DotNetCoreArchitecture

This project is an example of architecture using new technologies and best practices.

The goal is to share knowledge and use it to create new projects.

Thanks for enjoying!

Build

Code Analysis

Technologies

Practices

Clean Code
SOLID Principles
DDD (Domain-Driven Design)
Code Analysis
Inversion of Control
Unit of Work Pattern
Repository Pattern
Database Migrations
Authentication
Authorization
Performance
Logging
DevOps

Run

Command Line

Prerequisites

Steps

Open directory source\Web\Frontend in command line and execute npm run restore.
Open directory source\Web in command line and execute dotnet run.
Open https://localhost:8090.

Visual Studio Code

Prerequisites

Steps

Open directory source\Web\Frontend in command line and execute npm run restore.
Open source directory in Visual Studio Code.
Press F5.

Visual Studio

Prerequisites

Steps

Open directory source\Web\Frontend in command line and execute npm run restore.
Open source\DotNetCoreArchitecture.sln in Visual Studio.
Set DotNetCoreArchitecture.Web as startup project.
Press F5.

Docker

Prerequisites

Docker

Steps

Execute docker-compose up --build -d --force-recreate in root directory.
Open http://localhost:8095.

Utils

Considerations

Some features and practices were made to facilitate learning and make the architecture as small as possible. For a real project, consider the following:

Do not use technologies and features that are not necessary.
Use DDD concepts, such as ubiquitous language, to express the domain.
Use Identity Server for authentication and authorization.
Separate ASP.NET Core API and Angular in different projects.
Apply CQRS with two databases (reading and writing) if the main purpose is performance.
Apply SignalR for real-time communication, avoid calls every x time.
Apply a message broker, such as RabbitMQ, for asynchronous and parallel processing.

Books

Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship - Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob)
Clean Architecture: A Craftsman's Guide to Software Structure and Design - Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob)
Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software - Eric Evans
Domain-Driven Design Reference: Definitions and Pattern Summaries - Eric Evans
Implementing Domain-Driven Design - Vaughn Vernon
Domain-Driven Design Distilled - Vaughn Vernon

Tools

Visual Studio Extensions

Visual Studio Code Extensions

Nuget Packages

Packages were created to make this architecture clean of common features for any solution.

Source: https://github.com/rafaelfgx/DotNetCore

Published: https://www.nuget.org/profiles/rafaelfgx

Layers

Web: API (ASP.NET Core) and Frontend (Angular).

Application: Flow control.

Domain: Business rules and domain logic.

Model: Enums and models.

Database: Database persistence.

Infra: Technical features.

CrossCutting: Generic features.

Web

Angular

Component

The Component class is responsible for being a small part of the application.

It must be as simple and small as possible.

@Component({ selector: "app-login", templateUrl: "./login.component.html" })
export class AppLoginComponent {
    form = this.formBuilder.group({
        login: ["", Validators.required],
        password: ["", Validators.required]
    });

    constructor(
        private readonly formBuilder: FormBuilder,
        private readonly appUserService: AppUserService) {
    }

    signIn() {
        this.appUserService.signIn(this.form.value);
    }
}

<form [formGroup]="form">
    <fieldset>
        <div>
            <app-label for="login" text="Login"></app-label>
            <app-input-text formControlName="login" text="Login" [autofocus]="true"></app-input-text>
        </div>
        <div>
            <app-label for="password" text="Password"></app-label>
            <app-input-password formControlName="password" text="Password"></app-input-password>
        </div>
        <div>
            <app-button text="Sign in" [disabled]="form.invalid" (click)="signIn()"></app-button>
        </div>
    </fieldset>
</form>

Model

The Model class is responsible for containing a set of data.

export class SignInModel {
    login!: string;
    password!: string;
}

Service

The Service class is responsible for accessing the API or containing logic that does not belong to component.

@Injectable({ providedIn: "root" })
export class AppUserService {
    constructor(
        private readonly http: HttpClient,
        private readonly router: Router,
        private readonly appTokenService: AppTokenService) { }

    add(addUserModel: AddUserModel) {
        return this.http.post<number>(`Users`, addUserModel);
    }

    delete(userId: number) {
        return this.http.delete(`Users/${userId}`);
    }

    list() {
        return this.http.get<UserModel[]>(`Users`);
    }

    select(userId: number) {
        return this.http.get<UserModel>(`Users/${userId}`);
    }

    signIn(signInModel: SignInModel): void {
        this.http
            .post<TokenModel>(`Users/SignIn`, signInModel)
            .subscribe((tokenModel) => {
                if (!tokenModel || !tokenModel.token) { return; }
                this.appTokenService.set(tokenModel.token);
                this.router.navigate(["/main/home"]);
            });
    }

    signOut() {
        if (this.appTokenService.any()) {
            this.http.post(`Users/SignOut`, {}).subscribe();
        }

        this.appTokenService.clear();
        this.router.navigate(["/login"]);
    }

    update(updateUserModel: UpdateUserModel) {
        return this.http.put(`Users/${updateUserModel.userId}`, updateUserModel);
    }
}

Guard

The Guard class is responsible for route security.

@Injectable({ providedIn: "root" })
export class AppRouteGuard implements CanActivate {
    constructor(
        private readonly router: Router,
        private readonly appTokenService: AppTokenService) { }

    canActivate() {
        if (this.appTokenService.any()) { return true; }
        this.router.navigate(["/login"]);
        return false;
    }
}

Error Handler

The ErrorHandler class is responsible for centralizing the management of all errors and exceptions.

@Injectable({ providedIn: "root" })
export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {
    constructor(private readonly injector: Injector) { }

    handleError(error: any) {
        if (error instanceof HttpErrorResponse) {
            switch (error.status) {
                case 401: {
                    const router = this.injector.get<Router>(Router);
                    router.navigate(["/login"]);
                    return;
                }
                case 422: {
                    const appModalService = this.injector.get<AppModalService>(AppModalService);
                    appModalService.alert(error.error);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }

        console.error(error);
    }
}

HTTP Interceptor

The HttpInterceptor class is responsible for intercepting request and response.

This interceptor adds JWT to header for every request.

@Injectable({ providedIn: "root" })
export class AppHttpInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
    constructor(private readonly appTokenService: AppTokenService) { }

    intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler) {
        request = request.clone({
            setHeaders: { Authorization: `Bearer ${this.appTokenService.get()}` }
        });

        return next.handle(request);
    }
}

Routes

The Routes constant is responsible for registering all lazy load routes.

Angular 8 introduced a new way of registering routes. Using imports, IDEs can validate paths and modules.

export const routes: Routes = [
    {
        path: "",
        component: AppParentComponent
        children: [
            { path: "view1", loadChildren: () => import("./views/view1/view1.module").then((module) => module.AppView1Module) },
            { path: "view2", loadChildren: () => import("./views/view2/view2.module").then((module) => module.AppView2Module) },
        ],
    }
];

ASP.NET Core

Postman

Import "postman.json" file into Postman.

Startup

The Startup class is responsible for configuring the API.

public class Startup
{
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder application)
    {
        application.UseException();
        application.UseRouting();
        application.UseCorsAllowAny();
        application.UseHttps();
        application.UseAuthentication();
        application.UseAuthorization();
        application.UseResponseCompression();
        application.UseResponseCaching();
        application.UseStaticFiles();
        application.UseEndpoints(endpoints => endpoints.MapControllers());
        application.UseSpa();
    }

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddLogger();
        services.AddCors();
        services.AddSecurity();
        services.AddResponseCompression();
        services.AddResponseCaching();
        services.AddControllers();
        services.AddMvcJson();
        services.AddSpa();
        services.AddFileService();
        services.AddApplicationServices();
        services.AddDatabaseServices();
        services.AddInfraServices();
        services.AddContext();
    }
}

Extensions

The Extensions class is responsible for adding and configuring services for dependency injection.

public static class Extensions
{
    public static void AddApplicationServices(this IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddMatchingInterface(typeof(IUserApplicationService).Assembly);
    }

    public static void AddContext(this IServiceCollection services)
    {
        var configuration = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>();

        var connectionString = configuration.GetConnectionString(nameof(Context));

        services.AddDbContextMigrate<Context>(options => options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));
    }

    public static void AddDatabaseServices(this IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddMatchingInterface(typeof(IUnitOfWork).Assembly);
    }

    public static void AddInfraServices(this IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddMatchingInterface(typeof(ISignInService).Assembly);
    }

    public static void AddSecurity(this IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddHash(10000, 128);
        services.AddJsonWebToken(Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), TimeSpan.FromHours(12));
        services.AddAuthenticationJwtBearer();
    }

    public static void AddSpa(this IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddSpaStaticFiles("Frontend/dist");
    }

    public static void UseSpa(this IApplicationBuilder application)
    {
        application.UseSpaAngularServer("Frontend", "development");
    }
}

Controller

The Controller class is responsible for receiving, processing, and responding requests.

It must be as simple and small as possible, without any rule or logic.

[ApiController]
[RouteController]
public class UsersController : BaseController
{
    public UsersController(IUserApplicationService userApplicationService)
    {
        UserApplicationService = userApplicationService;
    }

    private IUserApplicationService UserApplicationService { get; }

    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<IActionResult> AddAsync(AddUserModel addUserModel)
    {
        return Result(await UserApplicationService.AddAsync(addUserModel));
    }

    [AuthorizeEnum(Roles.Admin)]
    [HttpDelete("{userId}")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> DeleteAsync(long userId)
    {
        return Result(await UserApplicationService.DeleteAsync(userId));
    }

    [HttpGet("Grid")]
    public async Task<PagedList<UserModel>> GridAsync([FromQuery]PagedListParameters parameters)
    {
        return await UserApplicationService.ListAsync(parameters);
    }

    [HttpPatch("{userId}/Inactivate")]
    public async Task InactivateAsync(long userId)
    {
        await UserApplicationService.InactivateAsync(userId);
    }

    [HttpGet]
    public async Task<IEnumerable<UserModel>> ListAsync()
    {
        return await UserApplicationService.ListAsync();
    }

    [HttpGet("{userId}")]
    public async Task<UserModel> SelectAsync(long userId)
    {
        return await UserApplicationService.SelectAsync(userId);
    }

    [AllowAnonymous]
    [HttpPost("SignIn")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> SignInAsync(SignInModel signInModel)
    {
        return Result(await UserApplicationService.SignInAsync(signInModel));
    }

    [HttpPost("SignOut")]
    public Task SignOutAsync()
    {
        return UserApplicationService.SignOutAsync(new SignOutModel(UserModel.UserId));
    }

    [HttpPut("{userId}")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> UpdateAsync(UpdateUserModel updateUserModel)
    {
        return Result(await UserApplicationService.UpdateAsync(updateUserModel));
    }
}

Application

Application Service

The ApplicationService class is responsible for flow control. It uses validator, factory, domain, repository and unit of work, but it does not contain business rules or domain logic.

public sealed class UserApplicationService : IUserApplicationService
{
    public UserApplicationService
    (
        ISignInService signInService,
        IUnitOfWork unitOfWork,
        IUserLogApplicationService userLogApplicationService,
        IUserRepository userRepository
    )
    {
        SignInService = signInService;
        UnitOfWork = unitOfWork;
        UserLogApplicationService = userLogApplicationService;
        UserRepository = userRepository;
    }

    private ISignInService SignInService { get; }

    private IUnitOfWork UnitOfWork { get; }

    private IUserLogApplicationService UserLogApplicationService { get; }

    private IUserRepository UserRepository { get; }

    public async Task<IDataResult<long>> AddAsync(AddUserModel addUserModel)
    {
        var validation = new AddUserModelValidator().Valid(addUserModel);

        if (validation.IsError)
        {
            return DataResult<long>.Error(validation.Message);
        }

        addUserModel.SignIn = SignInService.CreateSignIn(addUserModel.SignIn);

        var userEntity = UserEntityFactory.Create(addUserModel);

        userEntity.Add();

        await UserRepository.AddAsync(userEntity);

        await UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();

        return DataResult<long>.Success(userEntity.UserId);
    }

    public async Task<IResult> DeleteAsync(long userId)
    {
        await UserRepository.DeleteAsync(userId);

        await UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();

        return Result.Success();
    }

    public async Task InactivateAsync(long userId)
    {
        var userEntity = UserEntityFactory.Create(userId);

        userEntity.Inactivate();

        await UserRepository.UpdateStatusAsync(userEntity);

        await UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
    }

    public async Task<PagedList<UserModel>> ListAsync(PagedListParameters parameters)
    {
        return await UserRepository.ListAsync<UserModel>(parameters);
    }

    public async Task<IEnumerable<UserModel>> ListAsync()
    {
        return await UserRepository.ListAsync<UserModel>();
    }

    public async Task<UserModel> SelectAsync(long userId)
    {
        return await UserRepository.SelectAsync<UserModel>(userId);
    }

    public async Task<IDataResult<TokenModel>> SignInAsync(SignInModel signInModel)
    {
        var validation = new SignInModelValidator().Valid(signInModel);

        if (validation.IsError)
        {
            return DataResult<TokenModel>.Error(validation.Message);
        }

        var signedInModel = await UserRepository.SignInAsync(signInModel);

        if (!SignInService.Validate(signedInModel, signInModel))
        {
            return DataResult<TokenModel>.Error(Texts.LoginPasswordInvalid);
        }

        var userLogModel = new UserLogModel(signedInModel.UserId, LogType.SignIn);

        await UserLogApplicationService.AddAsync(userLogModel);

        await UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();

        var tokenModel = SignInService.CreateToken(signedInModel);

        return DataResult<TokenModel>.Success(tokenModel);
    }

    public async Task SignOutAsync(SignOutModel signOutModel)
    {
        var userLogModel = new UserLogModel(signOutModel.UserId, LogType.SignOut);

        await UserLogApplicationService.AddAsync(userLogModel);

        await UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();
    }

    public async Task<IResult> UpdateAsync(UpdateUserModel updateUserModel)
    {
        var validation = new UpdateUserModelValidator().Valid(updateUserModel);

        if (validation.IsError)
        {
            return Result.Error(validation.Message);
        }

        var userEntity = await UserRepository.SelectAsync(updateUserModel.UserId);

        if (userEntity == default)
        {
            return Result.Success();
        }

        userEntity.ChangeEmail(updateUserModel.Email);

        userEntity.ChangeFullName(updateUserModel.FullName.Name, updateUserModel.FullName.Surname);

        await UserRepository.UpdateAsync(userEntity.UserId, userEntity);

        await UnitOfWork.SaveChangesAsync();

        return Result.Success();
    }
}

Domain

Entity

The Entity class is responsible for business rules and domain logic.

It must have an identity.

Property values must be assigned in the constructor and only be changed by methods.

public class UserEntity
{
    public UserEntity
    (
        long userId,
        FullName fullName,
        Email email,
        SignIn signIn,
        Roles roles,
        Status status
    )
    {
        UserId = userId;
        FullName = fullName;
        Email = email;
        SignIn = signIn;
        Roles = roles;
        Status = status;
    }

    public UserEntity(long userId)
    {
        UserId = userId;
    }

    public long UserId { get; private set; }

    public FullName FullName { get; private set; }

    public Email Email { get; private set; }

    public SignIn SignIn { get; private set; }

    public Roles Roles { get; private set; }

    public Status Status { get; private set; }

    public ICollection<UserLogEntity> UsersLogs { get; private set; }

    public void Add()
    {
        Roles = Roles.User;
        Status = Status.Active;
    }

    public void ChangeEmail(string address)
    {
        Email = new Email(address);
    }

    public void ChangeFullName(string name, string surname)
    {
        FullName = new FullName(name, surname);
    }

    public void Inactivate()
    {
        Status = Status.Inactive;
    }
}

Entity Factory

The EntityFactory class is responsible for creating the entity.

Using a factory, any change to instantiate the entity has only one place to modify.

public static class UserEntityFactory
{
    public static UserEntity Create(long userId)
    {
        return new UserEntity(userId);
    }

    public static UserEntity Create(AddUserModel addUserModel)
    {
        return new UserEntity
        (
            addUserModel.UserId,
            new FullName
            (
                addUserModel.FullName.Name,
                addUserModel.FullName.Surname
            ),
            new Email(addUserModel.Email),
            new SignIn
            (
                addUserModel.SignIn.Login,
                addUserModel.SignIn.Password,
                addUserModel.SignIn.Salt
            ),
            addUserModel.Roles,
            default
        );
    }
}

Value Object

The ValueObject class is responsible for grouping data that adds value to domain or an entity.

It must have no identity.

Property values must be assigned in the constructor and be immutable.

public sealed class SignIn : ValueObject
{
    public SignIn(string login, string password, string salt)
    {
        Login = login;
        Password = password;
        Salt = salt;
    }

    public string Login { get; }

    public string Password { get; }

    public string Salt { get; }

    protected override IEnumerable<object> GetEquals()
    {
        yield return Login;
        yield return Password;
        yield return Salt;
    }
}

Model

The Model class is responsible for containing a set of data.

public class SignInModel
{
    public string Login { get; set; }

    public string Password { get; set; }

    public string Salt { get; set; }
}

Model Validator

The ModelValidator class is responsible for validating the model with defined rules and messages.

public sealed class SignInModelValidator : Validator<SignInModel>
{
    public SignInModelValidator()
    {
        WithMessage(Texts.LoginPasswordInvalid);
        RuleFor(x => x.Login).NotEmpty();
        RuleFor(x => x.Password).NotEmpty();
    }
}

Enum

The Enum is responsible for being a set of named integer constants.

public enum Status
{
    None = 0,
    Active = 1,
    Inactive = 2
}

Database

Context

The Context class is responsible for configuring and mapping the database.

public sealed class Context : DbContext
{
    public Context(DbContextOptions options) : base(options) { }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
    {
        builder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly();
        builder.Seed();
    }
}

Context Factory

The ContextFactory class is responsible for generating Entity Framework Core Migrations.

When the entity model is changed, a new migration must be generated.

Then the application is executed and the database is updated automatically.

public sealed class ContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<Context>
{
    public Context CreateDbContext(string[] args)
    {
        var builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<Context>();

        builder.UseSqlServer("Server=(localdb)\\MSSQLLocalDB;Database=Database;");

        return new Context(builder.Options);
    }
}

Context Seed

The ContextSeed class is responsible for seeding initial data.

public static class ContextSeed
{
    public static void Seed(this ModelBuilder builder)
    {
        builder.SeedUsers();
    }

    private static void SeedUsers(this ModelBuilder builder)
    {
        builder.Entity<UserEntity>(x =>
        {
            x.HasData(new
            {
                UserId = 1L,
                Roles = Roles.User | Roles.Admin,
                Status = Status.Active
            });

            x.OwnsOne(y => y.FullName).HasData(new
            {
                UserEntityUserId = 1L,
                Name = "Administrator",
                Surname = "Administrator"
            });

            x.OwnsOne(y => y.Email).HasData(new
            {
                UserEntityUserId = 1L,
                Address = "administrator@administrator.com"
            });
        });
    }
}

Unit of Work

The UnitOfWork class is responsible for managing database transactions.

public sealed class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork
{
    public UnitOfWork(Context context)
    {
        Context = context;
    }

    private Context Context { get; }

    public Task<int> SaveChangesAsync()
    {
        return Context.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
}

Entity Configuration

The EntityConfiguration class is responsible for configuring and mapping the entity to table.

public sealed class UserEntityConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<UserEntity>
{
    public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<UserEntity> builder)
    {
        builder.ToTable("Users", "User");

        builder.HasKey(x => x.UserId);

        builder.Property(x => x.UserId).IsRequired().ValueGeneratedOnAdd();
        builder.Property(x => x.Roles).IsRequired();
        builder.Property(x => x.Status).IsRequired();

        builder.OwnsOne(x => x.FullName, y =>
        {
            y.Property(x => x.Name).HasColumnName(nameof(UserEntity.FullName.Name)).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(100);
            y.Property(x => x.Surname).HasColumnName(nameof(UserEntity.FullName.Surname)).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(200);
        });

        builder.OwnsOne(x => x.Email, y =>
        {
            y.Property(x => x.Address).HasColumnName(nameof(UserEntity.Email)).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(300);
            y.HasIndex(x => x.Address).IsUnique();
        });

        builder.OwnsOne(x => x.SignIn, y =>
        {
            y.Property(x => x.Login).HasColumnName(nameof(UserEntity.SignIn.Login)).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(100);
            y.Property(x => x.Password).HasColumnName(nameof(UserEntity.SignIn.Password)).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(500);
            y.Property(x => x.Salt).HasColumnName(nameof(UserEntity.SignIn.Salt)).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(500);
            y.HasIndex(x => x.Login).IsUnique();
        });

        builder.HasMany(x => x.UsersLogs).WithOne(x => x.User).HasForeignKey(x => x.UserId);
    }
}

Repository

The Repository class is responsible for abstracting and isolating data persistence.

The Entity Framework Core already implements repository and unit of work patterns.

But using a repository has some benefits:

Ensures separation of concepts.
Ensures naming convention for common methods.
Removes redundancy of common implementations.
Removes dependency of persistance technology.
Increases testability.

public sealed class UserRepository : EntityFrameworkCoreRelationalRepository<UserEntity>, IUserRepository
{
    public UserRepository(Context context) : base(context) { }

    public Task<SignedInModel> SignInAsync(SignInModel signInModel)
    {
        return SingleOrDefaultAsync<SignedInModel>
        (
            userEntity =>
            userEntity.SignIn.Login == signInModel.Login &&
            userEntity.Status == Status.Active
        );
    }

    public Task UpdateStatusAsync(UserEntity userEntity)
    {
        return UpdatePartialAsync(userEntity.UserId, new { userEntity.Status });
    }
}

Infra

Service

The Service class is responsible for providing technical functionality.

public class SignInService : ISignInService
{
    public SignInService
    (
        IHash hash,
        IJsonWebToken jsonWebToken
    )
    {
        Hash = hash;
        JsonWebToken = jsonWebToken;
    }

    private IHash Hash { get; }

    private IJsonWebToken JsonWebToken { get; }

    public SignInModel CreateSignIn(SignInModel signInModel)
    {
        var salt = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

        var password = Hash.Create(signInModel.Password, salt);

        return new SignInModel
        {
            Login = signInModel.Login,
            Password = password,
            Salt = salt
        };
    }

    public TokenModel CreateToken(SignedInModel signedInModel)
    {
        var claims = new List<Claim>();

        claims.AddSub(signedInModel.UserId.ToString());

        claims.AddRoles(signedInModel.Roles.ToString().Split(", "));

        return new TokenModel(JsonWebToken.Encode(claims));
    }

    public bool Validate(SignedInModel signedInModel, SignInModel signInModel)
    {
        if (signedInModel == default || signInModel == default) { return false; }

        var password = Hash.Create(signInModel.Password, signedInModel.SignIn.Salt);

        return signedInModel.SignIn.Password == password;
    }
}

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DotNetCoreArchitecture

Build

Code Analysis

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Utils

Nuget Packages

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Web

Angular

Component

Model

Service

Guard

Error Handler

HTTP Interceptor

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ASP.NET Core

Postman

Startup

Extensions

Controller

Application

Application Service

Domain

Entity

Entity Factory

Value Object

Model

Model

Model Validator

Enum

Database

Context

Context Factory

Context Seed

Unit of Work

Entity Configuration

Repository

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