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README
GPL-2.0

Ratel开发文档


简介

Ratel基于urllib和selenium实现request方式和模拟浏览器方式。
在模拟浏览器行为上采用两种浏览器:

  1. chrome浏览器,通过chromedriver实现chrome与selenium通信。(chromedriver下载地址:chromedriver,根据chrome版本选择对应的chromedriver)
  2. phantomjs无界面浏览器,通过phantomjsdriver实现phantomjs与selenium通信。(phantomjs下载地址: phantomjs,根据系统选择对应版本)

在两种操作方式上通过cookie传递可实现快速切换,例如:当进行论坛发布时,通常需要登录账号后才能发布,在模拟登录请求时个别参数难以分析,这时可以采用selenium进行模拟浏览器登录,就像人操作浏览器一样输入账号密码点击登录即可登录,然后将登录成功的cookie传递给request方法即可通过request方式进行发布操作。

在浏览器选择上推荐首选phantomjs,当个别站点页面phantomjs无法渲染时选择chrome浏览器,例如:QQ群管理页面只能通过真实的浏览器渲染页面。

在使用chrome浏览器时系统只能是Windows或Ubuntu系统。chrome现已不支持CentOS系统。若还需Java进行辅助操作只能选择Ubuntu系统或尝试使用除阿里云之外的云机器,因为在阿里云的Windows系统中Thread.sleep命令延时异常不精准可能会卡死。


安装

开发环境:

Ratel适用于Python3以上版本

扩展依赖:

selenium3.7.0(下载地址: Selenium3.7.0,下载后解压进入项目根目录通过命令:python setup.py install安装或通过pip直接安装,安装命令: pip install -U selenium)

安装方式:

进入Ratel-1.0根目录通过命令:python setup.py install安装


项目结构

输入图片说明

说明 模块 说明
collect 采集方式 request_basic 实现基于urllib的Request方式
-- -- webdriver_basic 实现基于selenium的模拟方式
common 通用模块 dict 通用字典,当前版本仅保存默认UA
main 主入口 do_task 任务执行入口
task 任务 task_basic 任务

运行流程

输入图片说明


快速入门

使用request方式执行任务

  1. 创建Task类(用于定义任务)
# 导入Task基类
from ratel.task.task_basic import Task


class RequestTask(Task):
    def __init__(self):
        """
        request方式的任务
        """
        self.__url = None
        self.__result = None

    @property
    def get_url(self):
        return self.__url

    def set_url(self, url):
        self.__url = url

    @property
    def get_result(self):
        return self.__result

    def set_result(self, result):
        self.__result = result


class SeleniumTask(Task):
    def __init__(self):
        """
        selenium方式的任务
        """
        self.__url = None
        self.__result = None

    @property
    def get_url(self):
        return self.__url

    def set_url(self, url):
        self.__url = url

    @property
    def get_result(self):
        return self.__result

    def set_result(self, result):
        self.__result = result
  1. 创建Dispose类(用于定义任务的处理结果)
# 导入Dispose基类
from ratel.task.task_basic import Dispose


class RequestDispose(Dispose):
    def __init__(self):
        self.__result = None

    @property
    def get_result(self):
        return self.__result

    def set_result(self, result):
        self.__result = result

    def __str__(self):
        return '<RequestDispose> result: %s' % self.__result


class SeleniumDispose(Dispose):
    def __init__(self):
        self.__result = None

    @property
    def get_result(self):
        return self.__result

    def set_result(self, result):
        self.__result = result

    def __str__(self):
        return '<SeleniumDispose> result: %s' % self.__result
  1. 创建Execute类(用于执行任务)
from ratel.task.task_basic import Execute
from task.demo_task import RequestTask, SeleniumTask
from dispose.demo_dispose import RequestDispose, SeleniumDispose
from ratel.collect.request_basic import Url, request_url
from ratel.collect.webdriver_basic import Driver

import time
import threading


class RequestExecute(Execute):
    def __init__(self):
        Execute.__init__(self)

    def get_task(self):
        """
        模拟取任务,任务可使用队列
        :return:
        """
        while True:
            # 模拟创建一条任务
            task = RequestTask()
            task.set_url(Url(url='http://www.baidu.com', method='GET'))
            # 将任务放入至队列
            self.put_task(task)
            time.sleep(10)

    def do_task(self):
        """
        模拟执行任务
        :return:
        """
        # 使用线程取任务, 可不使用
        threading.Thread(target=self.get_task, name='get_task', daemon=True).start()
        # 使用线程上报任务, 可不使用
        threading.Thread(target=self.up_task, name='up_task', daemon=True).start()
        while True:
            # 判断队列是否为空
            if not self.task_empty:
                try:
                    # 从队列中取出任务
                    task = self.poll_task
                    # 通知队列任务以取出
                    self.task_done()
                    # 执行任务
                    resp = request_url(url=task.get_url)
                    # 处理任务结果
                    task.set_result(self.dispose(resp))
                    self.put_success(task)
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)
            time.sleep(2)

    def dispose(self, result):
        """
        模拟处理任务
        :param result:
        :return:
        """
        # 将任务的处理结果放入上报队列
        request_dispose = RequestDispose()
        request_dispose.set_result(result)
        return request_dispose

    def up_task(self):
        """
        模拟上报任务
        :return:
        """
        while True:
            # 判断队列是否为空
            if not self.success_empty:
                # 取出任务
                task = self.poll_success
                self.success_done()
                # 模拟上报
                print(task.get_result)
            time.sleep(2)

    def end(self):
        """
        任务结束的处理,例如释放资源等
        :return:
        """
        pass


class SeleniumExecute(Execute):
    def __init__(self):
        Execute.__init__(self)

    def get_task(self):
        while True:
            task = SeleniumTask()
            task.set_url("http://www.baidu.com")
            self.put_task(task)
            time.sleep(10)

    def do_task(self):
        # 使用线程取任务, 可不使用
        threading.Thread(target=self.get_task, name='get_task', daemon=True).start()
        # 使用线程上报任务, 可不使用
        threading.Thread(target=self.up_task, name='up_task', daemon=True).start()
        while True:
            if not self.task_empty:
                try:
                    task = self.poll_task
                    self.task_done()
                    # 创建chromeDriver
                    driver_impl = Driver(driver_type='chrome', executable_path='/Users/xw/Documents/Tools/chromedriver')
                    driver = driver_impl.get_driver
                    # 打开浏览器并跳转到指定URL
                    driver.get(task.get_url)
                    # 等待页面加载
                    """
                        等待有3种方式
                        1).time.sleep(),最简单的方式但过于死板,不管页面是否加载完毕都要等待
                        2).driver.implicitly_wait(),较sleep稍好,但仍有局限性当超过等待时间页面未加载完毕会抛出异常
                        3).selenium.webdriver.support.wait模块中的WebDriverWait,可根据条件灵活的设置等待时间.
                        调用该类的until或until_not方法让程序每隔n秒去判断一下条件,看是否满足,如不满足,继续等待直至超时.
                        超时会抛出TimeoutException异常
                    """
                    time.sleep(5)
                    result = driver.page_source
                    driver.close()
                    task.set_result(self.dispose(result))
                    self.put_success(task)
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)
            time.sleep(2)

    def dispose(self, result):
        selenium = SeleniumDispose()
        selenium.set_result(result)
        return selenium

    def up_task(self):
        """
        模拟上报任务
        :return:
        """
        while True:
            # 判断队列是否为空
            if not self.success_empty:
                # 取出任务
                task = self.poll_success
                self.success_done()
                # 模拟上报
                print(task.get_result)
            time.sleep(2)

    def end(self):
        pass
  1. 创建Main(主程序入口)
# 导入do_task模块
import ratel.main.do_task as do_task

if __name__ == '__main__':
    do_task.do_pool()
  1. 创建*config.xml配置文件(*表示可使用任意前缀)
<!-- 可在任意目录下创建该文件 -->
<config>
    <options>
        <pool_size>10</pool_size>
    </options>
    <tasks>
        <task>
            <task_class>RequestExecute</task_class>
            <task_package>execute.demo_execute</task_package>
        </task>
    </tasks>
</config>
字段 说明
config 配置
options 系统属性设置
pool_size 进程池大小
tasks 任务集合
task 任务
task_class 执行类
task_package 执行类所在包
  1. 运行main.py开始执行程序

使用selenium方式执行任务

使用方法同request方式,只需将*config.xml中task_class改为SeleniumExecute即可

注:Selenium中关于webdriver的具体使用方法请参考: 文档1文档2


模块解析

task_basic模块(提供任务支持)

  1. Task类,作为任务基类.在开发中每一个任务类都应继承该类
  2. Dispose类,作为处理结果类,在开发中每一个结果类都应继承该类
  3. Execute类,作为任务执行类,在开发中每一个执行类都必须继承该类,否则不能执行任务
    Execute类中提供了两个队列,分别是任务队列和上报队列.该队列在__init__方法中初始化, 因此每一个继承该类的执行类都必须在__init__方法中调用基类的__init__方法,除非不使用队列存取任务.
    在使用队列时,通过*_empty方法判断队列是否为空,当队列为空时获取任务会抛出异常, 从队列中取完任务后应调用task_done方法通知队列删除当前任务.
    Execute类中还提供了五个方法:
方法 参数 说明
get_task 获取任务.任务可使用队列存放.推荐使用多线程调用该方法
do_task 执行任务.可在该方法内通过线程调用get_task和up_task实现异步获取上报任务
up_task 上报任务.任务可使用队列存放,推荐使用多线程调用该方法
dispose result 处理任务结果
end 任务结束后的处理,例如释放资源,持久化数据等

do_task模块(提供任务调度)

  1. do_pool方法通过读取config.xml以多进程执行任务.进程池默认大小为10可通过修改config.xml中的pool_size设置进程池大小

注: 推荐进程池大小大于config.xml中task的数量.
  当进程池大小小于总任务数量时多于的任务将延迟执行,直至进程池中有空闲时方能执行

  1. do_dict方法通过遍历传入的字典以多进程执行任务,字典中key为class_name,value为pack_name,进程池默认大小为10
  2. do方法以单进程执行单一任务

dict模块(提供默认设置)

header_default默认请求头,提供Chrome,Firefox,IE的请求头

request_basic模块(提供基于Request方式执行任务)

  1. Url类,创建请求
字段 默认值 说明
url 请求地址,必传.地址中必须包含http://或https://
method GET 请求方式,支持GET和POST
header Chrome_UA 请求头
data 请求参数,dict类型,此参数仅对POST方式有效
cookie CookieJar对象
proxy 代理ip
retry_num 3 异常重试次数
time_out 30 超时时间,单位秒
  1. Response类,请求响应
字段 默认值 说明
response_code 响应码
response_content 响应内容
cookie 响应cookie
request_url 请求url
cookie CookieJar对象
  1. request_url方法负责发送请求,参数为url(Url类对象), encodeing(请求参数编码,默认utf-8)

webdriver_basic模块(提供基于Selenium方式执行任务)

Driver类,创建webdriver

字段 默认值 说明
driver_type webdriver类型,仅支持chrome和phantomjs,必传
executable_path 驱动路径
headers 请求头,chrome仅支持设置UA
cookies cookie,dict类型
proxy 代理ip
loadimgs True 加载图片,推荐phantomjs禁止加载图片以加快请求速度

注:如需使用Firefox, IE 或其他浏览器请参考相关文档,如需在两种方式之间互传cookie需要注意转为对应的类型

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BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. 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It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. {description} Copyright (C) 2017 教传铎 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. {signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.

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Ratel基于urllib和selenium实现request方式和模拟浏览器方式。 展开 收起
Python
GPL-2.0
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