# SCPapers

**Repository Path**: thunlp/SCPapers

## Basic Information

- **Project Name**: SCPapers
- **Description**: Must-read Papers on Sememe Computation
- **Primary Language**: Unknown
- **License**: MIT
- **Default Branch**: master
- **Homepage**: None
- **GVP Project**: No

## Statistics

- **Stars**: 1
- **Forks**: 0
- **Created**: 2020-05-29
- **Last Updated**: 2022-06-23

## Categories & Tags

**Categories**: Uncategorized

**Tags**: None

## README



# Must-read Papers on Sememe Computation

![](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/thunlp/SCPapers?color=blue)![](https://img.shields.io/badge/PaperNumber-34-brightgreen)![](https://img.shields.io/badge/PRs-Welcome-red) 

Contributed by [Fanchao Qi](https://github.com/Fanchao-Qi).

## Introduction

A **sememe** is defined as the minimum semantic unit in linguistics. Some linguists believe that meanings of all words can be decomposed of a limited set of sememes. 

Sememes can help us comprehend human languages better. Some studies have proved that neural NLP models benefit from the incorporation of sememes.

[HowNet](http://www.keenage.com/) is the most famous sememe-based  knowledge base. It predefines a set of 2,000 sememes and uses them to annotate over 100,000 Chinese and English words.

[OpenHowNet](https://github.com/thunlp/OpenHowNet), developed by [THUNLP](http://nlp.csai.tsinghua.edu.cn/site2/index.php/en), opens source core data of HowNet and provides convenient data access APIs.


## Papers
### Introduction
1. **Introduction to HowNet**. *Zhendong Dong and Qiang Dong*. [[pdf (English)](http://www.keenage.com/Theory%20and%20practice%20of%20HowNet/04.pdf)] [[pdf (Chinese)](http://www.keenage.com/Theory%20and%20practice%20of%20HowNet/03.pdf)]
 > This paper gives an overall introduction to HowNet, including its features, philosophy and constructing method.

2. **HowNet - a hybrid language and knowledge resource**. *Zhendong Dong and Qiang Dong*. NLP-KE 2003. [[pdf](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=1276017)]
 > This paper gives a brief introduction to HowNet.

3. **KDML — Knowledge Database Mark-up Language**. *Zhendong Dong and Qiang Dong*. [[pdf (Chinese)](http://www.keenage.com/Theory%20and%20practice%20of%20HowNet/07.pdf)]
 > This paper gives a detailed introduction to Knowledge Database Mark-up Language, the mark-up language used in HowNet.

### Applications of Sememes
1. **Multi-channel Reverse Dictionary Model**. *Lei Zhang, Fanchao Qi, Zhiyuan Liu, Yasheng, Wang, Qun Liu, Maosong Sun*. AAAI-20. [[pdf](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.08441.pdf)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/MultiRD)]
1. **Modeling Semantic Compositionality with Sememe Knowledge**. *Fanchao Qi, Junjie Huang, Chenghao Yang, Zhiyuan Liu, Xiao Chen, Qun Liu and Maosong Sun*. ACL 2019. [[pdf](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1571)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/Sememe-SC)]
1. **Chinese Relation Extraction with Multi-Grained Information and External Linguistic Knowledge**. *Ziran Li, Ning Ding, Zhiyuan Liu, Haitao Zheng and Ying Shen*. ACL 2019. [[pdf](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1430)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/Chinese_NRE)]
1. **Unsupervised Neural Aspect Extraction with Sememes**. *Ling Luo, Xiang Ao, Yan Song, Jinyao Li, Xiaopeng Yang, Qing He and Dong Yu*. IJCAI 2019. [[pdf](https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0712.pdf)]
1. **K-BERT: Enabling Language Representation with Knowledge Graph**. *Weijie Liu, Peng Zhou, Zhe Zhao, Zhiruo Wang, Qi Ju, Haotang Deng and Ping Wang*. arXiv 2019. [[pdf](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.07606)] [[code](https://github.com/autoliuweijie/K-BERT)]
1. **Semantic Representation Learning Based on HowNet**. *Jingwen Zhu, Yuji Yang, Bin Xu and Juanzi Li*. JCIP 2019. [[pdf (Chinese)](http://jcip.cipsc.org.cn/CN/abstract/abstract2729.shtml#)]
1. **A Word Representation Method Based on HowNet**. *Yang Chen and Zhiyong Luo*. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis 2019. [[pdf (Chinese)](http://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract3297.shtml#1)]
1. **Evaluating Semantic Rationality of a Sentence: A Sememe-Word-Matching Neural Network based on HowNet**. *Shu Liu, Jingjing Xu and Xuancheng Ren*. NLPCC 2019. [[pdf](http://tcci.ccf.org.cn/conference/2019/papers/250.pdf)]
1. **Language Modeling with Sparse Product of Sememe Experts**. *Yihong Gu, Jun Yan, Hao Zhu, Zhiyuan Liu, Ruobing Xie, Maosong Sun, Fen Lin and Leyu Lin*. EMNLP 2018. [[pdf](http://aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1493)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/SDLM-pytorch)]
1. **Chinese LIWC Lexicon Expansion via Hierarchical Classification of Word Embeddings with Sememe Attention**. *Xiangkai Zeng, Cheng Yang, Cunchao Tu, Zhiyuan Liu and Maosong Sun*. AAAI-18. [[pdf](http://nlp.csai.tsinghua.edu.cn/~lzy/publications/aaai2018_cliwc.pdf)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/Auto_CLIWC)]
1. **Improved Word Representation Learning with Sememes**. *Yilin Niu, Ruobing Xie, Zhiyuan Liu and Maosong Sun*. ACL 2017. [[pdf](http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1187)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/SE-WRL)]
1. **Embedding for Words and Word Senses Based on Human Annotated
Knowledge Base: A Case Study on HowNet**. *Maosong Sun and Xinxiong Chen*. JCIP 2016. [[pdf (Chinese)](http://jcip.cipsc.org.cn/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=2293)]
1. **Multi-aspect sentiment analysis for Chinese online social reviews based on topic modeling and HowNet lexicon**. *Xianghua Fu, Guo Li, Yanyan Guo and Zhiqiang Wang*. Knowledge-Based Systems 2013. [[pdf](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705112002158)]
1. **Employing Morphological Structures and Sememes for Chinese Event Extraction**. *Peifeng Li and Guodong Zhou*. COLING 2012. [[pdf](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C12-1099)]
1. **Method of discriminant for Chinese sentence sentiment orientation based on HowNet**. *Lei Dang and Lei Zhang*. Application Research of Computers 2010. [[pdf (Chinese)](http://www.arocmag.com/getarticle/?aid=0566ec39f836c6d3)]
1. **HowNet Based Chinese Question Automatic Classification**. *Jingguang Sun, Dongfeng Cai, Dexin Lv, and Yanju Dong*. JCIP 2007. [[pdf (Chinese)](http://jcip.cipsc.org.cn/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=703)]
1. **Word Sense Disambiguation through Sememe Labeling**. *Xiangyu Duan, Jun Zhao and Bo Xu*. IJCAI 2007. [[pdf](https://www.aaai.org/Papers/IJCAI/2007/IJCAI07-257.pdf)]
1. **Analogy Generation with HowNet**. *Tony Veale*. IJCAI 2005. [[pdf](https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/05/Papers/0620.pdf)]
1. **Semantic orientation computing based on HowNet**. *Yanlan Zhu, Jin Min, Yaqian Zhou, Xuanjing Huang and Lide Wu*. JCIP 2005. [[pdf (Chinese)](http://jcip.cipsc.org.cn/UserFiles/File/678%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EHowNet%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%80%BE%E5%90%91%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97_%E6%9C%B1%E5%AB%A3%E5%B2%9A.pdf)]
1. **Chinese word sense disambiguation using HowNet**. *Yuntao Zhang, Ling Gong and Yongcheng Wang*. ICNC 2005. [[pdf](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F11539087_123.pdf)]
1. **Word Similarity Computing Based on HowNet**. *Qun Liu and Sujian Li*. International Journal of Computational Linguistics & Chinese Language Processing 2002. [[pdf (Chinese)](http://sewm.pku.edu.cn/QA/reference/hownet/WordSimilarity/%A1%B6%BB%F9%D3%DA%A3%BC%D6%AA%CD%F8%A3%BE%B5%C4%B4%CA%BB%E3%D3%EF%D2%E5%CF%E0%CB%C6%B6%C8%BC%C6%CB%E3%A1%B7%C2%DB%CE%C4.pdf)]

### Expansion of Sememe Knowledge Bases

1. **Towards Building a Multilingual Sememe Knowledge Base: Predicting Sememes for BabelNet Synsets**. *Fanchao Qi, Liang Chang, Maosong Sun, Sicong Ouyang and Zhiyuan Liu*. AAAI-20. [[pdf](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.01795.pdf)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/BabelNet-Sememe-Prediction)]
1. **Lexical Sememe Prediction using Dictionary Definitions by Capturing Local Semantic Correspondence**. *Jiaju Du, Fanchao Qi, Maosong Sun and Zhiyuan Liu*. arXiv 2020. [[pdf](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.05954)]
1. **OpenHowNet: An Open Sememe-based Lexical Knowledge Base**. Fanchao Qi, Chenghao Yang, Zhiyuan Liu, Qiang Dong, Maosong Sun, Zhendong Dong. arXiv 2019. [[pdf](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.09957.pdf)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/OpenHowNet)]
1. **Cross-lingual Lexical Sememe Prediction**. *Fanchao Qi, Yankai Lin, Maosong Sun, Hao Zhu, Ruobing Xie and Zhiyuan Liu*. EMNLP 2018. [[pdf](http://aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1033)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/CL-SP)]
1. **Sememe Prediction: Learning Semantic Knowledge from Unstructured Textual Wiki Descriptions**. *Wei Li, Xuancheng Ren, Damai Dai, Yunfang Wu, Houfeng Wang and Xu Sun*. arXiv 2018. [[pdf](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.05437)] [[code](https://github.com/lancopku/Sememe_prediction)]
1. **Extended HowNet 2.0: An Entity-Relation Common-Sense Representation Model**. *Wei-Yun Ma and Yueh-Yin Shih*. LREC 2018. [[pdf](http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2018/pdf/547.pdf)]
1. **Incorporating Chinese Characters of Words for Lexical Sememe Prediction**. *Huiming Jin, Hao Zhu, Zhiyuan Liu, Ruobing Xie, Maosong Sun, Fen Lin and Leyu Lin*. ACL 2018. [[pdf](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1227.pdf)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/Character-enhanced-Sememe-Prediction)]
1. **Lexical Sememe Prediction via Word Embeddings and Matrix Factorization**. *Ruobing Xie, Xingchi Yuan, Zhiyuan Liu and Maosong Sun*. IJCAI 2017. [[pdf](https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2017/0587.pdf)] [[code](https://github.com/thunlp/Sememe_prediction)]
1. **E-HowNet and Automatic Construction of a Lexical Ontology**. *Wei-Te Chen, Su-Chu Lin, Shu-Ling Huang, You-Shan Chung and Keh-Jiann Chen*. COLING 2010. [[pdf](https://aclanthology.info/pdf/C/C10/C10-3012.pdf)]
1. **Extended-HowNet: A Representational Framework for Concepts**. *Keh-Jiann Chen, Shu-Ling Huang, Yueh-Yin Shih and Yi-Jun Chen*. OntoLex 2005. [[pdf](http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/I05-7001)]