# Multilingual-PR **Repository Path**: qq2524/Multilingual-PR ## Basic Information - **Project Name**: Multilingual-PR - **Description**: No description available - **Primary Language**: Unknown - **License**: Not specified - **Default Branch**: main - **Homepage**: None - **GVP Project**: No ## Statistics - **Stars**: 0 - **Forks**: 0 - **Created**: 2026-02-18 - **Last Updated**: 2026-02-18 ## Categories & Tags **Categories**: Uncategorized **Tags**: None ## README # Multilingual-PR Implementation of the project ```Self-supervised pretraining for phoneme recognition, and generalization on foreign languages``` > Authors: [Apavou ClΓ©ment](https://github.com/clementapa) & [Belkada Younes](https://github.com/younesbelkada) & [Leo Tronchon](https://github.com/leot13) & [Arthur Zucker](https://github.com/ArthurZucker) ![Python](https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-green.svg?style=plastic) ![PyTorch](https://img.shields.io/badge/PyTorch-orange.svg?style=plastic) ![PyTorch Lightning](https://img.shields.io/badge/PyTorch-Lightning-blueviolet.svg?style=plastic)

This repository is powered by HuggingFace :hugs:, Pytorch-Lightning and Weight & Biases. ## :bird: Introduction The scarcity of annotated data, and the heavy cost of producing them, limits our ability to train deep neural network for audio processing tasks.Therefore, the speech community developed feature learning methods with a minimal need for annotated data, which mostly fall under unsupervised and self-supervised techniques. Recently, the rise of self-supervised learning methods for textual modality has outperformed state-of-the-art methods on downstream tasks, by fine-tuning the pretrained models on a relatively small amount of data. These approaches have recently been tested for other modalities such as images and audios. Phoneme recognition is an exciting challenge that involves processing a raw audio recording and predict the corresponding sequence of phonemes that are pronounced by the speaker. Throughout this project, we will compare specifically three different self-supervised models, Wav2vec (2019, 2020), HuBERT (2021) and WavLM (2022) pretrained on a corpus of English speech that we will use in various ways to perform phoneme recognition for different languages with a network trained with Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) algorithm. Different questions will be addressed: + *What is the impact of choosing English as a pretrained language, especially for languages that are very different from English? Which method(s) works best for transferring knowledge from English to other languages?* + *Which method allows to extract the best features for phoneme recognition?* + *What is the influence of the abundance of training data on the performance of models?* In this project, we address these questions by drawing conclusions from our experiments. ## :sparkles: Main features + Modularity between SOTA models in self-supervision for speech + Freedom to select any languages available on CommonVoice hosted at [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/datasets/common_voice). + Nice visualization tool through wandb. ## :pencil2: Network Architecture for phoneme recognition

Diagram of the models used for the experiments. N=22 and h=1024 for HuBERT Large and WavLM Large, and N=11 and h=768 for Wav2vec2 Base and WavLM Base. Made by us.

## :books: Languages for which phoneme dictionaries are available Dutch (du), Spanish (es), French (fr), Italian (it), Kyrgyz (ky), Russian (ru), Sweedish (sv), Turkish (tr), Tatar (tt) and Mandarin (zh). From https://github.com/facebookresearch/CPC_audio. ## :star2: Usage Please refer to our [example notebook](https://github.com/ASR-project/Multilingual-PR/blob/main/train_notebook.ipynb) if you want to train or test a model. To understand the command line arguments that you can use, run: ``` Hparams ['parameters.hparams']: Hyperparameters of for the run --wandb_entity str wandb (default: asr-project) --debug bool (default: False) --test bool test code before running, if testing, no checkpoints are written (default: True) --wandb_project str (default: test-asr) --root_dir str root_dir (default: /home/arthur/Work/MVA-S2/Speech/Multilingual-PR) --seed_everything [int] basic params (default: None) --gpu int number or gpu (default: 1) --hparams.max_epochs int maximum number of epochs (default: 100) --weights_path str (default: /home/arthur/Work/MVA-S2/Speech/Multilingual-PR/weights) --tune_lr bool modes (default: False) --dev_run bool (default: False) --train bool (default: True) --best_model str (default: ) --log_freq_audio int (default: 10) --log_nb_audio int (default: 2) --val_check_interval float trainer params (default: 1.0) --limit_train_batches float 1.0 (default: 1.0) --limit_val_batches float 1.0 (default: 1.0) --enable_progress_bar bool (default: True) --best_model_run str testing params (default: WavLM_sv) --early_stopping bool Early Stopping (default: True) --early_stopping_params typing.Dict[str, typing.Any] (default: {'monitor': 'val/per', 'patience': 10, 'mode': 'min', 'verbose': True}) DatasetParams ['parameters.data_param']: Dataset Parameters ! The batch_size and number of crops should be defined here --dataset_name str Hugging Face datasets parameters (default: common_voice) --use_auth_token bool True if use mozilla-foundation datasets (default: False) --subset str (default: sv-SE) --download_mode str chosen language (see https://huggingface.co/datasets/common_voice) (default: reuse_dataset_if_exists) --cache_dir str (default: /home/arthur/Work/MVA-S2/Speech/Multilingual-PR/assets) --language str to create vocabulary of phonemes (default: sv) --root_path_annotation str (default: /home/arthur/Work/MVA-S2/Speech/Multilingual-PR/assets/common_voices_splits) --phoible_csv_path str (default: /home/arthur/Work/MVA-S2/Speech/Multilingual-PR/assets) --num_workers int Dataloader parameters (default: 20) --batch_size int (default: 2) --max_input_length_in_sec float Dataset processing parameters (default: 5) --num_proc int (default: 4) --create_dataset bool (default: False) NetworkParams ['parameters.network_param']: NetworkParams(network_name: str = 'WavLM', pretrained_name: Union[str, NoneType] = '', freeze: bool = True, freeze_transformer: bool = True, eos_token: str = '', bos_token: str = '', unk_token: str = '', pad_token: str = '', word_delimiter_token: str = '|') --network_name str Hubert, Wav2Vec2, WavLM (default: WavLM) --pretrained_name [str] (default: ) --freeze bool (default: True) --freeze_transformer bool (default: True) --eos_token str Phoneme Tokenizer (default: ) --bos_token str (default: ) --unk_token str (default: ) --pad_token str (default: ) --word_delimiter_token str (default: |) OptimizerParams ['parameters.optim_param']: Optimization parameters --optimizer str (default: AdamW) --lr float (default: 0.02) --weight_decay float (default: 1e-08) --accumulate_grad_batches int 1 for no accumulation (default: 16) --scheduler [str] Scheduler parameters (default: None) --optim_param.max_epochs int Cosine, ReduceLROnPlateau, MultiStepLR, StepLR or None Cosine scheduler (default: 10) --warmup_epochs int (default: 1) --warmup_start_lr float (default: 0.0006) --eta_min float (default: 5e-06) --step_size int Step LR scheduler (default: 2) --gamma float also for multi step lr (default: 0.1) --milestones str MultiStepLR scheduler (default: [8, 10, 15]) --min_lr float ReduceLROnPlateau scheduler (default: 5e-09) --patience int (default: 10) ``` ## :sound: Dataset The project is based on [Mozilla CommonVoice dataset](https://commonvoice.mozilla.org/fr) available on [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/datasets/common_voice). When the script is launched, the program will automatically download the correct dataset and transform ground truth sentences to phonemes using [phonemizer](https://github.com/bootphon/phonemizer). You are free to chose any dataset available on HuggingFace with phonemes dictionaries previously cited to run your models. For our experiments we use: ``` it, nl, tr, ru, sv-SE ``` Feel free to try any other languages and submit a Pull Request :electric_plug:. ## :paperclip: Pre-trained models

Schema of Wav2vec2, HuBERT and WavLM.

For our experiments, we used models hosted on Hugging Face library, that are pre-trained on 960 hours of **English** audio data from Librispeech dataset on 16kHz sampled speech audio. The following pre-trained models were used: - Wav2vec2 *Base*: [facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h](https://huggingface.co/facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h) - WavLM *Base*: [microsoft/wavlm-base](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/wavlm-base) - WavLM *Large*: [microsoft/wavlm-large](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/wavlm-large) - HuBERT *Large*: [facebook/hubert-large-ls960-ft](https://huggingface.co/facebook/hubert-large-ls960-ft) ## :family: Language Family
The language family tree can be found in the following figure. This gives insight on the genetic proximity of each language.

| Language | Family | Proximity with English | |----------|--------|------------------------| | Italian :it: |Β *Romance* | 47.8 | | Russian :ru: | *East Slavic* | 60.3 | | Dutch πŸ‡³πŸ‡± | *West Germanic* | 27.2 | | Swedish πŸ‡ΈπŸ‡ͺ | *North Germanic* | 26.7 | | Turkish :tr: | *Turkic* | 92.0 |

Genetic proximity between languages studied and english computed [here](http://www.elinguistics.net/Compare_Languages.aspx). [1, 30]: Highly related languages, [30, 50]: Related languages, [50, 70]: Remotely related languages, [70, 78]: Very remotely related languages, [78, 100]: No recognizable relationship.

**English** is a part of the *West Germanic* family.\ Source: https://github.com/espeak-ng/espeak-ng/blob/master/docs/languages.md and http://www.elinguistics.net/Compare_Languages.aspx ## :chart_with_upwards_trend: Main results dataset: Common Voice Corpus 6.1 : https://commonvoice.mozilla.org/fr/datasets Pretrained English models to other languages ### πŸš€ Fine-tuning | Language | Training data (in hours) | Model| PER validation | PER test | Runs| |-|-|-|-|-|-| | Italian :it: | 62\.34| Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 19\.05| 17\.95 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | Hubert *Large* | **14\.05** | **12\.67** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Base* | 19\.83 | 25\.60 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | Russian :ru: | 15\.55 | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 32\.16 | 31\.66 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | Hubert *Large* | 25\.10 | 24\.09 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Base* | **20\.25** | **18\.88** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | Dutch πŸ‡³πŸ‡± | 12\.78 | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 16\.18 | 20\.83 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | Hubert *Large* | **12\.77** | **16\.49** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Base* | 15\.96 | 19\.91 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | Swedish πŸ‡ΈπŸ‡ͺ | 3\.22 | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 26\.50 | 24\.16 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | Hubert *Large* | **21\.77** | **19\.38** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Base* | 26\.86 | 24\.61 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | Turkish :tr: | 2\.52 | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 19\.62 | 19\.03 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | Hubert *Large* | **15\.51** | **14\.19** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Base* | 19\.85 | 18\.95 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | Average | \- | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 22\.70 | 22\.73 | | | | | Hubert *Large* | **17\.84** | **17\.36** | | | | | WavLM *Base* | 20\.55 | 21\.59 | |

Table of experiments when models are **fine tuned**. Here, we compare 3 different pretrained models. The models were fine tuned on the phoneme recognition task with different languages and a varying amount of training data.

### 🧊 Frozen Features | Language | Training data (in hours) | Model | PER validation | PER test | Runs | |-|-|-|-|-|-| | Italian :it: | 62\.34 | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 38\.94 | 36\.84 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Base* | **27\.29** | **25\.98** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | Hubert *Large* | 23\.85 | 21\.15 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Large* | **21\.02** | **18\.80** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | Russian :ru: | 15\.55 | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 50\.11 | 48\.69 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Base* | **40\.66** | **38\.76** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | Hubert *Large* | 38\.36 | 36\.18 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Large* | **34\.48** | **32\.26** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | Dutch πŸ‡³πŸ‡±| 12\.78 | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 40\.15 | 39\.23 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Base* | **34\.94** | **35\.67** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | Hubert *Large* | **27\.62** | **26\.68** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Large* | 27\.71 | 27\.19 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | Swedish πŸ‡ΈπŸ‡ͺ | 3\.22 | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 50\.30 | 45\.23 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Base* | **43\.65** | **40\.55** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | Hubert *Large* | 37\.34 | **32\.68** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Large* | **37\.25** | 33\.14 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | Turkish :tr: | 2\.52 | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 53\.92 | 52\.08 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Base* | **47\.18** | **45\.53** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | Hubert *Large* | 39\.55 | 37\.08 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | | | WavLM *Large* | **30\.66** | **30\.14** | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | Average | \- | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 46\.68 | 44\.41 | | | | | WavLM *Base* | **38\.74** | **37\.30** | | | | | Hubert *Large* | 33\.34 | 30\.75 | | | | | WavLM *Large* | **30\.22** | **28\.31** | |

Table of experiments using **frozen features**. Here, we compare 4 different pretrained models. The objective was to train a linear layer, using pretrained models' frozen features, on the phoneme recognition task with different languages and a varying amount of training data.

### ⌚ Training data | Training set | Training data | Model | PER validation | PER test | Runs | |-|-|-|-|-|-| | 5% | \~ 10 min | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 55\.35 | 50\.91 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | || Hubert *Large* | 44\.96 | 39\.38 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | || WavLM *Base* | 56\.22 | 51\.25 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | 10% | \~ 20 min | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 52\.97 | 49\.01 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | || Hubert *Large* | 42\.61 | 37\.50 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | || WavLM *Base* | 46\.54 | 43\.64 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | 50% | \~ 2 h | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 51\.23 | 46\.24 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | || Hubert *Large* | 39\.91 | 35\.27 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | || WavLM *Base* | 44\.57 | 42\.33 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | 100% | \~ 3 h | Wav2Vec2 *Base* | 50\.30 | 45\.23 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | || Hubert *Large* | 37\.34 | 32\.68 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() | | || WavLM *Base* | 43\.65 | 40\.55 | [![](https://github.com/wandb/assets/blob/main/wandb-github-badge-gradient.svg)]() |

Variation in the amount of training data with frozen features of models pre-trained with the 3 different methods. Language: Swedish πŸ‡ΈπŸ‡ͺ.

PER on the test and validation sets vs Training data for the Swedish language with frozen features.

## :pushpin: Project structure ``` β”œβ”€β”€ agents | β”œβ”€β”€ BaseTrainer.py | β”œβ”€β”€ assets # database and vocab phonemes are put here | β”œβ”€β”€ config | β”œβ”€β”€ hparams.py # configuration file | β”œβ”€β”€ Datasets | | | β”œβ”€β”€ datamodule.py #Β datamodules PyTorch lightning for CommonVoice dataset | β”œβ”€β”€ models | β”œβ”€β”€ BaseModule.py # lightning module | β”œβ”€β”€ models.py # Wav2vec2 WavLM and Hubert using Hugging Face library | β”œβ”€β”€ utils # utils functions | β”œβ”€β”€ agent_utils.py | β”œβ”€β”€ callbacks.py | β”œβ”€β”€ dataset_utils.py | β”œβ”€β”€ logger.py | β”œβ”€β”€ metrics.py | β”œβ”€β”€ per.py # torch metrics implementation of the phoneme error rate | β”œβ”€β”€ hparams.py # configuration file | β”œβ”€β”€ main.py # main script to launch for training of inference | └── README.md ``` ## ⚑ Powered by

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