diff --git a/error_translator.go b/error_translator.go
index f674cb13d9e09504887fdcdf765896b9b9dbee01..2e4e77333974d372a4817c54269aaeb3bebce0f7 100644
--- a/error_translator.go
+++ b/error_translator.go
@@ -2,15 +2,20 @@ package sqlite
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"errors"
 )
 
+// ErrDuplicatedKey occurs when there is a unique key constraint violation
+var ErrDuplicatedKey = errors.New("duplicated key not allowed")
+
+// ErrForeignKeyViolated occurs when there is a foreign key constraint violation
+var ErrForeignKeyViolated = errors.New("violates foreign key constraint")
+
 // The error codes to map sqlite errors to gorm errors, here is a reference about error codes for sqlite https://www.sqlite.org/rescode.html.
 var errCodes = map[int]error{
-	1555: gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey,
-	2067: gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey,
-	787:  gorm.ErrForeignKeyViolated,
+	1555: ErrDuplicatedKey,
+	2067: ErrDuplicatedKey,
+	787:  ErrForeignKeyViolated,
 }
 
 type ErrMessage struct {
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index b0d9f26f7368ef85a6dc71f281ac90791c785ab8..98b36ef54af26cd7e7178633a49dc79722504495 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ go 1.20
 
 require (
 	gitee.com/zhijingtech/go-sqlite3 v1.14.17
-	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.2-0.20230530020048-26663ab9bf55
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.24.1
 )
 
 require (
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 748cd3a713719b287a731eb0742f68035105f531..98b8552969a0798f874379a8a57c4382b18c890a 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ gitee.com/zhijingtech/go-sqlite3 v1.14.17 h1:HJaUC84PvMmMZRvKWZ/B/C93jyyEv0ZC1BV
 gitee.com/zhijingtech/go-sqlite3 v1.14.17/go.mod h1:yCbxQX6GuO5HOFYcfu7hH3KiW07tgk5kBIcaY2Oyt18=
 github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 h1:K317FqzuhWc8YvSVlFMCCUb36O/S9MCKRDI7QkRKD/E=
 github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0/go.mod h1:h+uFLlag+Qp1Va5pdKtLDYj+kHp5pxUVkryuEj+Srlc=
+github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.4/go.mod h1:d3SSVoowX0Lcu0IBviAWJpolVfI5UJVZZ7cO71lE/z8=
 github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 h1:/o9tlHleP7gOFmsnYNz3RGnqzefHA47wQpKrrdTIwXQ=
 github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5/go.mod h1:d3SSVoowX0Lcu0IBviAWJpolVfI5UJVZZ7cO71lE/z8=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.25.2-0.20230530020048-26663ab9bf55 h1:sC1Xj4TYrLqg1n3AN10w871An7wJM0gzgcm8jkIkECQ=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.25.2-0.20230530020048-26663ab9bf55/go.mod h1:L4uxeKpfBml98NYqVqwAdmV1a2nBtAec/cf3fpucW/k=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.24.1 h1:CgvzRniUdG67hBAzsxDGOAuq4Te1osVMYsa1eQbd4fs=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.24.1/go.mod h1:DVrVomtaYTbqs7gB/x2uVvqnXzv0nqjB396B8cG4dBA=