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README
MIT

cpp-httplib

A C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library.

It's extremely easy to setup. Just include httplib.h file in your code!

NOTE: This is a 'blocking' HTTP library. If you are looking for a 'non-blocking' library, this is not the one that you want.

Simple examples

Server

httplib::Server svr;

svr.Get("/hi", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
  res.set_content("Hello World!", "text/plain");
});

svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);

Client

httplib::Client cli("http://cpp-httplib-server.yhirose.repl.co");

auto res = cli.Get("/hi");

res->status; // 200
res->body;   // "Hello World!"

Try out the examples on Repl.it!

  1. Run server at https://repl.it/@yhirose/cpp-httplib-server
  2. Run client at https://repl.it/@yhirose/cpp-httplib-client

Server

#include <httplib.h>

int main(void)
{
  using namespace httplib;

  Server svr;

  svr.Get("/hi", [](const Request& req, Response& res) {
    res.set_content("Hello World!", "text/plain");
  });

  svr.Get(R"(/numbers/(\d+))", [&](const Request& req, Response& res) {
    auto numbers = req.matches[1];
    res.set_content(numbers, "text/plain");
  });

  svr.Get("/body-header-param", [](const Request& req, Response& res) {
    if (req.has_header("Content-Length")) {
      auto val = req.get_header_value("Content-Length");
    }
    if (req.has_param("key")) {
      auto val = req.get_param_value("key");
    }
    res.set_content(req.body, "text/plain");
  });

  svr.Get("/stop", [&](const Request& req, Response& res) {
    svr.stop();
  });

  svr.listen("localhost", 1234);
}

Post, Put, Delete and Options methods are also supported.

Bind a socket to multiple interfaces and any available port

int port = svr.bind_to_any_port("0.0.0.0");
svr.listen_after_bind();

Static File Server

// Mount / to ./www directory
auto ret = svr.set_mount_point("/", "./www");
if (!ret) {
  // The specified base directory doesn't exist...
}

// Mount /public to ./www directory
ret = svr.set_mount_point("/public", "./www");

// Mount /public to ./www1 and ./www2 directories
ret = svr.set_mount_point("/public", "./www1"); // 1st order to search
ret = svr.set_mount_point("/public", "./www2"); // 2nd order to search

// Remove mount /
ret = svr.remove_mount_point("/");

// Remove mount /public
ret = svr.remove_mount_point("/public");
// User defined file extension and MIME type mappings
svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("cc", "text/x-c");
svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("cpp", "text/x-c");
svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("hh", "text/x-h");

The followings are built-in mappings:

Extension MIME Type
txt text/plain
html, htm text/html
css text/css
jpeg, jpg image/jpg
png image/png
gif image/gif
svg image/svg+xml
ico image/x-icon
json application/json
pdf application/pdf
js application/javascript
wasm application/wasm
xml application/xml
xhtml application/xhtml+xml

NOTE: These the static file server methods are not thread safe.

Logging

svr.set_logger([](const auto& req, const auto& res) {
  your_logger(req, res);
});

Error handler

svr.set_error_handler([](const auto& req, auto& res) {
  auto fmt = "<p>Error Status: <span style='color:red;'>%d</span></p>";
  char buf[BUFSIZ];
  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, res.status);
  res.set_content(buf, "text/html");
});

'multipart/form-data' POST data

svr.Post("/multipart", [&](const auto& req, auto& res) {
  auto size = req.files.size();
  auto ret = req.has_file("name1");
  const auto& file = req.get_file_value("name1");
  // file.filename;
  // file.content_type;
  // file.content;
});

Receive content with Content receiver

svr.Post("/content_receiver",
  [&](const Request &req, Response &res, const ContentReader &content_reader) {
    if (req.is_multipart_form_data()) {
      MultipartFormDataItems files;
      content_reader(
        [&](const MultipartFormData &file) {
          files.push_back(file);
          return true;
        },
        [&](const char *data, size_t data_length) {
          files.back().content.append(data, data_length);
          return true;
        });
    } else {
      std::string body;
      content_reader([&](const char *data, size_t data_length) {
        body.append(data, data_length);
        return true;
      });
      res.set_content(body, "text/plain");
    }
  });

Send content with Content provider

const size_t DATA_CHUNK_SIZE = 4;

svr.Get("/stream", [&](const Request &req, Response &res) {
  auto data = new std::string("abcdefg");

  res.set_content_provider(
    data->size(), // Content length
    "text/plain", // Content type
    [data](size_t offset, size_t length, DataSink &sink) {
      const auto &d = *data;
      sink.write(&d[offset], std::min(length, DATA_CHUNK_SIZE));
      return true; // return 'false' if you want to cancel the process.
    },
    [data] { delete data; });
});

Without content length:

svr.Get("/stream", [&](const Request &req, Response &res) {
  res.set_content_provider(
    "text/plain", // Content type
    [&](size_t offset, size_t length, DataSink &sink) {
      if (/* there is still data */) {
        std::vector<char> data;
        // prepare data...
        sink.write(data.data(), data.size());
      } else {
        sink.done(); // No more data
      }
      return true; // return 'false' if you want to cancel the process.
    });
});

Chunked transfer encoding

svr.Get("/chunked", [&](const Request& req, Response& res) {
  res.set_chunked_content_provider(
    [](size_t offset, DataSink &sink) {
      sink.write("123", 3);
      sink.write("345", 3);
      sink.write("789", 3);
      sink.done(); // No more data
      return true; // return 'false' if you want to cancel the process.
    }
  );
});

'Expect: 100-continue' handler

As default, the server sends 100 Continue response for Expect: 100-continue header.

// Send a '417 Expectation Failed' response.
svr.set_expect_100_continue_handler([](const Request &req, Response &res) {
  return 417;
});
// Send a final status without reading the message body.
svr.set_expect_100_continue_handler([](const Request &req, Response &res) {
  return res.status = 401;
});

Keep-Alive connection

svr.set_keep_alive_max_count(2); // Default is 5

Timeout

svr.set_read_timeout(5, 0); // 5 seconds
svr.set_write_timeout(5, 0); // 5 seconds
svr.set_idle_interval(0, 100000); // 100 milliseconds

Set maximum payload length for reading request body

svr.set_payload_max_length(1024 * 1024 * 512); // 512MB

Server-Sent Events

Please see Server example and Client example.

Default thread pool support

ThreadPool is used as a default task queue, and the default thread count is 8, or std::thread::hardware_concurrency(). You can change it with CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT.

If you want to set the thread count at runtime, there is no convenient way... But here is how.

svr.new_task_queue = [] { return new ThreadPool(12); };

Override the default thread pool with yours

You can supply your own thread pool implementation according to your need.

class YourThreadPoolTaskQueue : public TaskQueue {
public:
  YourThreadPoolTaskQueue(size_t n) {
    pool_.start_with_thread_count(n);
  }

  virtual void enqueue(std::function<void()> fn) override {
    pool_.enqueue(fn);
  }

  virtual void shutdown() override {
    pool_.shutdown_gracefully();
  }

private:
  YourThreadPool pool_;
};

svr.new_task_queue = [] {
  return new YourThreadPoolTaskQueue(12);
};

Client

#include <httplib.h>
#include <iostream>

int main(void)
{
  httplib::Client cli("localhost", 1234);

  if (auto res = cli.Get("/hi")) {
    if (res->status == 200) {
      std::cout << res->body << std::endl;
    }
  } else {
    auto err = res.error();
    ...
  }
}

NOTE: Constructor with scheme-host-port string is now supported!

httplib::Client cli("localhost");
httplib::Client cli("localhost:8080");
httplib::Client cli("http://localhost");
httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
httplib::Client cli("https://localhost");

Error code

Here is the list of errors from Result::error().

enum Error {
  Success = 0,
  Unknown,
  Connection,
  BindIPAddress,
  Read,
  Write,
  ExceedRedirectCount,
  Canceled,
  SSLConnection,
  SSLLoadingCerts,
  SSLServerVerification,
  UnsupportedMultipartBoundaryChars
};

GET with HTTP headers

httplib::Headers headers = {
  { "Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate" }
};
auto res = cli.Get("/hi", headers);

or

cli.set_default_headers({
  { "Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate" }
});
auto res = cli.Get("/hi");

POST

res = cli.Post("/post", "text", "text/plain");
res = cli.Post("/person", "name=john1&note=coder", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

POST with parameters

httplib::Params params;
params.emplace("name", "john");
params.emplace("note", "coder");

auto res = cli.Post("/post", params);

or

httplib::Params params{
  { "name", "john" },
  { "note", "coder" }
};

auto res = cli.Post("/post", params);

POST with Multipart Form Data

httplib::MultipartFormDataItems items = {
  { "text1", "text default", "", "" },
  { "text2", "aωb", "", "" },
  { "file1", "h\ne\n\nl\nl\no\n", "hello.txt", "text/plain" },
  { "file2", "{\n  \"world\", true\n}\n", "world.json", "application/json" },
  { "file3", "", "", "application/octet-stream" },
};

auto res = cli.Post("/multipart", items);

PUT

res = cli.Put("/resource/foo", "text", "text/plain");

DELETE

res = cli.Delete("/resource/foo");

OPTIONS

res = cli.Options("*");
res = cli.Options("/resource/foo");

Timeout

cli.set_connection_timeout(0, 300000); // 300 milliseconds
cli.set_read_timeout(5, 0); // 5 seconds
cli.set_write_timeout(5, 0); // 5 seconds

Receive content with Content receiver

std::string body;

auto res = cli.Get("/large-data",
  [&](const char *data, size_t data_length) {
    body.append(data, data_length);
    return true;
  });
std::string body;

auto res = cli.Get(
  "/stream", Headers(),
  [&](const Response &response) {
    EXPECT_EQ(200, response.status);
    return true; // return 'false' if you want to cancel the request.
  },
  [&](const char *data, size_t data_length) {
    body.append(data, data_length);
    return true; // return 'false' if you want to cancel the request.
  });

Send content with Content provider

std::string body = ...;

auto res = cli_.Post(
  "/stream", body.size(),
  [](size_t offset, size_t length, DataSink &sink) {
    sink.write(body.data() + offset, length);
    return true; // return 'false' if you want to cancel the request.
  },
  "text/plain");

With Progress Callback

httplib::Client client(url, port);

// prints: 0 / 000 bytes => 50% complete
auto res = cli.Get("/", [](uint64_t len, uint64_t total) {
  printf("%lld / %lld bytes => %d%% complete\n",
    len, total,
    (int)(len*100/total));
  return true; // return 'false' if you want to cancel the request.
}
);

progress

Authentication

// Basic Authentication
cli.set_basic_auth("user", "pass");

// Digest Authentication
cli.set_digest_auth("user", "pass");

// Bearer Token Authentication
cli.set_bearer_token_auth("token");

NOTE: OpenSSL is required for Digest Authentication.

Proxy server support

cli.set_proxy("host", port);

// Basic Authentication
cli.set_proxy_basic_auth("user", "pass");

// Digest Authentication
cli.set_proxy_digest_auth("user", "pass");

// Bearer Token Authentication
cli.set_proxy_bearer_token_auth("pass");

NOTE: OpenSSL is required for Digest Authentication.

Range

httplib::Client cli("httpbin.org");

auto res = cli.Get("/range/32", {
  httplib::make_range_header({{1, 10}}) // 'Range: bytes=1-10'
});
// res->status should be 206.
// res->body should be "bcdefghijk".
httplib::make_range_header({{1, 10}, {20, -1}})      // 'Range: bytes=1-10, 20-'
httplib::make_range_header({{100, 199}, {500, 599}}) // 'Range: bytes=100-199, 500-599'
httplib::make_range_header({{0, 0}, {-1, 1}})        // 'Range: bytes=0-0, -1'

Keep-Alive connection

httplib::Client cli("localhost", 1234);

cli.Get("/hello");         // with "Connection: close"

cli.set_keep_alive(true);
cli.Get("/world");

cli.set_keep_alive(false);
cli.Get("/last-request");  // with "Connection: close"

Redirect

httplib::Client cli("yahoo.com");

auto res = cli.Get("/");
res->status; // 301

cli.set_follow_location(true);
res = cli.Get("/");
res->status; // 200

Use a specitic network interface

NOTE: This feature is not available on Windows, yet.

cli.set_interface("eth0"); // Interface name, IP address or host name

OpenSSL Support

SSL support is available with CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT. libssl and libcrypto should be linked.

NOTE: cpp-httplib currently supports only version 1.1.1.

#define CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT

httplib::SSLServer svr("./cert.pem", "./key.pem");

httplib::SSLClient cli("localhost", 1234); // or `httplib::Client cli("https://localhost:1234");`
cli.set_ca_cert_path("./ca-bundle.crt");
cli.enable_server_certificate_verification(true);

Compression

The server can applie compression to the following MIME type contents:

  • all text types except text/event-stream
  • image/svg+xml
  • application/javascript
  • application/json
  • application/xml
  • application/xhtml+xml

Zlib Support

'gzip' compression is available with CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT. libz should be linked.

Brotli Support

Brotli compression is available with CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT. Necessary libraries should be linked. Please see https://github.com/google/brotli for more detail.

Compress request body on client

cli.set_compress(true);
res = cli.Post("/resource/foo", "...", "text/plain");

Compress response body on client

cli.set_decompress(false);
res = cli.Get("/resource/foo", {{"Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br"}});
res->body; // Compressed data

Split httplib.h into .h and .cc

> python3 split.py
> ls out
httplib.h  httplib.cc

NOTE

g++

g++ 4.8 and below cannot build this library since <regex> in the versions are broken.

Windows

Include httplib.h before Windows.h or include Windows.h by defining WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN beforehand.

#include <httplib.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <Windows.h>
#include <httplib.h>

Note: Cygwin on Windows is not supported.

License

MIT license (© 2020 Yuji Hirose)

Special Thanks To

These folks made great contributions to polish this library to totally another level from a simple toy!

The MIT License (MIT) Copyright (c) 2017 yhirose Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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