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README
Apache-2.0

简介

欢迎使用腾讯云开发者工具套件(SDK),此 SDK 是云 API 3.0 平台的配套开发工具。

依赖环境

  1. 依赖环境:Python 2.7、3.6 ~ 3.12 版本。
  2. 从 腾讯云控制台 开通相应产品。
  3. 获取 SecretID、SecretKey 以及调用地址(endpoint),endpoint 一般形式为*.tencentcloudapi.com,如CVM 的调用地址为 cvm.tencentcloudapi.com,具体参考各产品说明。

依赖问题

本项目依赖requests库,由于requests库2.30.0及以上的版本适配了urllib3 2.0版本,如果在使用sdk的时候报错ImportError: urllib3 v2.0 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently the 'ssl' module is compiled with 'OpenSSL 1.0.x',可以使用如下方法之一解决:

  • 将urllib3的版本降低到1.26.x版本(requsets库的依赖版本是urllib3>=1.21.1,)。
  • 将python环境使用openssl 1.1.1+版本重新编译

获取安装

安装 Python SDK 前,先获取安全凭证。在第一次使用云 API 之前,用户首先需要在 腾讯云控制台 上申请安全凭证,安全凭证包括 SecretID 和 SecretKey, SecretID 是用于标识 API 调用者的身份,SecretKey 是用于加密签名字符串和服务器端验证签名字符串的密钥。SecretKey 必须严格保管,避免泄露。

通过 Pip 安装(推荐)

您可以通过 pip 安装方式将腾讯云 API Python SDK 安装到您的项目中,如果您的项目环境尚未安装 pip,请详细参见 pip官网 安装。

通过pip方式安装或更新请在命令行中执行以下命令:

安装指定产品 SDK(推荐)

例如:安装指定产品包

pip install --upgrade tencentcloud-sdk-python-common  # 安装公共包,必选
pip install --upgrade tencentcloud-sdk-python-指定产品包名缩写  # 如 CVM 产品包:tencentcloud-sdk-python-cvm

具体产品的包名缩写请参考 products.md 中的包名字段。

安装全产品 SDK

pip install --upgrade tencentcloud-sdk-python

全产品 SDK 包含了所有云产品的调用代码,体积偏大,对体积敏感的场景,推荐安装指定产品 SDK。

注意事项

  • 安装全产品 SDK 和安装指定产品的 SDK 两种方式只能选择其中一种。
  • 如果同时安装多个产品的包,建议多个产品的包和 common 包保持在同一个版本。
  • 无法使用官方源的用户可以使用镜像源提高下载速度,例如pip install -i https://mirrors.tencent.com/pypi/simple/ --upgrade tencentcloud-sdk-python-cvm
  • 如果同时有 python2 和 python3 环境, python3 环境需要使用 pip3 命令安装。

通过源码包安装

前往 Github 仓库 或者 Gitee 仓库 下载最新代码,解压后

$ cd tencentcloud-sdk-python
$ python setup.py install

示例

以查询实例列表接口为例。

简化版

import os
from tencentcloud.common import credential
from tencentcloud.common.exception.tencent_cloud_sdk_exception import TencentCloudSDKException
from tencentcloud.cvm.v20170312 import cvm_client, models

try:
    # 为了保护密钥安全,建议将密钥设置在环境变量中或者配置文件中,请参考本文凭证管理章节。
    # 硬编码密钥到代码中有可能随代码泄露而暴露,有安全隐患,并不推荐。
    # cred = credential.Credential("secretId", "secretKey")
    cred = credential.Credential(
        os.environ.get("TENCENTCLOUD_SECRET_ID"),
        os.environ.get("TENCENTCLOUD_SECRET_KEY"))
    client = cvm_client.CvmClient(cred, "ap-shanghai")

    req = models.DescribeInstancesRequest()
    resp = client.DescribeInstances(req)

    print(resp.to_json_string())
except TencentCloudSDKException as err:
    print(err)

详细版

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import sys
import logging

from tencentcloud.common import credential, retry
from tencentcloud.common.exception.tencent_cloud_sdk_exception import TencentCloudSDKException
# 导入对应产品模块的client models。
from tencentcloud.cvm.v20170312 import cvm_client, models

# 导入可选配置类
from tencentcloud.common.profile.client_profile import ClientProfile
from tencentcloud.common.profile.http_profile import HttpProfile
try:
    # 实例化一个认证对象,入参需要传入腾讯云账户secretId,secretKey。
    # 为了保护密钥安全,建议将密钥设置在环境变量中或者配置文件中,请参考本文凭证管理章节。
    # 硬编码密钥到代码中有可能随代码泄露而暴露,有安全隐患,并不推荐。
    # cred = credential.Credential("secretId", "secretKey")
    cred = credential.Credential(
        os.environ.get("TENCENTCLOUD_SECRET_ID"),
        os.environ.get("TENCENTCLOUD_SECRET_KEY"))
    cred = credential.Credential("SecretId", "SecretKey")

    # 实例化一个http选项,可选的,没有特殊需求可以跳过。
    http_profile = HttpProfile()
    # 如果需要指定proxy访问接口,可以按照如下方式初始化hp
    # http_profile = HttpProfile(proxy="http://用户名:密码@代理IP:代理端口")
    http_profile.scheme = "https"  # 在外网互通的网络环境下支持http协议(默认是https协议),建议使用https协议
    http_profile.keepAlive = True  # 状态保持,默认是False
    http_profile.reqMethod = "GET"  # get请求(默认为post请求)
    http_profile.reqTimeout = 30    # 请求超时时间,单位为秒(默认60秒)
    http_profile.endpoint = "cvm.ap-shanghai.tencentcloudapi.com"  # 指定接入地域域名(默认就近接入)

    # 实例化一个client选项,可选的,没有特殊需求可以跳过。
    client_profile = ClientProfile()
    client_profile.signMethod = "TC3-HMAC-SHA256"  # 指定签名算法
    client_profile.language = "en-US"  # 指定展示英文(默认为中文)
    client_profile.httpProfile = http_profile
    # 当发生网络/限频错误时, 重试3次, 并通过logger打印日志
    logger = logging.getLogger("retry")
    logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr))
    client_profile.retryer = retry.StandardRetryer(max_attempts=3, logger=logger)

    # 实例化要请求产品(以cvm为例)的client对象,clientProfile是可选的。
    client = cvm_client.CvmClient(cred, "ap-shanghai", client_profile)

    # 打印日志按照如下方式,也可以设置log_format,默认为 '%(asctime)s %(process)d %(filename)s L%(lineno)s %(levelname)s %(message)s'
    # client.set_stream_logger(stream=sys.stdout, level=logging.DEBUG)
    # client.set_file_logger(file_path="/log", level=logging.DEBUG) 日志文件滚动输出,最多10个文件,单个文件最大512MB
    # client.set_default_logger() 去除所有log handler,默认不输出

    # 实例化一个cvm实例信息查询请求对象,每个接口都会对应一个request对象。
    req = models.DescribeInstancesRequest()

    # 填充请求参数,这里request对象的成员变量即对应接口的入参。
    # 您可以通过官网接口文档或跳转到request对象的定义处查看请求参数的定义。
    resp_filter = models.Filter()  # 创建Filter对象, 以zone的维度来查询cvm实例。
    resp_filter.Name = "zone"
    resp_filter.Values = ["ap-shanghai-1", "ap-shanghai-2"]
    req.Filters = [resp_filter]  # Filters 是成员为Filter对象的列表

    # python sdk支持自定义header如 X-TC-TraceId、X-TC-Canary,可以按照如下方式指定,header必须是字典类型的
    headers = {
        "X-TC-TraceId": "ffe0c072-8a5d-4e17-8887-a8a60252abca"
    }
    req.headers = headers

    # 通过client对象调用DescribeInstances方法发起请求。注意请求方法名与请求对象是对应的,headers为可选参数。
    # 返回的resp是一个DescribeInstancesResponse类的实例,与请求对象对应。
    resp = client.DescribeInstances(req)

    # 输出json格式的字符串回包
    print(resp.to_json_string(indent=2))

    # 也可以取出单个值。
    # 您可以通过官网接口文档或跳转到response对象的定义处查看返回字段的定义。
    print(resp.TotalCount)
except TencentCloudSDKException as err:
    print(err)

Commont Client调用方式

3.0.396开始,腾讯云 Python SDK 支持使用泛用型的API调用方式(Common Client)进行请求。您只需安装 tencentcloud-sdk-python-common 包, 即可向任何产品发起调用。

注意,您必须明确知道您调用的接口所需参数,否则可能会调用失败。

Common Client参考example

更多示例

您可以在github中examples目录下找到更详细的示例。

相关配置

代理

如果是有代理的环境下,可通过两种方式设置代理

  1. 在初始化HttpProfile时指定proxy,参考example
  2. 需要设置系统环境变量 https_proxy

否则可能无法正常调用,抛出连接超时的异常。

证书问题

在 Mac 操作系统安装 Python 3.6 或以上版本时,可能会遇到证书错误:Error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1056).。这是因为在 Mac 操作系统下,Python 不再使用系统默认的证书,且本身也不提供证书。在进行 HTTPS 请求时,需要使用 certifi 库提供的证书,但 SDK 不支持指定,所以只能使用 sudo "/Applications/Python 3.6/Install Certificates.command" 命令安装证书才能解决此问题。

虽然 Python 2 版本不应该有同样的问题,但是在个别用户环境上确实也观察到有类似的情况,也一样可以通过 sudo /Applications/Python 2.7/Install Certificates.command 解决。

python sdk默认使用 certifi 库提供的证书,如需要指定证书可以进行如下设置,若想跳过证书则传入 False

# 指定证书
httpProfile.certification = "/path/to/certification"

# 跳过证书校验
httpProfile.certification = False

凭证管理

腾讯云 Python SDK 目前支持以下几种方式进行凭证管理:

  1. 环境变量

默认读取环境变量 TENCENTCLOUD_SECRET_IDTENCENTCLOUD_SECRET_KEY 获取 secretId 和 secretKey。相关代码如下:

from tencentcloud.common import credential
cred = credential.EnvironmentVariableCredential().get_credential()
  1. 配置文件

配置文件路径要求为:

  • Windows: c:\Users\NAME\.tencentcloud\credentials
  • Linux: ~/.tencentcloud/credentials/etc/tencentcloud/credentials

配置文件格式如下,要求是 .ini 格式的文件:

[default]
secret_id = xxxxx
secret_key = xxxxx

相关代码如下:

from tencentcloud.common import credential
cred = credential.ProfileCredential().get_credential()
  1. 角色扮演

有关角色扮演的相关概念请参阅:腾讯云角色概述

要使用此种方式,您必须在腾讯云访问管理控制台上创建了一个角色,具体创建过程请参阅:腾讯云角色创建

在您拥有角色后,可以通过如下方式获取临时凭证,相关代码如下:

from tencentcloud.common import credential
cred = credential.STSAssumeRoleCredential("SecretId", "SecretKey", "RoleArn", "RoleSessionName")

有关角色扮演的详细使用方式可以参考示例:使用角色

  1. 实例角色

有关实例角色的相关概念请参阅:腾讯云实例角色

在您为实例绑定角色后,您可以在实例中访问相关元数据接口获取临时凭证,SDK 会自动刷新临时凭证。相关代码如下:

from tencentcloud.common import credential
cred = credential.CVMRoleCredential().get_credential()
  1. 凭证提供链

腾讯云 Python SDK 提供了凭证提供链,它会默认以环境变量->配置文件->实例角色->TKE OIDC凭证的顺序尝试获取凭证,并返回第一个获取到的凭证。相关代码如下:

示例代码参考credential_providers.py

# 使用默认凭证提供链
from tencentcloud.common import credential
cred = credential.DefaultCredentialProvider().get_credential()

# 使用环境变量
from tencentcloud.common import credential
cred = credential.EnvironmentVariableCredential().get_credential()

# 使用配置文件
from tencentcloud.common import credential
cred = credential.ProfileCredential().get_credential()

# 使用实例角色
from tencentcloud.common import credential
cred = credential.CVMRoleCredential().get_credential()

# 使用TKE OIDC凭证
from tencentcloud.common import credential
cred = credential.DefaultTkeOIDCRoleArnProvider().get_credential()
  1. 地域容灾

v3.0.923起 腾讯云 Python SDK 支持地域容灾,当某个域名请求失败时,会自动切换到容灾域名。使用方式如下: 使用地域时有三种状态相互转换:关闭、全开和半开状态 关闭:使用主要域名请求,如果出现错误时,会切换到全开状态 全开:使用容灾域名请求,当达到一定时间时,会切换到半开状态 半开:此时会放少量的请求到主要域名,如果请求失败,则切换到全开状态,当请求成功数达到一定的数量时,会切换到关闭状态

# 简单开启方式,此时所有的配置都是默认值
from tencentcloud.common.profile.client_profile import ClientProfile
client_profile = ClientProfile()
client_profile.disable_region_breaker = False  # False表示使用地域容灾
# 自定义配置
from tencentcloud.common.profile.client_profile import ClientProfile, RegionBreakerProfile
region_breaker_profile = RegionBreakerProfile(
    backup_endpoint="ap-beijing.tencentcloudapi.com",  # 备用地域,格式${region}.tencentcloudapi.com,必须是存在的域名,默认值为ap-guangzhou.tencentcloudapi.com
    max_fail_num=3,  # 最大失败数,默认值5
    max_fail_percent=0.5,  # 最大失败率,默认值0.75。当失败数达到最大失败数,且失败率达到最大的失败率时,或者连续失败数达到5次,关闭状态切换到开启状态
    window_interval=60,  # 计数窗口,单位s,默认300。处于关闭状态时,时间超过窗口则重新计数
    timeout=30,  # 全开时间,单位s,默认60。处于全开状态达到超过该时间,切换为半开状态
    max_requests=3  # 最大成功请求数,默认5。处于半开状态时,请求主域名达到该数量则切换为关闭状态
)
client_profile = ClientProfile()
client_profile.disable_region_breaker = False  # 使用地域容灾必须要将这个值置为false
client_profile.region_breaker_profile = region_breaker_profile
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tencentcloud
tencentcloud-sdk-python
tencentcloud-sdk-python
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