diff --git a/runtime/tests/tooling/sampler/sampling_profiler_test.cpp b/runtime/tests/tooling/sampler/sampling_profiler_test.cpp
index 9c3ba11fd0017d2dc8fda6709c9e45bef92fd026..9a9aeb1b2ed0505087917d5237e69f9606d579bf 100644
--- a/runtime/tests/tooling/sampler/sampling_profiler_test.cpp
+++ b/runtime/tests/tooling/sampler/sampling_profiler_test.cpp
@@ -753,4 +753,34 @@ TEST_F(SamplerTest, ProfilerSamplerSignalHandlerTest)
     }
 }
 
+TEST_F(SamplerTest, AsptConverterCalculatePathDepth)
+{
+    ASSERT_EQ(AsptConverter::CalculatePathDepth("/a"), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(AsptConverter::CalculatePathDepth("a"), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(AsptConverter::CalculatePathDepth("a/"), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(AsptConverter::CalculatePathDepth("/a/b/c/d/"), 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ(AsptConverter::CalculatePathDepth("a/b/c/d"), 4);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SamplerTest, AsptConverterSubstituteDirectories)
+{
+    const char *stream_test_filename = "sampler_signal_handler_test.aspt";
+    AsptConverter conv(stream_test_filename);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> src {"/panda/build/pandastdlib", "/runtime/tests/tooling/", "/panda/build", "/panda"};
+    std::vector<std::string> dst {"/panda/build/pstdlib", "/runtime/tests/tling/", "/panda/build", "/pnda"};
+    conv.BuildSubstitutionMap(src, dst);
+
+    std::string path_stdlib {"/panda/build/pandastdlib/arkstdlib.abc"};
+    std::string path_app {"/panda/build/runtime/tests/tooling/sampler/sampling_profiler_test_ark_asm.abc"};
+    conv.SubstituteDirectories(&path_stdlib);
+    conv.SubstituteDirectories(&path_app);
+
+    std::string expected_path_stdlib {"/panda/build/pstdlib/arkstdlib.abc"};
+    std::string expected_path_app {"/panda/build/runtime/tests/tling/sampler/sampling_profiler_test_ark_asm.abc"};
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(path_stdlib, expected_path_stdlib);
+    ASSERT_EQ(path_app, expected_path_app);
+}
+
 }  // namespace panda::tooling::sampler::test
diff --git a/tools/sampler/aspt_converter.cpp b/tools/sampler/aspt_converter.cpp
index 15edfc19120803b2a1e69fad9f9e7a08b3aa09b0..0127cd75a76b339931dfeb1fa923b13e4cc3727e 100644
--- a/tools/sampler/aspt_converter.cpp
+++ b/tools/sampler/aspt_converter.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ bool AsptConverter::BuildModulesMap()
     for (auto &mdl : modules_) {
         std::string filepath = mdl.pathname;
 
-        if (substitute_directories_.has_value()) {
+        if (!substitution_map_.empty()) {
             SubstituteDirectories(&filepath);
         }
 
@@ -87,11 +87,15 @@ bool AsptConverter::BuildModulesMap()
 
 void AsptConverter::SubstituteDirectories(std::string *pathname) const
 {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < substitute_directories_->source.size(); ++i) {
-        auto pos = pathname->find(substitute_directories_->source[i]);
-        if (pos != std::string::npos) {
-            pathname->replace(pos, substitute_directories_->source[i].size(), substitute_directories_->destination[i]);
-            break;
+    for (const auto &map_it : substitution_map_) {
+        auto range = substitution_map_.equal_range(map_it.first);
+        for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
+            auto substitute_pair = it->second;
+            auto pos = pathname->find(substitute_pair.first);
+            if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+                pathname->replace(pos, substitute_pair.first.size(), substitute_pair.second);
+                return;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -239,10 +243,7 @@ bool AsptConverter::RunWithOptions(const Options &cli_options)
     build_cold_graph_ = cli_options.IsColdGraphEnable();
 
     if (cli_options.IsSubstituteModuleDir()) {
-        substitute_directories_ = {cli_options.GetSubstituteSourceStr(), cli_options.GetSubstituteDestinationStr()};
-        if (substitute_directories_->source.size() != substitute_directories_->destination.size()) {
-            LOG(FATAL, PROFILER) << "different number of strings in substitute option";
-        }
+        BuildSubstitutionMap(cli_options.GetSubstituteSourceStr(), cli_options.GetSubstituteDestinationStr());
     }
 
     if (cli_options.IsDumpModules()) {
@@ -252,4 +253,34 @@ bool AsptConverter::RunWithOptions(const Options &cli_options)
     return RunDumpTracesInCsvMode(outname);
 }
 
+void AsptConverter::BuildSubstitutionMap(const std::vector<std::string> &src, const std::vector<std::string> &dst)
+{
+    if (src.size() != dst.size()) {
+        LOG(FATAL, PROFILER) << "different number of strings in substitute option";
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < src.size(); ++i) {
+        if (src[i].empty()) {
+            LOG(FATAL, PROFILER) << "empty source substitution string";
+        }
+        substitution_map_.insert({CalculatePathDepth(src[i]), std::make_pair(src[i], dst[i])});
+    }
+}
+
+size_t AsptConverter::CalculatePathDepth(const std::string &path)
+{
+    size_t depth = 0;
+    std::string::size_type pos = 0;
+
+    while (true) {
+        pos = path.find('/', pos + 1);
+        if (pos == path.size() - 1 || pos == std::string::npos) {
+            break;
+        }
+        ++depth;
+    }
+
+    return depth + 1;
+}
+
 }  // namespace panda::tooling::sampler
diff --git a/tools/sampler/aspt_converter.h b/tools/sampler/aspt_converter.h
index e6cd3a43f344c3bd9d80d35d1e92a27b7d279f7c..af239cdafbc7e60ccd99ccd3a7f1325493ad85ac 100644
--- a/tools/sampler/aspt_converter.h
+++ b/tools/sampler/aspt_converter.h
@@ -24,21 +24,15 @@
 #include "tools/sampler/trace_dumper.h"
 #include "tools/sampler/args_parser.h"
 
-#include <optional>
-
 namespace panda::tooling::sampler {
 
-struct SubstituteModules {
-    std::vector<std::string> source;
-    std::vector<std::string> destination;
-};
-
 class AsptConverter {
 public:
     NO_COPY_SEMANTIC(AsptConverter);
     NO_MOVE_SEMANTIC(AsptConverter);
 
     using StackTraceMap = std::unordered_map<SampleInfo, size_t>;
+    using SubstitutionMap = std::multimap<size_t, std::pair<std::string, std::string>, std::greater<size_t>>;
 
     explicit AsptConverter(const char *filename) : reader_(filename) {}
     ~AsptConverter() = default;
@@ -51,6 +45,8 @@ public:
 
     void BuildMethodsMap();
 
+    void BuildSubstitutionMap(const std::vector<std::string> &src, const std::vector<std::string> &dst);
+
     void SubstituteDirectories(std::string *pathname) const;
 
     bool DumpModulesToFile(const std::string &outname) const;
@@ -65,6 +61,8 @@ public:
 
     static DumpType GetDumpTypeFromOptions(const Options &cli_options);
 
+    static size_t CalculatePathDepth(const std::string &path);
+
 private:
     SampleReader reader_;
 
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ private:
     DumpType dump_type_ {DumpType::THREAD_SEPARATION_BY_TID};
     bool build_cold_graph_ {false};
 
-    std::optional<SubstituteModules> substitute_directories_;
+    SubstitutionMap substitution_map_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace panda::tooling::sampler