by 成绩 desc;

13、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过2人的课程才统计)

要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排序,若人数相同,按课程号升序排序

select 课程号, count(学号) as '选修人数'
from score
group by 课程号
having count(学号)>2
order by count(学号) desc,课程号 asc;

14、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩

select 学号, avg(成绩) as 平均成绩
from score
where 成绩 <60
group by 学号
having count(课程号)>2;

.

15、查询学生的总成绩并进行排名

select 学号 ,sum(成绩) as 总成绩
from score 
group by 学号
order by sum(成绩);

16、查询平均成绩大于60分的学生的学号和平均成绩

select 学号 ,avg(成绩) 
from score 
group by 学号  
having avg(成绩 )>60;

三、复杂查询

17、查询所有课程成绩小于60分学生的学号、姓名

select student.学号,姓名
from student,score
where 成绩<60 and student.`学号`=score.`学号`;

18、查询没有学全所有课的学生的学号、姓名

select score.学号,姓名
from student,score
group by score.学号
having count(课程号)<(select count(课程号) from course);

19、查询出只选修了两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名

select score.学号,姓名
from student,score
where student.`学号`=score.`学号`
group by score.`学号`
having count(课程号)=2;

20、1990年出生的学生名单

select 学号,姓名 
from student 
where year(出生日期)=1990; 

21、查询各学生的年龄(精确到月份)

select 学号,timestampdiff(month ,出生日期 ,now())/12 as 年龄
from student;

22、查询本月过生日的学生

select * 
from student 
where month (出生日期 )=month(now());

四、多表查询

23、查询所有学生的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩

selecta.学号,a.姓名,count(b.课程号) as 选课数,sum(b.成绩) as 总成绩
from student as a left join score as b
on a.学号 = b.学号
group by a.学号;

24、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

select a.学号,a.姓名, avg(b.成绩) as 平均成绩
from student as a left join score as b 
on a.学号 = b.学号
group by a.学号
having avg(b.成绩)>85;

25、查询学生的选课情况:学号,姓名,课程号,课程名称

select a.学号, a.姓名, c.课程号,c.课程名称
from student a 
inner join score b on a.学号=b.学号 
inner join course c on b.课程号=c.课程号;

26、查询出每门课程的及格人数和不及格人数

select 课程号,
sum(case when 成绩>=60 then 1 
	 else 0 
    end) as 及格人数,
sum(case when 成绩 <  60 then 1 
	 else 0 
    end) as 不及格人数
from score
group by 课程号;

27、使用分段[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[<60]来统计各科成绩,分别统计:各分数段人数,课程号和课程名称

select a.课程号,b.课程名称,
sum(case when 成绩 between 85 and 100 
	 then 1 else 0 end) as '[100-85]',
sum(case when 成绩 >=70 and 成绩<85 
	 then 1 else 0 end) as '[85-70]',
sum(case when 成绩>=60 and 成绩<70  
	 then 1 else 0 end) as '[70-60]',
sum(case when 成绩<60 then 1 else 0 end) as '[<60]'
from score as a right join course as b 
on a.课程号=b.课程号
group by a.课程号,b.课程名称;

28、查询课程编号为0003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名

select a.学号,a.姓名
from student  as a inner join score as b on a.学号=b.学号
where b.课程号='0003' and b.成绩>80;

.

29、检索"0001"课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的学生信息

思路如图:

.

select a.*,b.成绩 
from student as a 
inner join score as b 
on a.学号 =b.学号 
where b.成绩 <60 and b.课程号 =01
order by b.成绩 desc;

30、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示

【知识点】分组+条件+排序+多表连接,思路如图

.

select a.教师号,a.教师姓名,avg(c.成绩) 
from  teacher as a 
inner join course as b 
on a.教师号= b.教师号
inner join score  c on b.课程号= c.课程号
group by a.教师姓名
order by avg(c.成绩) desc;

31、查询课程名称为"数学",且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数

【知识点】多表连接,思路如图

select a.姓名,b.成绩 
from student as a 
inner join score as b 
on a.学号 =b.学号 
inner join course c on b.课程号 =c.课程号 
where b.成绩  <60 and c.课程名称 ='数学';

32、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数(与上题类似)

select a.姓名,c.课程名称,b.成绩
from student as a
Inner join score as b
on a.学号=b.学号
Inner join course c on b.课程号=c.课程号
where b.成绩>70;

33、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩

【知识点】分组+条件+多表连接

翻译成大白话:计算每个学号不及格分数个数,筛选出大于2个的学号并找出姓名,平均成绩,思路如图:

img

select b.姓名,avg(a.成绩),a.学号
from score as a
Inner join student as b
on a.学号=b.学号
where a.成绩<60
group by a.学号
having count(a.学号)>=2;

34、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

select distinct a.学号,a.成绩,a.课程号
from score as a
inner join score as b
on a.学号 = b.学号
where a.成绩 = b.成绩 and a.课程号 != b.课程号;

35、查询课程编号为“0001”的课程比“0002”的课程成绩高的所有学生的学号

select a.学号  
from 
(select 学号 ,成绩 from score where 课程号=01) as a
inner join 
(select 学号 ,成绩 from score where 课程号=02) as b
on a.学号 =b.学号 
inner join student c on c.学号 =a.学号 
where a.成绩 >b.成绩 ;

36、查询学过编号为“0001”的课程并且也学过编号为“0002”的课程的学生的学号、姓名

select a.学号  
from 
(select 学号 ,成绩 from score where 课程号=01) as a
inner join 
(select 学号 ,成绩 from score where 课程号=02) as b
on a.学号 =b.学号 
inner join student c on c.学号 =a.学号 
where a.成绩 >b.成绩 ;

37、查询学过“孟扎扎”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名

select s.学号,s.姓名,a.学号,b.课程号,c.教师号,c.教师姓名
from student as s
inner join score as a
on s.`学号`=a.学号
inner join course b on a.课程号=b.课程号
inner join teacher c on b.教师号= c.教师号
where c.教师姓名 ='孟扎扎';

38、查询没学过"孟扎扎"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名(与上题类似,"没学过"用not in来实现)

select 姓名,学号
from student
WHERE 学号 NOT IN(
select a.学号
from student as a
inner join score AS b
on a.学号 =b.学号
INNER	JOIN course AS c ON b.课程号=c.课程号
INNER	JOIN teacher AS d ON c.教师号=d.教师号
where d.教师姓名 ='孟扎扎');

39、查询没学过“孟扎扎”老师课的学生的学号、姓名(与上题类似)

select 学号, 姓名 
from student
where 学号 not  in
(select 学号 from score where 课程号=
(select 课程号 from course  where 教师号 = 
(select 教师号 from teacher where 教师姓名 ='孟扎扎')
)
);

40、查询选修“孟扎扎”老师所授课程的学生中成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩(与上题类似,用成绩排名,用 limit 1得出最高一个)

select a.姓名,b.成绩
From student as a
Inner join score as b on a.学号=b.学号
Inner join course as c on b.课程号=c.课程号
Inner join teacher as d on c.教师号=d.教师号
where d.教师姓名='孟扎扎'
order by b.成绩 desc limit 1;

41、查询至少有一门课与学号为“0001”的学生所学课程相同的学生的学号和姓名

select 学号,姓名
from student 
where 学号 in
(select distinct(学号) from score where 课程号 in
(select 课程号 from score where 学号=0001))
and 学号!=0001;

42、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

【知识点】多表连接 新建字段 ,思路如图

select a.学号,avg(a.成绩),
max(case when b.课程名称='数学' then a.成绩 else null end) AS 数学,
max(case when b.课程名称='语文' then a.成绩 else null end) AS 语文,
max(case when b.课程名称='英语' then a.成绩 else null end) AS 英语
from score as a
Inner join course as b
on a.课程号=b.课程号
group by a.学号;

五、SQL高级功能:窗口函数

43、查询学生平均成绩及其名次

【知识点】窗口函数排名,思路如图

select 学号,avg(成绩) as 平均成绩,row_number() over( order by avg(成绩) DESC) AS 名次
from score
group by 学号;

44、按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名

select 课程号,row_number() over(partition by 课程号 order BY 成绩) as 排名
from score;

45、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名学生姓名

【知识点】窗口函数排名+多表连接+条件

preview

select a.课程号,b.姓名,a.成绩,a.ranking from (
select 课程号,学号,成绩,row_number() over(partition by 课程号 order by 成绩 desc) as ranking
from  score) as a 
inner join student b on a.学号=b.学号 
where a.ranking<3;

45、查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及该课程成绩(与上一题相似)

select b.姓名,a.课程号,a.成绩 
from (
select 课程号,学号,成绩,row_number() over( partition by 课程号 order by 成绩 desc) as ranking
from  score ) as a 
inner join student as b 
on a.学号 =b.学号 
where a.ranking in(2,3);

46、查询各科成绩前三名的记录(不考虑成绩并列情况)(与上一题相似)

select b.姓名,a.课程号,a.成绩 
from(
select 课程号,学号,成绩,
row_number() over( partition by 课程号 order by 成绩 desc) as 'ranking'
from  score) as a 
inner join student as b 
on a.学号=b.学号 
where a.ranking<4;
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(This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.

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