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README
GPL-2.0

#Docker .

Docker常见命令

容器相关操作

  • docker create # 创建一个容器但是不启动它
  • docker run # 创建并启动一个容器
  • docker stop # 停止容器运行,发送信号SIGTERM
  • docker start # 启动一个停止状态的容器
  • docker restart # 重启一个容器
  • docker rm # 删除一个容器
  • docker kill # 发送信号给容器,默认SIGKILL
  • docker attach # 连接(进入)到一个正在运行的容器
  • docker wait # 阻塞到一个容器,直到容器停止运行

获取容器相关信息

  • docker ps # 显示状态为运行(Up)的容器
  • docker ps -a # 显示所有容器,包括运行中(Up)的和退出的(Exited)
  • docker inspect # 深入容器内部获取容器所有信息
  • docker logs # 查看容器的日志(stdout/stderr)
  • docker events # 得到docker服务器的实时的事件
  • docker port # 显示容器的端口映射
  • docker top # 显示容器的进程信息
  • docker diff # 显示容器文件系统的前后变化

导出容器

  • docker cp # 从容器里向外拷贝文件或目录
  • docker export # 将容器整个文件系统导出为一个tar包,不带layers、tag等信息

执行

  • docker exec # 在容器里执行一个命令,可以执行bash进入交互式

镜像操作

  • docker images # 显示本地所有的镜像列表
  • docker import # 从一个tar包创建一个镜像,往往和export结合使用
  • docker build # 使用Dockerfile创建镜像(推荐)
  • docker commit # 从容器创建镜像
  • docker rmi # 删除一个镜像
  • docker load # 从一个tar包创建一个镜像,和save配合使用
  • docker save # 将一个镜像保存为一个tar包,带layers和tag信息
  • docker history # 显示生成一个镜像的历史命令
  • docker tag # 为镜像起一个别名

镜像仓库(registry)操作

  • docker login # 登录到一个registry
  • docker search # 从registry仓库搜索镜像
  • docker pull # 从仓库下载镜像到本地
  • docker push # 将一个镜像push到registry仓库中

获取端口映射

docker inspect -f '{{range $p, $conf := .NetworkSettings.Ports}} {{$p}} -> {{(index $conf 0).HostPort}} {{end}}' id

获取环境变量

docker exec container_id env

杀掉所有正在运行的容器

docker kill $(docker ps -q)

删除老的(一周前创建)容器

docker ps -a | grep 'weeks ago' | awk '{print $1}' | xargs docker rm

删除已经停止的容器

docker rm `docker ps -a -q`

删除所有镜像,小心

docker rmi $(docker images -q)

Dockerfile

Dockerfile是docker构建镜像的基础,也是docker区别于其他容器的重要特征,正是有了Dockerfile,docker的自动化和可移植性才成为可能。

不论是开发还是运维,学会编写Dockerfile几乎是必备的,这有助于你理解整个容器的运行。

####FROM , 从一个基础镜像构建新的镜像

FROM centos

MAINTAINER , 维护者信息

MAINTAINER author name <author email>

ENV , 设置环境变量

ENV TEST 1

RUN , 非交互式运行shell命令

RUN yum install -y net-tools

ADD , 将外部文件拷贝到镜像里,src可以为url

ADD http://nicescale.com/  /data/nicescale.tgz

WORKDIR /path/to/workdir, 设置工作目录

WORKDIR /var/www

USER , 设置用户ID

USER nginx

VULUME <#dir>, 设置volume

VOLUME [‘/data’]

EXPOSE , 暴露哪些端口

EXPOSE 80 443

ENTRYPOINT [‘executable’, ‘param1’,’param2’]执行命令

ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/nginx"]

CMD [“param1","param2"]

CMD ["start"]

docker创建、启动container时执行的命令,如果设置了ENTRYPOINT,则CMD将作为参数</usr/sbin/nginx start>

Dockerfile最佳实践

  • 尽量将一些常用不变的指令放到前面
  • CMD和ENTRYPOINT尽量使用json数组方式

通过Dockerfile构建image

docker build xmlwch/centos:7.1 .
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