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新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19，简称“新冠肺炎”）疫情肆虐全球多个国家，2020年3月11日，世界卫生组织 (WHO) 正式宣布将新冠肺炎列为全球性大流行病。在全球抗击新型冠状病毒疫情的过程中，产生了前所未有的大规模疫情数据，利用大数据分析技术和方法能够协助发现病毒传染源、监测疫情发展、调配救援物资，从而更好地进行疫情防控工作。空间数据分析作为大数据分析的重要组成，将数据智能处理、直观展示和交互分析有机地结合，使机器智能和人类智慧深度融合、优势互补，为疫情防控中的分析、指挥和决策提供有效依据和指南。
本系统基于ArcEngine进行开发，支持武汉疫情地图根据不同日期的展示、操作以及添加图例、导出为多种格式，支持属性数据的编辑和查询，支持指定时间区段统计疫情与轨迹分析功能；可以直观地展示出疫情的发展态势，为疫情分析和防控工作作出更好的决策参考。
进入程序显示的开始界面：
可以根据选择的日期来渲染每日疫情地图，通过分层渲染的方式来表现疫情人数的多少；支持各种常规的地图操作，如放大缩小平移等等；
可以根据行进轨迹数据文件，选取时间段绘制轨迹并分析经过的地市和疫情状况：
本系统支持多种查询方式，包含点击查询、矩形、多边形、圆等多种空间查询，并可以查看相应选择集：
本系统支持导出为多种格式，如jpg/tif/pdf等；可以在页面视图中实时查看所要导出的图形；并支持添加图例等。
本系统支持查看数据集和进行属性数据的编辑；
支持根据时间段显示疫情的统计数据，包含总量和变化量；
将湖北市域图形数据存储在shp文件中，通过加载shp按钮进行载入；
选择网易的疫情实时动态播报平台作为数据源，其地址如下：
https://wp.m.163.com/163/page/news/virus_report/index.html?nw=1&anw=1
通过爬虫请求获取数据（从1.1日至5.31日），经过数据清洗后保存为csv文件；
在具有公网ip地址的 windows server 上搭建mysql数据库，将确诊人数数据存入数据库中，连接数据库获取确诊数据信息；可以便于后续在服务器上继续更新数据；
创建了DAO层，将数据库的增删改查等操作封装在工具类中，和具体程序业务逻辑分隔开来，其中包含了三个类：
SqlHelper：创建数据库连接、执行数据库命令、 创建MySqlDataReader对象：
其中定义的接口：
public MySqlConnection getMySqlCon();
public int getMySqlCom(string M_str_sqlstr, params MySqlParameter[] parameters);
public DataTable getMySqlRead(string M_str_sqlstr, params MySqlParameter[] parameters);
sqlDataFormat：进行数据格式的修改：
其中定义的接口：
public static string dataFormat(string str);
OperateDatabase：定义了数据库增加、删除、修改、查找的接口；
其中定义的接口：
public static int Insert(string TableName,ArrayList arr);
public static DataTable select(string TableName, ArrayList arr);
public static int Update(string TableName, ArrayList arr,ArrayList arr_where);
public static int Delete(string TableName, ArrayList arr_where);
程序可以分为以下几个模块：
辅助类：
包含和数据库操作相关的DAO层、图例附加属性定义和日志模块；除了上述描述的数据操作类以外，还有：
地图操作相关：
主要包含地图操作（平移、缩放），地图渲染，以及地图导出等功能；
属性操作相关
包含在地图上进行空间查询属性、在属性表中进行属性编辑等；
疫情数据统计模块：
包含对疫情的统计图表生成操作；
从界面美观的角度考虑，我们采用了DevExpress进行开发；DevExpress是一个比较有名的界面控件套件，提供了一系列的界面控件套件的DotNet界面控件。
窗口：
Form1.cs；SeletionForm.csStaticsForm.csAddForm.cs地图展示和常规地图操作：
打开mxd文件：
private void openMxd_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
{
String MxdPath=GisClass.OpenMxd();
axMapControl1.LoadMxFile(MxdPath);
}
public static string OpenMxd()
{
string MxdPath = "";
OpenFileDialog OpenMXD = new OpenFileDialog();
OpenMXD.Title = "打开地图";
OpenMXD.InitialDirectory = "E:";
OpenMXD.Filter = "Map Documents (*.mxd)|*.mxd";
if (OpenMXD.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
MxdPath = OpenMXD.FileName;
}
return MxdPath;
}
打开shp文件：
public static string[] OpenShapeFile()
{
string[] ShpFile = new string[2];
OpenFileDialog OpenShpFile = new OpenFileDialog();
OpenShpFile.Title = "打开Shape文件";
OpenShpFile.InitialDirectory = "E:";
OpenShpFile.Filter = "Shape文件(*.shp)|*.shp";
if (OpenShpFile.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
string ShapPath = OpenShpFile.FileName;
//利用"\\"将文件路径分成两部分
int Position = ShapPath.LastIndexOf("\\");
string FilePath = ShapPath.Substring(0, Position);
string ShpName = ShapPath.Substring(Position + 1);
ShpFile[0] = FilePath;
ShpFile[1] = ShpName;
}
else
{
return null;
}
return ShpFile;
}
每日疫情分布显示：
市域.shp，再遍历图层获取湖北市域空间数据；如未加载，系统会报错如下： //遍历，寻找市域图层
for (int i = 0; i < this.axMapControl1.Map.LayerCount; i++) {
ILayer layer1 = this.axMapControl1.Map.get_Layer(i);
if (layer1.Name == "市域")
{
layer = layer1 as IFeatureLayer;
break;
}
}
if (layer == null) {
MessageBox.Show("请打开市域图层");
return;
}
//获取图层字段，没有则添加一个num字段
IFeatureClass featureClass = layer.FeatureClass;
int isExist=featureClass.FindField("num");
if (isExist == -1) {
//添加一个字段
IFields pFields = featureClass.Fields;
IFieldsEdit pFieldsEdit = pFields as IFieldsEdit;
IField fld = new FieldClass();
IFieldEdit2 fldE = fld as IFieldEdit2;
fldE.Name_2 = "num";
fldE.AliasName_2 = "数量";
fldE.Type_2 = esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeSingle;
featureClass.AddField(fld);
}
//给字段赋值
IFeatureCursor pFtCursor = featureClass.Search(null, false);
IFeature pFt = pFtCursor.NextFeature();
int index1 = pFt.Fields.FindField("num");
IDataset dataset = (IDataset)featureClass;
IWorkspace workspace = dataset.Workspace;
IWorkspaceEdit workspaceEdit = (IWorkspaceEdit)workspace;
workspaceEdit.StartEditing(true);
workspaceEdit.StartEditOperation();
while (pFt != null) {
int index = pFt.Fields.FindField("code");
String code = pFt.get_Value(index).ToString();
DataRow[] drs=dt.Select("CODE=" + code);
DataTable dtNew = dt.Clone();
for (int i = 0; i < drs.Length; i++)
{
dtNew.ImportRow(drs[i]);
}
String num = dtNew.Rows[0]["AllConfiemed"].ToString();
if (num == "") {
num = "0";
}
pFt.set_Value(index1, Convert.ToInt32(num));
pFt.Store();
pFt = pFtCursor.NextFeature();
}
GisClass.ClassRender(this.axMapControl1.ActiveView, layer, 6, "num");
空间查询操作：
如绘制多边形：先设置绘制类型为多边形，再创建一个多边形元素，设置相应属性，在pGraphicsContainer中添加该多边形；然后鼠标点击时追踪多边形，并局部刷新map
private void drawPolygon_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
{
this.type = 1;
IPolygonElement polygonElement = new PolygonElementClass();
pElement = polygonElement as IElement;
ISimpleFillSymbol simpleFill = new SimpleFillSymbolClass();
simpleFill.Style = esriSimpleFillStyle.esriSFSNull;
simpleFill.Color = GisClass.GetRgbColor(255,0,0);
//设置边线颜色
ILineSymbol lineSymbol = new SimpleLineSymbol();
lineSymbol.Color = GisClass.GetRgbColor(255, 0, 0);
IFillShapeElement shapeEle = pElement as IFillShapeElement;
simpleFill.Outline = lineSymbol;
shapeEle.Symbol = simpleFill;
pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(pElement, 0);
}
private void axMapControl1_OnMouseDown(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnMouseDownEvent e{
.......
if (this.type == 1)
{
IGeometry Polygon = axMapControl1.TrackPolygon();
pElement.Geometry = Polygon;
axMapControl1.ActiveView.PartialRefresh(esriViewDrawPhase.esriViewBackground, null, null);
}
......
}
private void query_btn_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
{
ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
DataTable dt = OperateDatabase.select("data", arr);
this.gridControl1.DataSource = dt;
this.tabControl2.SelectedIndex = 1;
}
private void shapeQuery_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
{
axMapControl1.Map.ClearSelection();
IGraphicsContainer graphicsContainer = axMapControl1.Map as IGraphicsContainer;
graphicsContainer.Reset();
IElement element = graphicsContainer.Next();
//获取图形几何信息
if (element == null) {
MessageBox.Show("请在工具栏选择绘制矩形，多边形，或者圆");
return;
}
IGeometry geometry = element.Geometry;
axMapControl1.Map.SelectByShape(geometry,null,false);
//进行部分刷新显示最新要素
axMapControl1.ActiveView.PartialRefresh(esriViewDrawPhase.esriViewGeoSelection,null,axMapControl1.ActiveView.Extent);
}
属性数据编辑：
修改单元格内容：
//获取修改的单元格
string CellValue = this.gridView1.GetFocusedValue().ToString();
//获取单元格的列名
string ColumnName = this.gridView1.FocusedColumn.FieldName;
//获取所在列的id
DataRow dr = this.gridView1.GetDataRow(e.RowHandle);
string id = dr["id"].ToString();
//修改
ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
if (ColumnName == "name" || ColumnName == "YMD")
{
arr.Add(ColumnName + ":'" + CellValue + "'");
}
else
{
arr.Add(ColumnName + ":" + CellValue);
}
ArrayList arr_where = new ArrayList();
arr_where.Add("id:" + id);
int result = OperateDatabase.Update("data", arr, arr_where);
if (result == 0)
{
MessageBox.Show("该值修改失败");
}
添加数据：
private void add_btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
arr.Add("code:"+this.textBox_code.Text);
arr.Add("name:'" + this.textBox_name.Text+"'");
arr.Add("YMD:'" + this.date_edit.Text+"'");
arr.Add("AllConfiemed:" + this.spinEdit_AllConfiemed.Text);
arr.Add("CurConfirmeed:" + this.spinEdit_CurConfirmeed.Text);
arr.Add("Cured:" + this.spinEdit_Cured.Text);
arr.Add("Death:" + this.spinEdit_Death.Text);
int result = OperateDatabase.Insert("data",arr);
if (result == 1)
{
MessageBox.Show("添加成功");
return;
}else {
MessageBox.Show("添加失败");
return;
}
}
属性查询结果：
在属性查询结果中是以树的方式展示不同图层的查询结果：
private void treeView1_NodeMouseClick(object sender, TreeNodeMouseClickEventArgs e)
{
this.gridView1.Columns.Clear();
currentLayer = e.Node.Tag as IFeatureLayer;
if (currentLayer == null) {
return;
}
IFeatureSelection featureSelection = currentLayer as IFeatureSelection;
//获取选中得要素几何
ISelectionSet selectionSet = featureSelection.SelectionSet;
//获取字段
IFields fields = currentLayer.FeatureClass.Fields;
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
for (int i = 0; i < fields.FieldCount; i++) {
dt.Columns.Add(fields.get_Field(i).Name);
}
//获取整个数据集
ICursor cursor;
selectionSet.Search(null,false,out cursor);
//获取每个要素
IFeatureCursor featureCursor = cursor as IFeatureCursor;
//遍历
IFeature feature = featureCursor.NextFeature();
String[] strs;
while (feature != null) {
strs = new String[fields.FieldCount];
for (int i = 0; i < fields.FieldCount; i++) {
strs[i] = feature.get_Value(i).ToString();
}
dt.Rows.Add(strs);
feature = featureCursor.NextFeature();
}
this.gridControl1.DataSource = dt;
}
疫情统计：
private void statics_btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//查询起始日期的数字
if (this.dateEdit_start.Text == "" || this.dateEdit_target.Text == "") {
MessageBox.Show("请填写起止日期");
return;
}
ArrayList arr1 = new ArrayList();
arr1.Add("YMD:'" + this.dateEdit_start.Text + "'");
DataTable dt1 = OperateDatabase.select("data",arr1);
ArrayList arr2 = new ArrayList();
arr1.Add("YMD:'" + this.dateEdit_target.Text + "'");
DataTable dt2 = OperateDatabase.select("data", arr1);
Series s1 = this.chartControl1.Series[0];
s1.DataSource = dt1;
s1.ArgumentDataMember = "name";
s1.ValueDataMembers[0] = "CurConfirmeed";
}
轨迹分析：
if (this.start_time.EditValue == "" || this.end_time.EditValue == "") {
MessageBox.Show("请选择起止日期");
return;
}
SqlHelper help = new SqlHelper();
String sql = "select * from route where tm between '" + this.start_time.EditValue + "' and '" + this.end_time.EditValue+"'";
DataTable dt = help.getMySqlRead(sql);
ISimpleMarkerSymbol simpleMarkerSymbol = new SimpleMarkerSymbol();
simpleMarkerSymbol.Style = esriSimpleMarkerStyle.esriSMSCircle;
IColor color = GisClass.GetRgbColor(0,255,0);
simpleMarkerSymbol.Color = color;
ILineElement lineElement = new LineElementClass();
IElement ele1 = lineElement as IElement;
ISegment pSegment;
ILine pLine=null;
object o = Type.Missing;
ISegmentCollection pPath = new PathClass();
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) {
IMarkerElement markerEle = new MarkerElementClass();
IElement ele=markerEle as IElement;
IPoint point = new PointClass();
markerEle.Symbol = simpleMarkerSymbol;
point.PutCoords(Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i]["x"].ToString()),Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i]["y"].ToString()));
ele.Geometry = point;
pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(ele,0);
//逐段添加线
if (i > 0 && i < dt.Rows.Count) {
IPoint point1 = new PointClass();
point1.PutCoords(Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i-1]["x"].ToString()), Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i-1]["y"].ToString()));
pLine = new LineClass();
pLine.PutCoords(point1, point);
pSegment = pLine as ISegment;
pPath.AddSegment(pSegment, ref o, ref o);
}
axMapControl1.ActiveView.PartialRefresh(esriViewDrawPhase.esriViewBackground, null, null);
}
IGeometryCollection pPolyline = new PolylineClass();
pPolyline.AddGeometry(pPath as IGeometry, ref o, ref o);
IPolyline polyline = pPolyline as IPolyline;
//获取范围
IEnvelope ev = polyline.Envelope;
this.axMapControl1.ActiveView.Extent = ev;
ele1.Geometry = pPolyline as IPolyline;
pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(ele1, 0);
每日疫情图输出：
添加指北针：
void addNorthArrow(IPageLayout pPageLayout, IEnvelope pEnv, IActiveView pActiveView)
{
if (pPageLayout == null || pActiveView == null)
{
return;
}
ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.IUID uid = new ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.UIDClass();
uid.Value = "esriCarto.MarkerNorthArrow";
ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IGraphicsContainer graphicsContainer = pPageLayout as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IGraphicsContainer;
ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IActiveView activeView = pPageLayout as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IActiveView;
ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IFrameElement frameElement = graphicsContainer.FindFrame(pActiveView.FocusMap);
ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapFrame mapFrame = frameElement as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapFrame; // Dynamic Cast
ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapSurroundFrame mapSurroundFrame = mapFrame.CreateSurroundFrame(uid as ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.UID, null); // Dynamic Cast
ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IElement element = mapSurroundFrame as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IElement; // Dynamic Cast
element.Geometry = pEnv;
element.Activate(activeView.ScreenDisplay);
graphicsContainer.AddElement(element, 0);
ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapSurround mapSurround = mapSurroundFrame.MapSurround;
// Change out the default north arrow
ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMarkerNorthArrow markerNorthArrow = mapSurround as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMarkerNorthArrow; // Dynamic Cast
ESRI.ArcGIS.Display.IMarkerSymbol markerSymbol = markerNorthArrow.MarkerSymbol;
ESRI.ArcGIS.Display.ICharacterMarkerSymbol characterMarkerSymbol = markerSymbol as ESRI.ArcGIS.Display.ICharacterMarkerSymbol; // Dynamic Cast
characterMarkerSymbol.CharacterIndex = 200; // change the symbol for the North Arrow
markerNorthArrow.MarkerSymbol = characterMarkerSymbol;
}
添加比例尺：
public void makeScaleBar(IActiveView pActiveView, IPageLayout pPageLayout, IEnvelope pEnv)
{
IGraphicsContainer container = pPageLayout as IGraphicsContainer;
// 获得MapFrame
IFrameElement frameElement = container.FindFrame(pActiveView.FocusMap);
IMapFrame mapFrame = frameElement as IMapFrame;
//根据MapSurround的uid，创建相应的MapSurroundFrame和MapSurround
UID uid = new UIDClass();
uid.Value = "esriCarto.AlternatingScaleBar";
IMapSurroundFrame mapSurroundFrame = mapFrame.CreateSurroundFrame(uid, null);
//设置MapSurroundFrame中比例尺的样式
IMapSurround mapSurround = mapSurroundFrame.MapSurround;
IScaleBar markerScaleBar = ((IScaleBar)mapSurround);
markerScaleBar.LabelPosition = esriVertPosEnum.esriBelow;
markerScaleBar.UseMapSettings();
//QI，确定mapSurroundFrame的位置
IElement element = mapSurroundFrame as IElement;
element.Geometry = pEnv;
//使用IGraphicsContainer接口添加显示
container.AddElement(element, 0);
pActiveView.Refresh();
}
#endregion
如导出为图片：
private void ExportMapToImage()
{
try
{
SaveFileDialog pSaveDialog = new SaveFileDialog();
pSaveDialog.FileName = "";
pSaveDialog.Filter = "JPG图片(*.JPG)|*.jpg|tif图片(*.tif)|*.tif|PDF文档(*.PDF)|*.pdf";
if (pSaveDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
double iScreenDispalyResolution =this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.ScreenDisplay.DisplayTransformation.Resolution;// 获取屏幕分辨率的值
IExporter pExporter = null;
if (pSaveDialog.FilterIndex == 1)
{
pExporter = new JpegExporterClass();
}
else if (pSaveDialog.FilterIndex == 2)
{
pExporter = new TiffExporterClass();
}
else if (pSaveDialog.FilterIndex == 3)
{
pExporter = new PDFExporterClass();
}
pExporter.ExportFileName = pSaveDialog.FileName;
pExporter.Resolution = (short)iScreenDispalyResolution; //分辨率
tagRECT deviceRect = this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.ScreenDisplay.DisplayTransformation.get_DeviceFrame();
IEnvelope pDeviceEnvelope = new EnvelopeClass();
pDeviceEnvelope.PutCoords(deviceRect.left, deviceRect.bottom, deviceRect.right, deviceRect.top);
pExporter.PixelBounds = pDeviceEnvelope; // 输出图片的范围
ITrackCancel pCancle = new CancelTrackerClass();//可用ESC键取消操作
this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.Output(pExporter.StartExporting(), pExporter.Resolution, ref deviceRect, this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.Extent, pCancle);
Application.DoEvents();
pExporter.FinishExporting();
}
}
catch (Exception Err)
{
MessageBox.Show(Err.Message, "输出图片", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
}
}
除了导出为图片之外，支持多种其他格式，如pdf、jpg等
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