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b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/README.md @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ A cellular network, also known as a mobile network, is a wireless communication In the development of cellular wireless communication, GSM, UMTS, LTE, and other network technologies are not the only mobile communication technologies. They are just the mainstream ones, while there are other less common mobile communication technologies. You can refer to the following mobile communication technology evolution roadmap, which not only illustrates how mobile communication technology has evolved from 2G to 4G, but also shows the relationship and development roadmap of other mobile communication technologies and the current mainstream communication technologies. -![移动通信发展历史](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/移动通信发展历史.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/cellular-history-1.png) To make it easier for you to understand, the development roadmap of mobile communication technology is simplified as follows: -![移动通信发展历史](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/移动通信发展简史.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/cellular-history-2.png) * 1G - Analog Era @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ To make it easier for you to understand, the development roadmap of mobile commu In a cellular network, the networking mode of mobile terminals involves data interaction through radio waves and base stations. The base stations send processed data to the operator's core network, and then the data is delivered to the external networks. -![LTE network architecture](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/组网方式.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/networking-mode.png) Taking the LTE network as an example, the networking mode of terminal devices is as follows: diff --git a/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/application.md b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/application.md index 4c49329b271766768d00722c1995265ae87e4ba6..783d22c6f15228765cf6323dbb0213b45a0ec98c 100644 --- a/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/application.md +++ b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/application.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Scenario 2: You have configured a specific NIC to be automatically activated at In both cases, only one cellular NIC is automatically activated at module startup. When using protocols such as socket, HTTP, and MQTT for network communication, the module does not need to specify the NIC and will automatically select the activated cellular NIC for network communication. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/无APN激活一路网卡.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/no-apn-activate-one-nic.png) In this scenario, you should follow the steps below to write the application code. @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ This scenario refers to the situation where you configure the correct APN for a In this case, when using protocols such as socket, HTTP, and MQTT for network communication, the module does not need to specify the NIC and will automatically select the activated cellular NIC for network communication. Depending on the configured APN, the module can access different networks, as shown in the following diagram. Please note that APN1 and APN2 in the diagram do not mean that the module can configure two APNs for one NIC at the same time, but represent different networks that can be accessed when different APNs are configured for one NIC. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/有APN激活一路网卡.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/apn-activate-one-nic.png) In this scenario, you should follow the steps below to write the application code. @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ When you configure the automatic activation of NIC1 and NIC2 at module startup, - The socket feature can be used to bind IP addresses and ports to determine which cellular NIC to use for network communication. If you do not specify, the NIC1 is used by default. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/有APN激活多路网卡.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/apn-activate-mutl-nic.png) > In QuecPython, when the module activates multiple cellular NICs and uses the socket feature for network communication, if you do not specify which NIC to use, the system will use the NIC with the smallest index by default. For example, if the module activates NIC1 and NIC2, NIC1 will be used. If the module activates NIC2 and NIC3, NIC2 will be used. @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ The scenario of manually activating a cellular NIC is relatively rare, mainly be In the scenario of manually activating a cellular NIC, you manually activate the cellular NIC and use it for network communication. The diagram is shown below. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/有APN激活一路网卡.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/apn-activate-one-nic.png) As can be seen from the diagram, the scenario is the same as that of "Automatically Activate One NIC at Startup and Configure APN". In this scenario, you should follow the steps below to write the application code. @@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ When you configure an APN that allows access to the public network for NIC1, and - Features like HTTP, HTTPS, and MQTT can only use NIC1 for network communication by default, and you cannot specify which NIC to use. - The socket feature can be used to bind IP addresses and ports to determine which cellular NIC to use for network communication. If you do not specify, the NIC1 is used by default. -![](../../../../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/有APN激活多路网卡.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/apn-activate-mutl-nic.png) In this scenario, you should follow the steps below to write the application code. diff --git a/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/exception-handling.md b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/exception-handling.md index 3ac7e0e30c0605a7b8a019819f8818e819f958d1..8ab627ec5f451855cf57d1907e68d00630728634 100644 --- a/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/exception-handling.md +++ b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/exception-handling.md @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Step 1: Connect the module to the USB port of the computer with a USB cable. Step 2: Open *QPYcom* on the computer, open the QuecPython REPL command port (NMEA Port in the figure), and enter interactive mode. -![打开QPYcom](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/QPYcom打开REPL.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/open-REPL-port.png) Step 3: In the command line, call the following API to check the network registration status. @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import sim sim.getStatus() ``` -![API查询SIM卡状态-未插卡](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/API查询SIM卡状态-未插卡.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/get-sim-status-0.png) If the return value of `sim.getStatus()` is 0, it means that the module does not detect a SIM card. In this case, you need to determine if a SIM card is inserted. If you have inserted a SIM card and the status value is still 0 after rebooting the module, the possible reasons are as follows: @@ -63,29 +63,29 @@ When the SIM card status value is 2, it means you have enabled PIN code verifica If you are using a China Unicom SIM card whose default PIN code is "1234", when the PIN code verification is enabled and the queried status value is 2, you can follow the steps below to restore it: -![SIM卡被PIN锁定](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/SIM启用PIN码验证.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/enable-pin.png) Step 1: Enter the PIN code for verification by calling the following function. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/PIN码验证.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/verify-pin.png) Step 2: Disable the PIN code verification. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/关闭PIN码验证.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/disable-pin.png) Step 3: Reboot the module and check the SIM card status again to see whether the return value is 1. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/重启后SIM卡状态恢复正常.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/get-sim-status-1.png) * When the SIM card status value is 3 -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/SIM卡被锁.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/get-sim-status-3.png) When the SIM card status value is 3, it means that this card has been locked. In this case, you need to use the PUK code to unlock it. The PUK code can usually be found on the standard SIM card, as shown in the following figure: -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/SIM卡PUK码位置.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/sim-puk.png) Please note that each SIM card has its PUK code. When unlocking the SIM card, you must make sure to enter the correct PUK code. If the PUK code is entered incorrectly multiple times (usually 10 times. You can contact the SIM card operator to query the specific number), the SIM card will be permanently locked and cannot be used again. @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Call the following function to unlock the SIM card. This function has two parame sim.unblockPin(puk, newPin) ``` -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/输入PUK解锁.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/unlock-pin-with-puk.png) From the above image, you can see that the SIM card has been successfully unlocked and the SIM card status has changed to 1. However, at this time, you have unlocked the SIM card but do not disable the PIN code verification. When you reboot the module, the SIM card status value will still be 2, indicating that you need to enter the PIN code for verification. Therefore, you can first disable the PIN code verification feature and then reboot the module. Of course, you can also unlock the SIM card, reboot the module, enter the PIN code for verification, and then disable the PIN code verification feature after successful verification. @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Step 2: Disable the PIN code verification feature. Please note that you must enter the latest PIN code when performing PIN code verification and disabling PIN code verification because you have set a new PIN code when unlocking the SIM card. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/使用最新设置的PIN码进行验证和关闭验证.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/verify-disable-with-new-pin.png) Step 3: Reboot the module and check whether the SIM card status is 1. @@ -119,11 +119,11 @@ That your SIM card is in arrears is somewhat special because the situation may v Situation 1: The SIM card status value is 1, the module has successfully registered on the network, and the cellular NIC has also been activated successfully, but network services, such as sending or receiving data, cannot be performed. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/无线网卡激活成功.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/cellular-nic-atcivate-successful.png) Situation 2: The SIM card status value is 1, but the network registration fails. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/SIM卡状态为1但是注网失败.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/sim-status-is-1-network-register-failed.png) > Please note that the SIM card in arrears is just the possible not the necessary reason for situation 2. @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Situation 2: The SIM card status value is 1, but the network registration fails. Network registration failure refers to the scenario where the module has successfully detected the SIM card, that is, the return value of `sim.getStatus()` is 1, but the network registration status returned by `net.getState()` is neither 1 nor 5. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/SIM卡状态为1但是注网失败.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/sim-status-is-1-network-register-failed.png) There are five possible reasons for network registration failure: @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ net.csqQueryPoll() The operation is as follows: -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/csq查询.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/get-csq.png) Many factors can affect the RF performance of the module, such as antenna absence, poor antenna performance, closed environment, lack of RF parameter calibration, hardware design flaws, or damaged RF components. Among these factors, you can directly check the following two: @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ The above are just some common reasons that may prevent the module from register Cellular NIC activation failure refers to the situation where the module has successfully registered to the network, but the NIC fails to be activated, that is, the module has successfully registered to the network, but did not get IP information. The return value is shown below. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/无线网卡激活失败.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/cellular-nic-activate-failed.png) There may be three possible reasons for this situation: @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ Step 1: Check whether there is a *`datacall_config.json`* file in the *`usr`* di If there is a *`datacall_config.json`* file in the *`usr`* directory as shown in the following figure, it means that you have configured automatic activation or automatic reconnection of the NIC. If the file does not exist, there is no need to proceed with the following steps. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/QPYcom查看usr目录是否有拨号配置文件.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/datacall-config-file.png) Step 2: Open the *`datacall_config.json`* file to further confirm the configuration of each NIC. @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ There are two solutions to restore the automatic activation of the NIC at startu * Solution 1: Delete the *`datacall_config.json`* file in the *`usr`* directory and reboot the module. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/QPYcom删除拨号配置文件.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/delete-datacall-config-file.png) * Solution 2: Call `dataCall.setAutoActivate()` method to enable the automatic activation of a specific NIC at startup, and then reboot the module. @@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Here is an example of enabling the automatic activation and automatic reconnecti >>> dataCall.setAutoConnect(1, 1) # Enable the automatic reconnection of the first NIC ``` -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/开启第一路网卡自动激活和自动重连.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/enable-auto-activate-connect.png) diff --git a/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/hardware-arch.md b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/hardware-arch.md index 98a85d26a01f0405e23c1dc5f7dc125b64ceb0ab..ec1db8d1b16979b6414f586edc0dbe12e4d9b96a 100644 --- a/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/hardware-arch.md +++ b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/hardware-arch.md @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ 下图是LTE网络架构中，控制面的协议栈分层结构示意。 -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/控制面分层结构.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/lte-control-plane.png) 由于控制面对用户来说是无感的，并且也不是由用户来直接控制。这里不再详述，如果用户想了解更详细的情况，可以参考[3GPP TS 23401](https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/23_series/23.401)协议文档的Control Plane章节。 @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ 应用层只存在于终端设备和应用服务器中，是基于IP传输的。用户数据先经过蜂窝无线网卡的层层处理，然后通过无线接口发送到基站，再通过核心网的网关进行路由，最终达到目的地。 -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/用户面分层结构.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/lte-user-plane.png) @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ 如下是基于蜂窝无线网卡硬件结构的数据流向图。基于该图，可以看到，用户数据在软件上先依次经过TCP/UPD层、IP层、PDCP层、RLC层、MAC层，最终达到物理层（即蜂窝无线网卡）。当数据到达基带部分，会被编码调制，并经过射频部分处理转换为电磁波这种模拟信号，最后再经过功率放大器处理后，通过射频天线发送出去，到达基站。再结合基于蜂窝无线网络分层结构的数据流向图，数据如何从UE达到目的地的过程就很明确了。 -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/硬件数据流.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/hardware-data-stream.png) @@ -98,4 +98,4 @@ 下面是基于蜂窝无线网络分层结构的数据和信令流程示意。 -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/数据流.png) \ No newline at end of file +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/data-stream.png) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/initialization.md b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/initialization.md index 30743a30a811c8dee2322c9c39ab7d6db03a8341..7e684a0ad08feb1a9970e673e6db898614ea94d8 100644 --- a/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/initialization.md +++ b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/initialization.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ The initialization process of a cellular NIC includes the following stages: -![无线网卡初始化流程](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/网卡初始化流程.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/cellular-nic-init.png) ## Hardware Initialization @@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ Step 1: Connect the terminal device to the computer's USB port using a USB cable Step 2: Open *QPYcom* on the computer, select the AT port, and open the port with the configuration parameters as shown in the figure. -![AT查询网络注册状态](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/QPYcom打开AT口.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/open-at-port.png) Step 3: Send the AT query command to check the network registration status. -![网络注册成功](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/AT查询网络注册成功.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/at-creg.png) **Method 2: QuecPython API** @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Step 1: Connect the terminal device to the computer's USB port using a USB cable Step 2: Open *QPYcom* on the computer, select the USB NMEA port (REPL command port of QuecPython), and enter the interactive mode. -![打开QPYcom](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/QPYcom打开REPL.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/open-REPL-port.png) Step 3: In the command line, call *net.getState()* to query the network registration status as follows. @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ import net net.getState() ``` -![注网状态查询](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/API查询网络注册成功.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/get-network-register.png) When the parameter indicated by the red box in the figure in the return value of `net.getState()` is `1` or `5`, it means that the network registration is successful. `1` indicates registration on the home network, and `5` indicates registration on a roaming network. @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ dataCall.getInfo(profileID, ipType) The first parameter `profileID` indicates which NIC, and the second parameter `ipType` indicates the IP protocol type. QuecPython automatically activates the first cellular NIC at startup and uses the IPv4 protocol type, so you can set `profileID` to 1 and `ipType` to 0 when querying the NIC activation status. -![拨号信息查询](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/API查询拨号结果.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/get-datacall-infos.png) When the return value of the `dataCall.getInfo()` method indicates that the NIC activation status is `1` and the IP is not `0.0.0.0`, it means that the NIC is activated successfully. diff --git a/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/mechanism.md b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/mechanism.md index b1564c83cb15cde512af6a590651ffb690598d6c..4ff614b8920ef2851df8228528e6b53429752d7a 100644 --- a/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/mechanism.md +++ b/docs/Application_guide/en/network-comm/nic/cellular/mechanism.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The following diagram shows the process of automatic activation of the QuecPytho * Stage 3: The previous two stages mainly involve parameter configuration, and this stage involves the actual activation of the NIC. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/QuecPython网卡激活机制.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/QuecPython-cellular-nic-activation-mechanism.png) The following will introduce the various processing mechanisms of the QuecPython cellular NIC based on the above flowchart for details. @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Based on the flowchart above, you can see that the system will first determine t The basic working principle of the automatic reconnection mechanism of the cellular NIC is as follows: -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/自动重连基本流程.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/auto-connect.png) The system will monitor the connection status between the device and the NIC. When the network is disconnected and the factors causing the network exception disappear, the device will automatically initiate the attach procedure to re-register on the network. Once the registration is successful, the system will reactivate the NIC based on the parameters configured before. @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ The process of checking whether the network is ready by using `checkNet` is show - Stage 3: Finally, check the activation status of the cellular NIC. If the cellular NIC has been activated successfully, return the check result directly; otherwise, wait for the cellular NIC to be activated until the timeout is reached before returning. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/checkNet机制.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/checkNet.png) ## Network Event Listening @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ As mentioned before, APN is a required parameter when a terminal device connects Therefore, when you want your products to connect to public networks (Internet) while also access some dedicated networks, you can use multiple NICs. In this case, you need to configure different APNs for different NICs and then activate the NICs. -![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/多路蜂窝无线网卡.png) +![](../../../media/network-comm/nic/cellular/multi-cellular-nics.png) ### Description