'
)
- .map(test => ({
+ .map((test) => ({
html: test.input,
- fragmentContext: test.fragmentContext
+ fragmentContext: test.fragmentContext,
}));
-global.runMicro = function(parser) {
+global.runMicro = function (parser) {
for (const test of microTests) {
if (test.fragmentContext) {
parser.parseFragment(test.fragmentContext, test.html);
@@ -42,22 +43,24 @@ global.runMicro = function(parser) {
};
// Pages data
-const pages = loadSAXParserTestData().map(test => test.src);
+const pages = loadSAXParserTestData().map((test) => test.src);
-global.runPages = function(parser) {
- for (let j = 0; j < pages.length; j++) {
- parser.parse(pages[j]);
+global.runPages = function (parser) {
+ for (const page of pages) {
+ parser.parse(page);
}
};
// Stream data
-global.files = readdirSync(join(__dirname, '../../test/data/sax')).map(dirName =>
- join(__dirname, '../../test/data/sax', dirName, 'src.html')
-);
+global.files = readdirSync(saxPath).map((dirName) => new URL(`${dirName}/src.html`, saxPath).pathname);
// Utils
function getHz(suite, testName) {
- return suite.filter(t => t.name === testName)[0].hz;
+ for (let i = 0; i < suite.length; i++) {
+ if (suite[i].name === testName) {
+ return suite[i].hz;
+ }
+ }
}
function runBench({ name, workingCopyFn, upstreamFn, defer = false }) {
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ function runBench({ name, workingCopyFn, upstreamFn, defer = false }) {
.add('Working copy', workingCopyFn, { defer })
.add('Upstream', upstreamFn, { defer })
.on('start', () => console.log(name))
- .on('cycle', event => console.log(String(event.target)))
+ .on('cycle', (event) => console.log(String(event.target)))
.on('complete', () => {
const workingCopyHz = getHz(suite, 'Working copy');
const upstreamHz = getHz(suite, 'Upstream');
@@ -85,56 +88,49 @@ function runBench({ name, workingCopyFn, upstreamFn, defer = false }) {
runBench({
name: 'parse5 regression benchmark - MICRO',
workingCopyFn: () => runMicro(workingCopy),
- upstreamFn: () => runMicro(upstreamParser)
+ upstreamFn: () => runMicro(upstreamParser),
});
runBench({
name: 'parse5 regression benchmark - HUGE',
workingCopyFn: () => workingCopy.parse(hugePage),
- upstreamFn: () => upstreamParser.parse(hugePage)
+ upstreamFn: () => upstreamParser.parse(hugePage),
});
runBench({
name: 'parse5 regression benchmark - PAGES',
workingCopyFn: () => runPages(workingCopy),
- upstreamFn: () => runPages(upstreamParser)
+ upstreamFn: () => runPages(upstreamParser),
});
runBench({
name: 'parse5 regression benchmark - STREAM',
defer: true,
- workingCopyFn: async deferred => {
- const parsePromises = files.map(
- fileName =>
- new Promise(resolve => {
- const stream = createReadStream(fileName, 'utf8');
- const parserStream = new WorkingCopyParserStream();
-
- stream.pipe(parserStream);
- parserStream.on('finish', resolve);
- })
- );
+ workingCopyFn: async (deferred) => {
+ const parsePromises = files.map((fileName) => {
+ const stream = createReadStream(fileName, 'utf8');
+ const parserStream = new WorkingCopyParserStream();
+
+ stream.pipe(parserStream);
+ return finished(parserStream);
+ });
await Promise.all(parsePromises);
deferred.resolve();
},
- upstreamFn: async deferred => {
- const parsePromises = files.map(
- fileName =>
- new Promise(resolve => {
- const stream = createReadStream(fileName, 'utf8');
- const writable = new WritableStreamStub();
-
- writable.on('finish', () => {
- upstreamParser.parse(writable.writtenData);
- resolve();
- });
-
- stream.pipe(writable);
- })
- );
+ upstreamFn: async (deferred) => {
+ const parsePromises = files.map(async (fileName) => {
+ const stream = createReadStream(fileName, 'utf8');
+ const writable = new WritableStreamStub();
+
+ stream.pipe(writable);
+
+ await finished(writable);
+
+ upstreamParser.parse(writable.writtenData);
+ });
await Promise.all(parsePromises);
deferred.resolve();
- }
+ },
});
diff --git a/bundle.json b/bundle.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d74a141727c1b79a91e9e7498bb05cab0d12f43..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/bundle.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-{
- "name": "@ohos/parse5",
- "description": "HTML parser and serializer.",
- "version": "3.1",
- "license": "Apache V2",
- "publishAs": "code-segment",
- "segment": {
- "destPath": "third_party/parse5"
- },
- "dirs": {},
- "scripts": {},
- "component": {
- "name": "thirdparty_parse5",
- "subsystem": "developtools",
- "syscap": [],
- "features": [],
- "adapted_system_type": [],
- "rom": "",
- "ram": "",
- "deps": {
- "components": [],
- "third_party": []
- },
- "build": {
- "sub_component": [],
- "inner_kits": [],
- "test": []
- }
- }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/list-of-packages.md b/docs/list-of-packages.md
index e5fd8d37e2b751c0ca14b56bb204f6d7d24ff268..9c5f9070dd245164624f3a42c7622e2d1774d548 100644
--- a/docs/list-of-packages.md
+++ b/docs/list-of-packages.md
@@ -5,5 +5,4 @@
- [parse5-parser-stream](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/tree/master/packages/parse5-parser-stream) - streaming HTML parser with scripting support.
- [parse5-plain-text-conversion-stream](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/tree/master/packages/parse5-plain-text-conversion-stream) - stream that converts plain text files into HTML documents.
- [parse5-sax-parser](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/tree/master/packages/parse5-sax-parser) - streaming SAX-style HTML parser.
-- [parse5-serializer-stream](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/tree/master/packages/parse5-serializer-stream) - streaming HTML serializer.
- [parse5-html-rewriting-stream](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/tree/master/packages/parse5-html-rewriting-stream) - streaming HTML rewriter.
diff --git a/docs/version-history.md b/docs/version-history.md
index 43ddae41907dd632fde06b9d88ec95758ffab867..d3f0dbe1107aa30b54e9b4b08f4d60c100d3f05e 100644
--- a/docs/version-history.md
+++ b/docs/version-history.md
@@ -1,230 +1,3 @@
-# Version history
+# Changelog
-# 6.0.1
-* Fixed: Handling of self-closing `` tags are handled by the parser. (GH [#192](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/192)).
-
-* Added: [HTML rewriting stream](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/tree/master/packages/parse5-html-rewriting-stream#readme).
-(GH [#222](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/222)).
-
-* Removed (**breaking**): `parse5` no longer ship TypeScript definitions. Existing TypeScript definitions
-have been moved to DefinitelyTyped repo. Please, track the [PR](https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/pull/25943) in the DefinitelyTyped repo for the updates.
-
-
-## 4.0.0
-This is a major release that delivers few minor (but breaking) changes to workaround recently appeared
-issues with TypeScript Node.js typings versioning and usage of parse5 in environments that are
-distinct from Node.js (see https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/235 for the details).
-
-* Updated (**breaking**): TypeScript were disabled by default. See [TypeScript definitions](#typescript-definitions) section
-for the details on how to enable them.
-* Updated: API that depends on Node.js specific (namely `ParserStream`, `PlainTextConversionStream`,
-`SerializerStream`, `SAXParser`) is now lazily loaded. That enables bundling of the basic functionality
-for other platforms (e.g. for browsers via webpack).
-
-## 3.0.3
-* Fixed: Loosen the dependency version of `@types/node` (by [@gfx](https://github.com/gfx)).
-* Fixed: Incorrect AST generated if empty string fed to `ParserStream` (GH [#195](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/195)) (by [@stevenvachon](https://github.com/stevenvachon)).
-
-## 3.0.2
-* Fixed: `location.startTag` is not available if end tag is missing (GH [#181](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/181)).
-
-## 3.0.1
-* Fixed: `MarkupData.Location.col` description in TypeScript definition file (GH [#170](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/170)).
-
-## 3.0.0
-* Added: parse5 now ships with TypeScript definitions from which [new documentation website](http://inikulin.github.io/parse5/) is generated (GH [#125](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/125)).
-* Added: [PlainTextConversionStream](http://inikulin.github.io/parse5/classes/plaintextconversionstream.html) (GH [#135](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/135)).
-* Updated: [Significantly reduced initial memory consumption](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/tree/master/scripts/generate_named_entity_data#named-entity-array-mapped-radix-tree-generator) (GH [#52](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/52)).
-* Updated (**breaking**): Added support for limited quirks mode. `document.quirksMode` property was replaced with `document.mode` property which can have
- `'no-quirks'`, `'quirks'` and `'limited-quirks'` values. Tree adapter `setQuirksMode ` and `isQuirksMode` methods were replaced with `setDocumentMode` and `getDocumentMode` methods (GH [#83](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/83)).
-* Updated (**breaking**): AST collections (e.g. attributes dictionary) don't have prototype anymore (GH [#119](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/119)).
-* Updated (**breaking**): Doctype now always serialized as `` as per spec (GH [#137](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/137)).
-* Fixed: Incorrect line for `__location.endTag` when the start tag contains newlines (GH [#166](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/166)) (by [@webdesus](https://github.com/webdesus)).
-
-## 2.2.3
- * Fixed: Fixed incorrect LocationInfo.endOffset for non-implicitly closed elements (refix for GH [#109](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/109)) (by [@wooorm](https://github.com/wooorm)).
-
-## 2.2.2
- * Fixed: Incorrect location info for text in SAXParser (GH [#153](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/153)).
- * Fixed: Incorrect `LocationInfo.endOffset` for implicitly closed `` element (GH [#109](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/109)).
- * Fixed: Infinite input data buffering in streaming parsers. Now parsers try to not buffer more than 64K of input data.
- However, there are still some edge cases left that will lead to significant memory consumption, but they are quite exotic
- and extremely rare in the wild (GH [#102](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/102), GH [#130](https://github.com/inikulin/parse5/issues/130));
-
-
-## 2.2.1
- * Fixed: SAXParser HTML integration point handling for adjustable SVG tags.
- * Fixed: SAXParser now adjust SVG tag names for end tags.
- * Fixed: Location info line calculation on tokenizer character unconsumption (by [@ChadKillingsworth](https://github.com/ChadKillingsworth)).
-
-## 2.2.0
-* SAXParser (by [@RReverser](https://github.com/RReverser))
- * Fixed: Handling of `\n` in `
`, `
-
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-
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-Something went wrong with that request. Please try again.
-
inikulin/parse5
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+
HTML Standard Table of contents
-
-
-1 Introduction1.1 Where does this specification fit?1.2 Is this HTML5?1.3 Background1.4 Audience1.5 Scope1.6 History1.7 Design notes1.7.1 Serializability of script execution1.7.2 Compliance with other specifications1.7.3 Extensibility1.8 HTML vs XHTML1.9 Structure of this specification1.9.1 How to read this specification1.9.2 Typographic conventions1.10 Privacy concerns1.11 A quick introduction to HTML1.11.1 Writing secure applications with HTML1.11.2 Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs1.11.3 How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers1.12 Conformance requirements for authors1.12.1 Presentational markup1.12.2 Syntax errors1.12.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values1.13 Suggested reading2 Common infrastructure2.1 Terminology2.1.1 Resources2.1.2 XML2.1.3 DOM trees2.1.4 Scripting2.1.5 Plugins2.1.6 Character encodings2.2 Conformance requirements2.2.1 Conformance classes2.2.2 Dependencies2.2.3 Extensibility2.2.4 Interactions with XPath and XSLT2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison2.4 Common microsyntaxes2.4.1 Common parser idioms2.4.2 Boolean attributes2.4.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes2.4.4 Numbers2.4.4.1 Signed integers2.4.4.2 Non-negative integers2.4.4.3 Floating-point numbers2.4.4.4 Percentages and lengths2.4.4.5 Lists of integers2.4.4.6 Lists of dimensions2.4.5 Dates and times2.4.5.1 Months2.4.5.2 Dates2.4.5.3 Yearless dates2.4.5.4 Times2.4.5.5 Local dates and times2.4.5.6 Time zones2.4.5.7 Global dates and times2.4.5.8 Weeks2.4.5.9 Durations2.4.5.10 Vaguer moments in time2.4.6 Colors2.4.7 Space-separated tokens2.4.8 Comma-separated tokens2.4.9 References2.4.10 Media queries2.5 URLs2.5.1 Terminology2.5.2 Resolving URLs2.5.3 Dynamic changes to base URLs2.6 Fetching resources2.6.1 Terminology2.6.2 Processing model2.6.3 Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns2.6.4 Determining the type of a resource2.6.5 Extracting character encodings from meta elements2.6.6 CORS settings attributes2.6.7 CORS-enabled fetch2.7 Common DOM interfaces2.7.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes2.7.2 Collections2.7.2.1 HTMLAllCollection2.7.2.2 HTMLFormControlsCollection2.7.2.3 HTMLOptionsCollection2.7.2.4 HTMLPropertiesCollection2.7.3 DOMStringMap2.7.4 DOMElementMap2.7.5 Transferable objects2.7.6 Safe passing of structured data2.7.7 Callbacks2.7.8 Garbage collection2.8 Namespaces3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents3.1 Documents3.1.1 The Document object3.1.2 Resource metadata management3.1.3 DOM tree accessors3.1.4 Loading XML documents3.2 Elements3.2.1 Semantics3.2.2 Elements in the DOM3.2.3 Element definitions3.2.3.1 Attributes3.2.4 Content models3.2.4.1 Kinds of content3.2.4.1.1 Metadata content3.2.4.1.2 Flow content3.2.4.1.3 Sectioning content3.2.4.1.4 Heading content3.2.4.1.5 Phrasing content3.2.4.1.6 Embedded content3.2.4.1.7 Interactive content3.2.4.1.8 Palpable content3.2.4.1.9 Script-supporting elements3.2.4.2 Transparent content models3.2.4.3 Paragraphs3.2.5 Global attributes3.2.5.1 The id attribute3.2.5.2 The title attribute3.2.5.3 The lang and xml:lang attributes3.2.5.4 The translate attribute3.2.5.5 The xml:base attribute (XML only)3.2.5.6 The dir attribute3.2.5.7 The class attribute3.2.5.8 The style attribute3.2.5.9 Embedding custom non-visible data with the data-* attributes3.2.6 Requirements relating to the bidirectional algorithm3.2.6.1 Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters3.2.6.2 User agent conformance criteria3.2.7 WAI-ARIA4 The elements of HTML4.1 The root element4.1.1 The html element4.2 Document metadata4.2.1 The head element4.2.2 The title element4.2.3 The base element4.2.4 The link element4.2.5 The meta element4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names4.2.5.2 Other metadata names4.2.5.3 Pragma directives4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding4.2.6 The style element4.2.6.1 The @global rule4.2.7 Interactions of styling and scripting4.3 Sections4.3.1 The body element4.3.2 The article element4.3.3 The section element4.3.4 The nav element4.3.5 The aside element4.3.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and
-h6 elements4.3.7 The hgroup element4.3.8 The header element4.3.9 The footer element4.3.10 The address element4.3.11 Headings and sections4.3.11.1 Creating an outline4.3.11.2 Sample outlines4.3.12 Usage summary4.3.12.1 Article or section?4.4 Grouping content4.4.1 The p element4.4.2 The hr element4.4.3 The pre element4.4.4 The blockquote element4.4.5 The ol element4.4.6 The ul element4.4.7 The li element4.4.8 The dl element4.4.9 The dt element4.4.10 The dd element4.4.11 The figure element4.4.12 The figcaption element4.4.13 The main element4.4.14 The div element4.5 Text-level semantics4.5.1 The a element4.5.2 The em element4.5.3 The strong element4.5.4 The small element4.5.5 The s element4.5.6 The cite element4.5.7 The q element4.5.8 The dfn element4.5.9 The abbr element4.5.10 The data element4.5.11 The time element4.5.12 The code element4.5.13 The var element4.5.14 The samp element4.5.15 The kbd element4.5.16 The sub and sup elements4.5.17 The i element4.5.18 The b element4.5.19 The u element4.5.20 The mark element4.5.21 The ruby element4.5.22 The rt element4.5.23 The rp element4.5.24 The bdi element4.5.25 The bdo element4.5.26 The span element4.5.27 The br element4.5.28 The wbr element4.5.29 Usage summary4.6 Edits4.6.1 The ins element4.6.2 The del element4.6.3 Attributes common to ins and del elements4.6.4 Edits and paragraphs4.6.5 Edits and lists4.6.6 Edits and tables4.7 Embedded content4.7.1 The img element4.7.1.1 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images4.7.1.1.1 General guidelines4.7.1.1.2 A link or button containing nothing but the image4.7.1.1.3 A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations4.7.1.1.4 A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos4.7.1.1.5 Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect4.7.1.1.6 A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text4.7.1.1.7 A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information4.7.1.1.8 A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links4.7.1.1.9 A group of images that form a single larger picture with links4.7.1.1.10 A key part of the content4.7.1.1.11 An image not intended for the user4.7.1.1.12 An image in an e-mail or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images4.7.1.1.13 Guidance for markup generators4.7.1.1.14 Guidance for conformance checkers4.7.1.2 Adaptive images4.7.2 The iframe element4.7.3 The embed element4.7.4 The object element4.7.5 The param element4.7.6 The video element4.7.7 The audio element4.7.8 The source element4.7.9 The track element4.7.10 Media elements4.7.10.1 Error codes4.7.10.2 Location of the media resource4.7.10.3 MIME types4.7.10.4 Network states4.7.10.5 Loading the media resource4.7.10.6 Offsets into the media resource4.7.10.7 Ready states4.7.10.8 Playing the media resource4.7.10.9 Seeking4.7.10.10 Media resources with multiple media tracks4.7.10.10.1 AudioTrackList and VideoTrackList objects4.7.10.10.2 Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively4.7.10.11 Synchronising multiple media elements4.7.10.11.1 Introduction4.7.10.11.2 Media controllers4.7.10.11.3 Assigning a media controller declaratively4.7.10.12 Timed text tracks4.7.10.12.1 Text track model4.7.10.12.2 Sourcing in-band text tracks4.7.10.12.3 Sourcing out-of-band text tracks4.7.10.12.4 Guidelines for exposing cues in various formats as text track cues4.7.10.12.5 Text track API4.7.10.12.6 Text tracks describing chapters4.7.10.12.7 Event handlers for objects of the text track APIs4.7.10.12.8 Best practices for metadata text tracks4.7.10.13 User interface4.7.10.14 Time ranges4.7.10.15 The TrackEvent interface4.7.10.16 Event summary4.7.10.17 Security and privacy considerations4.7.10.18 Best practices for authors using media elements4.7.10.19 Best practices for implementors of media elements4.7.11 The map element4.7.12 The area element4.7.13 Image maps4.7.13.1 Authoring4.7.13.2 Processing model4.7.14 MathML4.7.15 SVG4.7.16 Dimension attributes4.8 Links4.8.1 Introduction4.8.2 Links created by a and area elements4.8.3 Following hyperlinks4.8.4 Downloading resources4.8.4.1 Hyperlink auditing4.8.5 Link types4.8.5.1 Link type "alternate"4.8.5.2 Link type "author"4.8.5.3 Link type "bookmark"4.8.5.4 Link type "external"4.8.5.5 Link type "help"4.8.5.6 Link type "icon"4.8.5.7 Link type "license"4.8.5.8 Link type "nofollow"4.8.5.9 Link type "noreferrer"4.8.5.10 Link type "pingback"4.8.5.11 Link type "prefetch"4.8.5.12 Link type "search"4.8.5.13 Link type "sidebar"4.8.5.14 Link type "stylesheet"4.8.5.15 Link type "tag"4.8.5.16 Sequential link types4.8.5.16.1 Link type "next"4.8.5.16.2 Link type "prev"4.8.5.17 Other link types4.9 Tabular data4.9.1 The table element4.9.1.1 Techniques for describing tables4.9.1.2 Techniques for table design4.9.2 The caption element4.9.3 The colgroup element4.9.4 The col element4.9.5 The tbody element4.9.6 The thead element4.9.7 The tfoot element4.9.8 The tr element4.9.9 The td element4.9.10 The th element4.9.11 Attributes common to td and th elements4.9.12 Processing model4.9.12.1 Forming a table4.9.12.2 Forming relationships between data cells and header cells4.9.13 Table sorting model4.9.14 Examples4.10 Forms4.10.1 Introduction4.10.1.1 Writing a form's user interface4.10.1.2 Implementing the server-side processing for a form4.10.1.3 Configuring a form to communicate with a server4.10.1.4 Client-side form validation4.10.1.5 Enabling client-side automatic filling of form controls4.10.1.6 Improving the user experience on mobile devices4.10.1.7 The difference between the field type, the autofill field name, and the input modality4.10.1.8 Date, time, and number formats4.10.2 Categories4.10.3 The form element4.10.4 The label element4.10.5 The input element4.10.5.1 States of the type attribute4.10.5.1.1 Hidden state (type=hidden)4.10.5.1.2 Text (type=text) state and Search state (type=search)4.10.5.1.3 Telephone state (type=tel)4.10.5.1.4 URL state (type=url)4.10.5.1.5 E-mail state (type=email)4.10.5.1.6 Password state (type=password)4.10.5.1.7 Date and Time state (type=datetime)4.10.5.1.8 Date state (type=date)4.10.5.1.9 Month state (type=month)4.10.5.1.10 Week state (type=week)4.10.5.1.11 Time state (type=time)4.10.5.1.12 Local Date and Time state (type=datetime-local)4.10.5.1.13 Number state (type=number)4.10.5.1.14 Range state (type=range)4.10.5.1.15 Color state (type=color)4.10.5.1.16 Checkbox state (type=checkbox)4.10.5.1.17 Radio Button state (type=radio)4.10.5.1.18 File Upload state (type=file)4.10.5.1.19 Submit Button state (type=submit)4.10.5.1.20 Image Button state (type=image)4.10.5.1.21 Reset Button state (type=reset)4.10.5.1.22 Button state (type=button)4.10.5.2 Implemention notes regarding localization of form controls4.10.5.3 Common input element attributes4.10.5.3.1 The maxlength and minlength attributes4.10.5.3.2 The size attribute4.10.5.3.3 The readonly attribute4.10.5.3.4 The required attribute4.10.5.3.5 The multiple attribute4.10.5.3.6 The pattern attribute4.10.5.3.7 The min and max attributes4.10.5.3.8 The step attribute4.10.5.3.9 The list attribute4.10.5.3.10 The placeholder attribute4.10.5.4 Common input element APIs4.10.5.5 Common event behaviors4.10.6 The button element4.10.7 The select element4.10.8 The datalist element4.10.9 The optgroup element4.10.10 The option element4.10.11 The textarea element4.10.12 The keygen element4.10.13 The output element4.10.14 The progress element4.10.15 The meter element4.10.16 The fieldset element4.10.17 The legend element4.10.18 Form control infrastructure4.10.18.1 A form control's value4.10.18.2 Mutability4.10.18.3 Association of controls and forms4.10.19 Attributes common to form controls4.10.19.1 Naming form controls: the name attribute4.10.19.2 Submitting element directionality: the dirname attribute4.10.19.3 Limiting user input length: the maxlength attribute4.10.19.4 Setting minimum input length requirements: the minlength attribute4.10.19.5 Enabling and disabling form controls: the disabled attribute4.10.19.6 Form submission4.10.19.7 Autofocusing a form control: the autofocus attribute4.10.19.8 Input modalities: the inputmode attribute4.10.19.9 Autofilling form controls: the autocomplete attribute4.10.20 APIs for the text field selections4.10.21 Constraints4.10.21.1 Definitions4.10.21.2 Constraint validation4.10.21.3 The constraint validation API4.10.21.4 Security4.10.22 Form submission4.10.22.1 Introduction4.10.22.2 Implicit submission4.10.22.3 Form submission algorithm4.10.22.4 Constructing the form data set4.10.22.5 Selecting a form submission encoding4.10.22.6 URL-encoded form data4.10.22.7 Multipart form data4.10.22.8 Plain text form data4.10.23 Resetting a form4.11 Interactive elements4.11.1 The details element4.11.2 The summary element4.11.3 The menu element4.11.4 The menuitem element4.11.5 Context menus4.11.5.1 Declaring a context menu4.11.5.2 Processing model4.11.5.3 The RelatedEvent interfaces4.11.6 Commands4.11.6.1 Facets4.11.6.2 Using the a element to define a command4.11.6.3 Using the button element to define a command4.11.6.4 Using the input element to define a command4.11.6.5 Using the option element to define a command4.11.6.6 Using the menuitem element to define a
-command4.11.6.7 Using the command attribute on menuitem elements to define
-a command indirectly4.11.6.8 Using the accesskey attribute
-on a label element to define a command4.11.6.9 Using the accesskey attribute
-on a legend element to define a command4.11.6.10 Using the accesskey
-attribute to define a command on other elements4.11.7 The dialog element4.11.7.1 Anchor points4.12 Scripting4.12.1 The script element4.12.1.1 Scripting languages4.12.1.2 Restrictions for contents of script elements4.12.1.3 Inline documentation for external scripts4.12.1.4 Interaction of script elements and XSLT4.12.2 The noscript element4.12.3 The template element4.12.3.1 Interaction of template elements with XSLT and XPath4.12.4 The canvas element4.12.4.1 Proxying canvases to workers4.12.4.2 The 2D rendering context4.12.4.2.1 Implementation notes4.12.4.2.2 The canvas state4.12.4.2.3 DrawingStyle objects4.12.4.2.4 Line styles4.12.4.2.5 Text styles4.12.4.2.6 Building paths4.12.4.2.7 Path objects4.12.4.2.8 Transformations4.12.4.2.9 Image sources for 2D rendering contexts4.12.4.2.10 Fill and stroke styles4.12.4.2.11 Drawing rectangles to the bitmap4.12.4.2.12 Drawing text to the bitmap4.12.4.2.13 Drawing paths to the canvas4.12.4.2.14 Drawing images4.12.4.2.15 Hit regions4.12.4.2.16 Pixel manipulation4.12.4.2.17 Compositing4.12.4.2.18 Image smoothing4.12.4.2.19 Shadows4.12.4.2.20 Drawing model4.12.4.2.21 Best practices4.12.4.2.22 Examples4.12.4.3 Color spaces and color correction4.12.4.4 Serializing bitmaps to a file4.12.4.5 Security with canvas elements4.13 Common idioms without dedicated elements4.13.1 The main part of the content4.13.2 Bread crumb navigation4.13.3 Tag clouds4.13.4 Conversations4.13.5 Footnotes4.14 Disabled elements4.15 Matching HTML elements using selectors4.15.1 Case-sensitivity4.15.2 Pseudo-classes5 Microdata5.1 Introduction5.1.1 Overview5.1.2 The basic syntax5.1.3 Typed items5.1.4 Global identifiers for items5.1.5 Selecting names when defining vocabularies5.1.6 Using the microdata DOM API5.2 Encoding microdata5.2.1 The microdata model5.2.2 Items5.2.3 Names: the itemprop attribute5.2.4 Values5.2.5 Associating names with items5.2.6 Microdata and other namespaces5.3 Microdata DOM API5.4 Sample microdata vocabularies5.4.1 vCard5.4.1.1 Conversion to vCard5.4.1.2 Examples5.4.2 vEvent5.4.2.1 Conversion to iCalendar5.4.2.2 Examples5.4.3 Licensing works5.4.3.1 Examples5.5 Converting HTML to other formats5.5.1 JSON6 Loading Web pages6.1 Browsing contexts6.1.1 Nested browsing contexts6.1.1.1 Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM6.1.2 Auxiliary browsing contexts6.1.2.1 Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM6.1.3 Secondary browsing contexts6.1.4 Security6.1.5 Groupings of browsing contexts6.1.6 Browsing context names6.2 The Window object6.2.1 Security6.2.2 APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name6.2.3 Accessing other browsing contexts6.2.4 Named access on the Window object6.2.5 Garbage collection and browsing contexts6.2.6 Closing browsing contexts6.2.7 Browser interface elements6.2.8 The WindowProxy object6.3 Origin6.3.1 Relaxing the same-origin restriction6.4 Sandboxing6.5 Session history and navigation6.5.1 The session history of browsing contexts6.5.2 The History interface6.5.3 The Location interface6.5.3.1 Security6.5.4 Implementation notes for session history6.6 Browsing the Web6.6.1 Navigating across documents6.6.2 Page load processing model for HTML files6.6.3 Page load processing model for XML files6.6.4 Page load processing model for text files6.6.5 Page load processing model for multipart/x-mixed-replace resources6.6.6 Page load processing model for media6.6.7 Page load processing model for content that uses plugins6.6.8 Page load processing model for inline
-content that doesn't have a DOM6.6.9 Navigating to a fragment identifier6.6.10 History traversal6.6.10.1 The PopStateEvent interface6.6.10.2 The HashChangeEvent interface6.6.10.3 The PageTransitionEvent interface6.6.11 Unloading documents6.6.11.1 The BeforeUnloadEvent interface6.6.12 Aborting a document load6.7 Offline Web applications6.7.1 Introduction6.7.1.1 Supporting offline caching for legacy applications6.7.1.2 Event summary6.7.2 Application caches6.7.3 The cache manifest syntax6.7.3.1 Some sample manifests6.7.3.2 Writing cache manifests6.7.3.3 Parsing cache manifests6.7.4 Downloading or updating an application cache6.7.5 The application cache selection algorithm6.7.6 Changes to the networking model6.7.7 Expiring application caches6.7.8 Disk space6.7.9 Application cache API6.7.10 Browser state7 Web application APIs7.1 Scripting7.1.1 Introduction7.1.2 Enabling and disabling scripting7.1.3 Processing model7.1.3.1 Definitions7.1.3.2 Script settings for browsing contexts7.1.3.3 Calling scripts7.1.3.4 Creating scripts7.1.3.5 Killing scripts7.1.3.6 Runtime script errors7.1.3.6.1 Runtime script errors in documents7.1.3.6.2 The ErrorEvent interface7.1.4 Event loops7.1.4.1 Definitions7.1.4.2 Processing model7.1.4.3 Generic task sources7.1.5 Events7.1.5.1 Event handlers7.1.5.2 Event handlers on elements, Document objects, and Window objects7.1.5.2.1 IDL definitions7.1.5.3 Event firing7.1.5.4 Events and the Window object7.2 Base64 utility methods7.3 Dynamic markup insertion7.3.1 Opening the input stream7.3.2 Closing the input stream7.3.3 document.write()7.3.4 document.writeln()7.4 Timers7.5 User prompts7.5.1 Simple dialogs7.5.2 Printing7.5.3 Dialogs implemented using separate documents7.6 System state and capabilities7.6.1 The Navigator object7.6.1.1 Client identification7.6.1.2 Language preferences7.6.1.3 Custom scheme and content handlers7.6.1.3.1 Security and privacy7.6.1.3.2 Sample user interface7.6.1.4 Manually releasing the storage mutex7.6.1.5 Plugins7.6.2 The External interface7.7 Images8 User interaction8.1 The hidden attribute8.2 Inert subtrees8.2.1 The inert attribute8.3 Activation8.4 Focus8.4.1 Sequential focus navigation and the tabindex attribute8.4.2 Focus management8.4.3 Document-level focus APIs8.4.4 Element-level focus APIs8.5 Assigning keyboard shortcuts8.5.1 Introduction8.5.2 The accesskey attribute8.5.3 Processing model8.6 Editing8.6.1 Making document regions editable: The contenteditable content attribute8.6.2 Making entire documents editable: The designMode IDL attribute8.6.3 Best practices for in-page editors8.6.4 Editing APIs8.6.5 Spelling and grammar checking8.7 Drag and drop8.7.1 Introduction8.7.2 The drag data store8.7.3 The DataTransfer interface8.7.3.1 The DataTransferItemList interface8.7.3.2 The DataTransferItem interface8.7.4 The DragEvent interface8.7.5 Drag-and-drop processing model8.7.6 Events summary8.7.7 The draggable attribute8.7.8 The dropzone attribute8.7.9 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model9 Communication9.1 The MessageEvent interfaces9.2 Server-sent events9.2.1 Introduction9.2.2 The EventSource interface9.2.3 Processing model9.2.4 Parsing an event stream9.2.5 Interpreting an event stream9.2.6 Authoring notes9.2.7 Connectionless push and other features9.2.8 Garbage collection9.2.9 Implementation advice9.2.10 IANA considerations9.2.10.1 text/event-stream9.2.10.2 Last-Event-ID9.3 Web sockets9.3.1 Introduction9.3.2 The WebSocket interface9.3.3 Feedback from the protocol9.3.4 Ping and Pong frames9.3.5 Parsing WebSocket URLs9.3.6 The CloseEvent interfaces9.3.7 Garbage collection9.4 Cross-document messaging9.4.1 Introduction9.4.2 Security9.4.2.1 Authors9.4.2.2 User agents9.4.3 Posting messages9.5 Channel messaging9.5.1 Introduction9.5.1.1 Examples9.5.1.2 Ports as the basis of an object-capability model on the Web9.5.1.3 Ports as the basis of abstracting out service implementations9.5.2 Message channels9.5.3 Message ports9.5.4 Broadcasting to many ports9.5.5 Ports and garbage collection9.6 Broadcasting to other browsing contexts10 Web workers10.1 Introduction10.1.1 Scope10.1.2 Examples10.1.2.1 A background number-crunching worker10.1.2.2 Worker used for background I/O10.1.2.3 Shared workers introduction10.1.2.4 Shared state using a shared worker10.1.2.5 Delegation10.1.3 Tutorials10.1.3.1 Creating a dedicated worker10.1.3.2 Communicating with a dedicated worker10.1.3.3 Shared workers10.2 Infrastructure10.2.1 The global scope10.2.1.1 The WorkerGlobalScope common interface10.2.1.2 Dedicated workers and the DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope interface10.2.1.3 Shared workers and the SharedWorkerGlobalScope interface10.2.2 The event loop10.2.3 The worker's lifetime10.2.4 Processing model10.2.5 Runtime script errors10.2.6 Creating workers10.2.6.1 The AbstractWorker abstract interface10.2.6.2 Script settings for workers10.2.6.3 Dedicated workers and the Worker interface10.2.6.4 Shared workers and the SharedWorker interface10.3 APIs available to workers10.3.1 Importing scripts and libraries10.3.2 The WorkerNavigator object10.3.3 Interface objects and constructors10.3.4 Worker locations11 Web storage11.1 Introduction11.2 The API11.2.1 The Storage interface11.2.2 The sessionStorage attribute11.2.3 The localStorage attribute11.2.4 The storage event11.2.4.1 The StorageEvent interface11.2.5 Threads11.3 Disk space11.4 Privacy11.4.1 User tracking11.4.2 Sensitivity of data11.5 Security11.5.1 DNS spoofing attacks11.5.2 Cross-directory attacks11.5.3 Implementation risks12 The HTML syntax12.1 Writing HTML documents12.1.1 The DOCTYPE12.1.2 Elements12.1.2.1 Start tags12.1.2.2 End tags12.1.2.3 Attributes12.1.2.4 Optional tags12.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models12.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements12.1.3 Text12.1.3.1 Newlines12.1.4 Character references12.1.5 CDATA sections12.1.6 Comments12.2 Parsing HTML documents12.2.1 Overview of the parsing model12.2.2 The input byte stream12.2.2.1 Parsing with a known character encoding12.2.2.2 Determining the character encoding12.2.2.3 Character encodings12.2.2.4 Changing the encoding while parsing12.2.2.5 Preprocessing the input stream12.2.3 Parse state12.2.3.1 The insertion mode12.2.3.2 The stack of open elements12.2.3.3 The list of active formatting elements12.2.3.4 The element pointers12.2.3.5 Other parsing state flags12.2.4 Tokenization12.2.4.1 Data state12.2.4.2 Character reference in data state12.2.4.3 RCDATA state12.2.4.4 Character reference in RCDATA state12.2.4.5 RAWTEXT state12.2.4.6 Script data state12.2.4.7 PLAINTEXT state12.2.4.8 Tag open state12.2.4.9 End tag open state12.2.4.10 Tag name state12.2.4.11 RCDATA less-than sign state12.2.4.12 RCDATA end tag open state12.2.4.13 RCDATA end tag name state12.2.4.14 RAWTEXT less-than sign state12.2.4.15 RAWTEXT end tag open state12.2.4.16 RAWTEXT end tag name state12.2.4.17 Script data less-than sign state12.2.4.18 Script data end tag open state12.2.4.19 Script data end tag name state12.2.4.20 Script data escape start state12.2.4.21 Script data escape start dash state12.2.4.22 Script data escaped state12.2.4.23 Script data escaped dash state12.2.4.24 Script data escaped dash dash state12.2.4.25 Script data escaped less-than sign state12.2.4.26 Script data escaped end tag open state12.2.4.27 Script data escaped end tag name state12.2.4.28 Script data double escape start state12.2.4.29 Script data double escaped state12.2.4.30 Script data double escaped dash state12.2.4.31 Script data double escaped dash dash state12.2.4.32 Script data double escaped less-than sign state12.2.4.33 Script data double escape end state12.2.4.34 Before attribute name state12.2.4.35 Attribute name state12.2.4.36 After attribute name state12.2.4.37 Before attribute value state12.2.4.38 Attribute value (double-quoted) state12.2.4.39 Attribute value (single-quoted) state12.2.4.40 Attribute value (unquoted) state12.2.4.41 Character reference in attribute value state12.2.4.42 After attribute value (quoted) state12.2.4.43 Self-closing start tag state12.2.4.44 Bogus comment state12.2.4.45 Markup declaration open state12.2.4.46 Comment start state12.2.4.47 Comment start dash state12.2.4.48 Comment state12.2.4.49 Comment end dash state12.2.4.50 Comment end state12.2.4.51 Comment end bang state12.2.4.52 DOCTYPE state12.2.4.53 Before DOCTYPE name state12.2.4.54 DOCTYPE name state12.2.4.55 After DOCTYPE name state12.2.4.56 After DOCTYPE public keyword state12.2.4.57 Before DOCTYPE public identifier state12.2.4.58 DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state12.2.4.59 DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state12.2.4.60 After DOCTYPE public identifier state12.2.4.61 Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state12.2.4.62 After DOCTYPE system keyword state12.2.4.63 Before DOCTYPE system identifier state12.2.4.64 DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state12.2.4.65 DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state12.2.4.66 After DOCTYPE system identifier state12.2.4.67 Bogus DOCTYPE state12.2.4.68 CDATA section state12.2.4.69 Tokenizing character references12.2.5 Tree construction12.2.5.1 Creating and inserting nodes12.2.5.2 Parsing elements that contain only text12.2.5.3 Closing elements that have implied end tags12.2.5.4 The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content12.2.5.4.1 The "initial" insertion mode12.2.5.4.2 The "before html" insertion mode12.2.5.4.3 The "before head" insertion mode12.2.5.4.4 The "in head" insertion mode12.2.5.4.5 The "in head noscript" insertion mode12.2.5.4.6 The "after head" insertion mode12.2.5.4.7 The "in body" insertion mode12.2.5.4.8 The "text" insertion mode12.2.5.4.9 The "in table" insertion mode12.2.5.4.10 The "in table text" insertion mode12.2.5.4.11 The "in caption" insertion mode12.2.5.4.12 The "in column group" insertion mode12.2.5.4.13 The "in table body" insertion mode12.2.5.4.14 The "in row" insertion mode12.2.5.4.15 The "in cell" insertion mode12.2.5.4.16 The "in select" insertion mode12.2.5.4.17 The "in select in table" insertion mode12.2.5.4.18 The "in template" insertion mode12.2.5.4.19 The "after body" insertion mode12.2.5.4.20 The "in frameset" insertion mode12.2.5.4.21 The "after frameset" insertion mode12.2.5.4.22 The "after after body" insertion mode12.2.5.4.23 The "after after frameset" insertion mode12.2.5.5 The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content12.2.6 The end12.2.7 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset12.2.8 An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser12.2.8.1 Misnested tags: <b><i></b></i>12.2.8.2 Misnested tags: <b><p></b></p>12.2.8.3 Unexpected markup in tables12.2.8.4 Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed12.2.8.5 The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents12.2.8.6 Unclosed formatting elements12.3 Serializing HTML fragments12.4 Parsing HTML fragments12.5 Named character references13 The XHTML syntax13.1 Writing XHTML documents13.2 Parsing XHTML documents13.3 Serializing XHTML fragments13.4 Parsing XHTML fragments14 Rendering14.1 Introduction14.2 The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints14.3 Non-replaced elements14.3.1 Hidden elements14.3.2 The page14.3.3 Flow content14.3.4 Phrasing content14.3.5 Bidirectional text14.3.6 Quotes14.3.7 Sections and headings14.3.8 Lists14.3.9 Tables14.3.10 Margin collapsing quirks14.3.11 Form controls14.3.12 The hr element14.3.13 The fieldset and legend elements14.4 Replaced elements14.4.1 Embedded content14.4.2 Images14.4.3 Attributes for embedded content and images14.4.4 Image maps14.5 Bindings14.5.1 Introduction14.5.2 The button element14.5.3 The details element14.5.4 The input element as a text entry widget14.5.5 The input element as domain-specific widgets14.5.6 The input element as a range control14.5.7 The input element as a color well14.5.8 The input element as a checkbox and radio button widgets14.5.9 The input element as a file upload control14.5.10 The input element as a button14.5.11 The marquee element14.5.12 The meter element14.5.13 The progress element14.5.14 The select element14.5.15 The textarea element14.5.16 The keygen element14.6 Frames and framesets14.7 Interactive media14.7.1 Links, forms, and navigation14.7.2 The title attribute14.7.3 Editing hosts14.7.4 Text rendered in native user interfaces14.8 Print media14.9 Unstyled XML documents15 Obsolete features15.1 Obsolete but conforming features15.1.1 Warnings for obsolete but conforming features15.2 Non-conforming features15.3 Requirements for implementations15.3.1 The applet element15.3.2 The marquee element15.3.3 Frames15.3.4 Other elements, attributes and APIs16 IANA considerations16.1 text/html16.2 multipart/x-mixed-replace16.3 application/xhtml+xml16.4 application/x-www-form-urlencoded16.5 text/cache-manifest16.6 text/ping16.7 application/microdata+json16.8 Ping-From16.9 Ping-To16.10 web+ scheme prefixIndex
-Elements Element content categories Attributes Element Interfaces All Interfaces Events References HTML Standard Table of contents
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+
+1 Introduction1.1 Where does this specification fit?1.2 Is this HTML5?1.3 Background1.4 Audience1.5 Scope1.6 History1.7 Design notes1.7.1 Serializability of script execution1.7.2 Compliance with other specifications1.7.3 Extensibility1.8 HTML vs XHTML1.9 Structure of this specification1.9.1 How to read this specification1.9.2 Typographic conventions1.10 Privacy concerns1.11 A quick introduction to HTML1.11.1 Writing secure applications with HTML1.11.2 Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs1.11.3 How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers1.12 Conformance requirements for authors1.12.1 Presentational markup1.12.2 Syntax errors1.12.3 Restrictions on content models and on attribute values1.13 Suggested reading2 Common infrastructure2.1 Terminology2.1.1 Resources2.1.2 XML2.1.3 DOM trees2.1.4 Scripting2.1.5 Plugins2.1.6 Character encodings2.2 Conformance requirements2.2.1 Conformance classes2.2.2 Dependencies2.2.3 Extensibility2.2.4 Interactions with XPath and XSLT2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison2.4 Common microsyntaxes2.4.1 Common parser idioms2.4.2 Boolean attributes2.4.3 Keywords and enumerated attributes2.4.4 Numbers2.4.4.1 Signed integers2.4.4.2 Non-negative integers2.4.4.3 Floating-point numbers2.4.4.4 Percentages and lengths2.4.4.5 Lists of integers2.4.4.6 Lists of dimensions2.4.5 Dates and times2.4.5.1 Months2.4.5.2 Dates2.4.5.3 Yearless dates2.4.5.4 Times2.4.5.5 Local dates and times2.4.5.6 Time zones2.4.5.7 Global dates and times2.4.5.8 Weeks2.4.5.9 Durations2.4.5.10 Vaguer moments in time2.4.6 Colors2.4.7 Space-separated tokens2.4.8 Comma-separated tokens2.4.9 References2.4.10 Media queries2.5 URLs2.5.1 Terminology2.5.2 Resolving URLs2.5.3 Dynamic changes to base URLs2.6 Fetching resources2.6.1 Terminology2.6.2 Processing model2.6.3 Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns2.6.4 Determining the type of a resource2.6.5 Extracting character encodings from meta elements2.6.6 CORS settings attributes2.6.7 CORS-enabled fetch2.7 Common DOM interfaces2.7.1 Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes2.7.2 Collections2.7.2.1 HTMLAllCollection2.7.2.2 HTMLFormControlsCollection2.7.2.3 HTMLOptionsCollection2.7.2.4 HTMLPropertiesCollection2.7.3 DOMStringMap2.7.4 DOMElementMap2.7.5 Transferable objects2.7.6 Safe passing of structured data2.7.7 Callbacks2.7.8 Garbage collection2.8 Namespaces3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents3.1 Documents3.1.1 The Document object3.1.2 Resource metadata management3.1.3 DOM tree accessors3.1.4 Loading XML documents3.2 Elements3.2.1 Semantics3.2.2 Elements in the DOM3.2.3 Element definitions3.2.3.1 Attributes3.2.4 Content models3.2.4.1 Kinds of content3.2.4.1.1 Metadata content3.2.4.1.2 Flow content3.2.4.1.3 Sectioning content3.2.4.1.4 Heading content3.2.4.1.5 Phrasing content3.2.4.1.6 Embedded content3.2.4.1.7 Interactive content3.2.4.1.8 Palpable content3.2.4.1.9 Script-supporting elements3.2.4.2 Transparent content models3.2.4.3 Paragraphs3.2.5 Global attributes3.2.5.1 The id attribute3.2.5.2 The title attribute3.2.5.3 The lang and xml:lang attributes3.2.5.4 The translate attribute3.2.5.5 The xml:base attribute (XML only)3.2.5.6 The dir attribute3.2.5.7 The class attribute3.2.5.8 The style attribute3.2.5.9 Embedding custom non-visible data with the data-* attributes3.2.6 Requirements relating to the bidirectional algorithm3.2.6.1 Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters3.2.6.2 User agent conformance criteria3.2.7 WAI-ARIA4 The elements of HTML4.1 The root element4.1.1 The html element4.2 Document metadata4.2.1 The head element4.2.2 The title element4.2.3 The base element4.2.4 The link element4.2.5 The meta element4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names4.2.5.2 Other metadata names4.2.5.3 Pragma directives4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding4.2.6 The style element4.2.6.1 The @global rule4.2.7 Interactions of styling and scripting4.3 Sections4.3.1 The body element4.3.2 The article element4.3.3 The section element4.3.4 The nav element4.3.5 The aside element4.3.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and
+h6 elements4.3.7 The hgroup element4.3.8 The header element4.3.9 The footer element4.3.10 The address element4.3.11 Headings and sections4.3.11.1 Creating an outline4.3.11.2 Sample outlines4.3.12 Usage summary4.3.12.1 Article or section?4.4 Grouping content4.4.1 The p element4.4.2 The hr element4.4.3 The pre element4.4.4 The blockquote element4.4.5 The ol element4.4.6 The ul element4.4.7 The li element4.4.8 The dl element4.4.9 The dt element4.4.10 The dd element4.4.11 The figure element4.4.12 The figcaption element4.4.13 The main element4.4.14 The div element4.5 Text-level semantics4.5.1 The a element4.5.2 The em element4.5.3 The strong element4.5.4 The small element4.5.5 The s element4.5.6 The cite element4.5.7 The q element4.5.8 The dfn element4.5.9 The abbr element4.5.10 The data element4.5.11 The time element4.5.12 The code element4.5.13 The var element4.5.14 The samp element4.5.15 The kbd element4.5.16 The sub and sup elements4.5.17 The i element4.5.18 The b element4.5.19 The u element4.5.20 The mark element4.5.21 The ruby element4.5.22 The rt element4.5.23 The rp element4.5.24 The bdi element4.5.25 The bdo element4.5.26 The span element4.5.27 The br element4.5.28 The wbr element4.5.29 Usage summary4.6 Edits4.6.1 The ins element4.6.2 The del element4.6.3 Attributes common to ins and del elements4.6.4 Edits and paragraphs4.6.5 Edits and lists4.6.6 Edits and tables4.7 Embedded content4.7.1 The img element4.7.1.1 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images4.7.1.1.1 General guidelines4.7.1.1.2 A link or button containing nothing but the image4.7.1.1.3 A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations4.7.1.1.4 A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos4.7.1.1.5 Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect4.7.1.1.6 A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text4.7.1.1.7 A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information4.7.1.1.8 A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links4.7.1.1.9 A group of images that form a single larger picture with links4.7.1.1.10 A key part of the content4.7.1.1.11 An image not intended for the user4.7.1.1.12 An image in an e-mail or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images4.7.1.1.13 Guidance for markup generators4.7.1.1.14 Guidance for conformance checkers4.7.1.2 Adaptive images4.7.2 The iframe element4.7.3 The embed element4.7.4 The object element4.7.5 The param element4.7.6 The video element4.7.7 The audio element4.7.8 The source element4.7.9 The track element4.7.10 Media elements4.7.10.1 Error codes4.7.10.2 Location of the media resource4.7.10.3 MIME types4.7.10.4 Network states4.7.10.5 Loading the media resource4.7.10.6 Offsets into the media resource4.7.10.7 Ready states4.7.10.8 Playing the media resource4.7.10.9 Seeking4.7.10.10 Media resources with multiple media tracks4.7.10.10.1 AudioTrackList and VideoTrackList objects4.7.10.10.2 Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively4.7.10.11 Synchronising multiple media elements4.7.10.11.1 Introduction4.7.10.11.2 Media controllers4.7.10.11.3 Assigning a media controller declaratively4.7.10.12 Timed text tracks4.7.10.12.1 Text track model4.7.10.12.2 Sourcing in-band text tracks4.7.10.12.3 Sourcing out-of-band text tracks4.7.10.12.4 Guidelines for exposing cues in various formats as text track cues4.7.10.12.5 Text track API4.7.10.12.6 Text tracks describing chapters4.7.10.12.7 Event handlers for objects of the text track APIs4.7.10.12.8 Best practices for metadata text tracks4.7.10.13 User interface4.7.10.14 Time ranges4.7.10.15 The TrackEvent interface4.7.10.16 Event summary4.7.10.17 Security and privacy considerations4.7.10.18 Best practices for authors using media elements4.7.10.19 Best practices for implementors of media elements4.7.11 The map element4.7.12 The area element4.7.13 Image maps4.7.13.1 Authoring4.7.13.2 Processing model4.7.14 MathML4.7.15 SVG4.7.16 Dimension attributes4.8 Links4.8.1 Introduction4.8.2 Links created by a and area elements4.8.3 Following hyperlinks4.8.4 Downloading resources4.8.4.1 Hyperlink auditing4.8.5 Link types4.8.5.1 Link type "alternate"4.8.5.2 Link type "author"4.8.5.3 Link type "bookmark"4.8.5.4 Link type "external"4.8.5.5 Link type "help"4.8.5.6 Link type "icon"4.8.5.7 Link type "license"4.8.5.8 Link type "nofollow"4.8.5.9 Link type "noreferrer"4.8.5.10 Link type "pingback"4.8.5.11 Link type "prefetch"4.8.5.12 Link type "search"4.8.5.13 Link type "sidebar"4.8.5.14 Link type "stylesheet"4.8.5.15 Link type "tag"4.8.5.16 Sequential link types4.8.5.16.1 Link type "next"4.8.5.16.2 Link type "prev"4.8.5.17 Other link types4.9 Tabular data4.9.1 The table element4.9.1.1 Techniques for describing tables4.9.1.2 Techniques for table design4.9.2 The caption element4.9.3 The colgroup element4.9.4 The col element4.9.5 The tbody element4.9.6 The thead element4.9.7 The tfoot element4.9.8 The tr element4.9.9 The td element4.9.10 The th element4.9.11 Attributes common to td and th elements4.9.12 Processing model4.9.12.1 Forming a table4.9.12.2 Forming relationships between data cells and header cells4.9.13 Table sorting model4.9.14 Examples4.10 Forms4.10.1 Introduction4.10.1.1 Writing a form's user interface4.10.1.2 Implementing the server-side processing for a form4.10.1.3 Configuring a form to communicate with a server4.10.1.4 Client-side form validation4.10.1.5 Enabling client-side automatic filling of form controls4.10.1.6 Improving the user experience on mobile devices4.10.1.7 The difference between the field type, the autofill field name, and the input modality4.10.1.8 Date, time, and number formats4.10.2 Categories4.10.3 The form element4.10.4 The label element4.10.5 The input element4.10.5.1 States of the type attribute4.10.5.1.1 Hidden state (type=hidden)4.10.5.1.2 Text (type=text) state and Search state (type=search)4.10.5.1.3 Telephone state (type=tel)4.10.5.1.4 URL state (type=url)4.10.5.1.5 E-mail state (type=email)4.10.5.1.6 Password state (type=password)4.10.5.1.7 Date and Time state (type=datetime)4.10.5.1.8 Date state (type=date)4.10.5.1.9 Month state (type=month)4.10.5.1.10 Week state (type=week)4.10.5.1.11 Time state (type=time)4.10.5.1.12 Local Date and Time state (type=datetime-local)4.10.5.1.13 Number state (type=number)4.10.5.1.14 Range state (type=range)4.10.5.1.15 Color state (type=color)4.10.5.1.16 Checkbox state (type=checkbox)4.10.5.1.17 Radio Button state (type=radio)4.10.5.1.18 File Upload state (type=file)4.10.5.1.19 Submit Button state (type=submit)4.10.5.1.20 Image Button state (type=image)4.10.5.1.21 Reset Button state (type=reset)4.10.5.1.22 Button state (type=button)4.10.5.2 Implemention notes regarding localization of form controls4.10.5.3 Common input element attributes4.10.5.3.1 The maxlength and minlength attributes4.10.5.3.2 The size attribute4.10.5.3.3 The readonly attribute4.10.5.3.4 The required attribute4.10.5.3.5 The multiple attribute4.10.5.3.6 The pattern attribute4.10.5.3.7 The min and max attributes4.10.5.3.8 The step attribute4.10.5.3.9 The list attribute4.10.5.3.10 The placeholder attribute4.10.5.4 Common input element APIs4.10.5.5 Common event behaviors4.10.6 The button element4.10.7 The select element4.10.8 The datalist element4.10.9 The optgroup element4.10.10 The option element4.10.11 The textarea element4.10.12 The keygen element4.10.13 The output element4.10.14 The progress element4.10.15 The meter element4.10.16 The fieldset element4.10.17 The legend element4.10.18 Form control infrastructure4.10.18.1 A form control's value4.10.18.2 Mutability4.10.18.3 Association of controls and forms4.10.19 Attributes common to form controls4.10.19.1 Naming form controls: the name attribute4.10.19.2 Submitting element directionality: the dirname attribute4.10.19.3 Limiting user input length: the maxlength attribute4.10.19.4 Setting minimum input length requirements: the minlength attribute4.10.19.5 Enabling and disabling form controls: the disabled attribute4.10.19.6 Form submission4.10.19.7 Autofocusing a form control: the autofocus attribute4.10.19.8 Input modalities: the inputmode attribute4.10.19.9 Autofilling form controls: the autocomplete attribute4.10.20 APIs for the text field selections4.10.21 Constraints4.10.21.1 Definitions4.10.21.2 Constraint validation4.10.21.3 The constraint validation API4.10.21.4 Security4.10.22 Form submission4.10.22.1 Introduction4.10.22.2 Implicit submission4.10.22.3 Form submission algorithm4.10.22.4 Constructing the form data set4.10.22.5 Selecting a form submission encoding4.10.22.6 URL-encoded form data4.10.22.7 Multipart form data4.10.22.8 Plain text form data4.10.23 Resetting a form4.11 Interactive elements4.11.1 The details element4.11.2 The summary element4.11.3 The menu element4.11.4 The menuitem element4.11.5 Context menus4.11.5.1 Declaring a context menu4.11.5.2 Processing model4.11.5.3 The RelatedEvent interfaces4.11.6 Commands4.11.6.1 Facets4.11.6.2 Using the a element to define a command4.11.6.3 Using the button element to define a command4.11.6.4 Using the input element to define a command4.11.6.5 Using the option element to define a command4.11.6.6 Using the menuitem element to define a
+command4.11.6.7 Using the command attribute on menuitem elements to define
+a command indirectly4.11.6.8 Using the accesskey attribute
+on a label element to define a command4.11.6.9 Using the accesskey attribute
+on a legend element to define a command4.11.6.10 Using the accesskey
+attribute to define a command on other elements4.11.7 The dialog element4.11.7.1 Anchor points4.12 Scripting4.12.1 The script element4.12.1.1 Scripting languages4.12.1.2 Restrictions for contents of script elements4.12.1.3 Inline documentation for external scripts4.12.1.4 Interaction of script elements and XSLT4.12.2 The noscript element4.12.3 The template element4.12.3.1 Interaction of template elements with XSLT and XPath4.12.4 The canvas element4.12.4.1 Proxying canvases to workers4.12.4.2 The 2D rendering context4.12.4.2.1 Implementation notes4.12.4.2.2 The canvas state4.12.4.2.3 DrawingStyle objects4.12.4.2.4 Line styles4.12.4.2.5 Text styles4.12.4.2.6 Building paths4.12.4.2.7 Path objects4.12.4.2.8 Transformations4.12.4.2.9 Image sources for 2D rendering contexts4.12.4.2.10 Fill and stroke styles4.12.4.2.11 Drawing rectangles to the bitmap4.12.4.2.12 Drawing text to the bitmap4.12.4.2.13 Drawing paths to the canvas4.12.4.2.14 Drawing images4.12.4.2.15 Hit regions4.12.4.2.16 Pixel manipulation4.12.4.2.17 Compositing4.12.4.2.18 Image smoothing4.12.4.2.19 Shadows4.12.4.2.20 Drawing model4.12.4.2.21 Best practices4.12.4.2.22 Examples4.12.4.3 Color spaces and color correction4.12.4.4 Serializing bitmaps to a file4.12.4.5 Security with canvas elements4.13 Common idioms without dedicated elements4.13.1 The main part of the content4.13.2 Bread crumb navigation4.13.3 Tag clouds4.13.4 Conversations4.13.5 Footnotes4.14 Disabled elements4.15 Matching HTML elements using selectors4.15.1 Case-sensitivity4.15.2 Pseudo-classes5 Microdata5.1 Introduction5.1.1 Overview5.1.2 The basic syntax5.1.3 Typed items5.1.4 Global identifiers for items5.1.5 Selecting names when defining vocabularies5.1.6 Using the microdata DOM API5.2 Encoding microdata5.2.1 The microdata model5.2.2 Items5.2.3 Names: the itemprop attribute5.2.4 Values5.2.5 Associating names with items5.2.6 Microdata and other namespaces5.3 Microdata DOM API5.4 Sample microdata vocabularies5.4.1 vCard5.4.1.1 Conversion to vCard5.4.1.2 Examples5.4.2 vEvent5.4.2.1 Conversion to iCalendar5.4.2.2 Examples5.4.3 Licensing works5.4.3.1 Examples5.5 Converting HTML to other formats5.5.1 JSON6 Loading Web pages6.1 Browsing contexts6.1.1 Nested browsing contexts6.1.1.1 Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM6.1.2 Auxiliary browsing contexts6.1.2.1 Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM6.1.3 Secondary browsing contexts6.1.4 Security6.1.5 Groupings of browsing contexts6.1.6 Browsing context names6.2 The Window object6.2.1 Security6.2.2 APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name6.2.3 Accessing other browsing contexts6.2.4 Named access on the Window object6.2.5 Garbage collection and browsing contexts6.2.6 Closing browsing contexts6.2.7 Browser interface elements6.2.8 The WindowProxy object6.3 Origin6.3.1 Relaxing the same-origin restriction6.4 Sandboxing6.5 Session history and navigation6.5.1 The session history of browsing contexts6.5.2 The History interface6.5.3 The Location interface6.5.3.1 Security6.5.4 Implementation notes for session history6.6 Browsing the Web6.6.1 Navigating across documents6.6.2 Page load processing model for HTML files6.6.3 Page load processing model for XML files6.6.4 Page load processing model for text files6.6.5 Page load processing model for multipart/x-mixed-replace resources6.6.6 Page load processing model for media6.6.7 Page load processing model for content that uses plugins6.6.8 Page load processing model for inline
+content that doesn't have a DOM6.6.9 Navigating to a fragment identifier6.6.10 History traversal6.6.10.1 The PopStateEvent interface6.6.10.2 The HashChangeEvent interface6.6.10.3 The PageTransitionEvent interface6.6.11 Unloading documents6.6.11.1 The BeforeUnloadEvent interface6.6.12 Aborting a document load6.7 Offline Web applications6.7.1 Introduction6.7.1.1 Supporting offline caching for legacy applications6.7.1.2 Event summary6.7.2 Application caches6.7.3 The cache manifest syntax6.7.3.1 Some sample manifests6.7.3.2 Writing cache manifests6.7.3.3 Parsing cache manifests6.7.4 Downloading or updating an application cache6.7.5 The application cache selection algorithm6.7.6 Changes to the networking model6.7.7 Expiring application caches6.7.8 Disk space6.7.9 Application cache API6.7.10 Browser state7 Web application APIs7.1 Scripting7.1.1 Introduction7.1.2 Enabling and disabling scripting7.1.3 Processing model7.1.3.1 Definitions7.1.3.2 Script settings for browsing contexts7.1.3.3 Calling scripts7.1.3.4 Creating scripts7.1.3.5 Killing scripts7.1.3.6 Runtime script errors7.1.3.6.1 Runtime script errors in documents7.1.3.6.2 The ErrorEvent interface7.1.4 Event loops7.1.4.1 Definitions7.1.4.2 Processing model7.1.4.3 Generic task sources7.1.5 Events7.1.5.1 Event handlers7.1.5.2 Event handlers on elements, Document objects, and Window objects7.1.5.2.1 IDL definitions7.1.5.3 Event firing7.1.5.4 Events and the Window object7.2 Base64 utility methods7.3 Dynamic markup insertion7.3.1 Opening the input stream7.3.2 Closing the input stream7.3.3 document.write()7.3.4 document.writeln()7.4 Timers7.5 User prompts7.5.1 Simple dialogs7.5.2 Printing7.5.3 Dialogs implemented using separate documents7.6 System state and capabilities7.6.1 The Navigator object7.6.1.1 Client identification7.6.1.2 Language preferences7.6.1.3 Custom scheme and content handlers7.6.1.3.1 Security and privacy7.6.1.3.2 Sample user interface7.6.1.4 Manually releasing the storage mutex7.6.1.5 Plugins7.6.2 The External interface7.7 Images8 User interaction8.1 The hidden attribute8.2 Inert subtrees8.2.1 The inert attribute8.3 Activation8.4 Focus8.4.1 Sequential focus navigation and the tabindex attribute8.4.2 Focus management8.4.3 Document-level focus APIs8.4.4 Element-level focus APIs8.5 Assigning keyboard shortcuts8.5.1 Introduction8.5.2 The accesskey attribute8.5.3 Processing model8.6 Editing8.6.1 Making document regions editable: The contenteditable content attribute8.6.2 Making entire documents editable: The designMode IDL attribute8.6.3 Best practices for in-page editors8.6.4 Editing APIs8.6.5 Spelling and grammar checking8.7 Drag and drop8.7.1 Introduction8.7.2 The drag data store8.7.3 The DataTransfer interface8.7.3.1 The DataTransferItemList interface8.7.3.2 The DataTransferItem interface8.7.4 The DragEvent interface8.7.5 Drag-and-drop processing model8.7.6 Events summary8.7.7 The draggable attribute8.7.8 The dropzone attribute8.7.9 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model9 Communication9.1 The MessageEvent interfaces9.2 Server-sent events9.2.1 Introduction9.2.2 The EventSource interface9.2.3 Processing model9.2.4 Parsing an event stream9.2.5 Interpreting an event stream9.2.6 Authoring notes9.2.7 Connectionless push and other features9.2.8 Garbage collection9.2.9 Implementation advice9.2.10 IANA considerations9.2.10.1 text/event-stream9.2.10.2 Last-Event-ID9.3 Web sockets9.3.1 Introduction9.3.2 The WebSocket interface9.3.3 Feedback from the protocol9.3.4 Ping and Pong frames9.3.5 Parsing WebSocket URLs9.3.6 The CloseEvent interfaces9.3.7 Garbage collection9.4 Cross-document messaging9.4.1 Introduction9.4.2 Security9.4.2.1 Authors9.4.2.2 User agents9.4.3 Posting messages9.5 Channel messaging9.5.1 Introduction9.5.1.1 Examples9.5.1.2 Ports as the basis of an object-capability model on the Web9.5.1.3 Ports as the basis of abstracting out service implementations9.5.2 Message channels9.5.3 Message ports9.5.4 Broadcasting to many ports9.5.5 Ports and garbage collection9.6 Broadcasting to other browsing contexts10 Web workers10.1 Introduction10.1.1 Scope10.1.2 Examples10.1.2.1 A background number-crunching worker10.1.2.2 Worker used for background I/O10.1.2.3 Shared workers introduction10.1.2.4 Shared state using a shared worker10.1.2.5 Delegation10.1.3 Tutorials10.1.3.1 Creating a dedicated worker10.1.3.2 Communicating with a dedicated worker10.1.3.3 Shared workers10.2 Infrastructure10.2.1 The global scope10.2.1.1 The WorkerGlobalScope common interface10.2.1.2 Dedicated workers and the DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope interface10.2.1.3 Shared workers and the SharedWorkerGlobalScope interface10.2.2 The event loop10.2.3 The worker's lifetime10.2.4 Processing model10.2.5 Runtime script errors10.2.6 Creating workers10.2.6.1 The AbstractWorker abstract interface10.2.6.2 Script settings for workers10.2.6.3 Dedicated workers and the Worker interface10.2.6.4 Shared workers and the SharedWorker interface10.3 APIs available to workers10.3.1 Importing scripts and libraries10.3.2 The WorkerNavigator object10.3.3 Interface objects and constructors10.3.4 Worker locations11 Web storage11.1 Introduction11.2 The API11.2.1 The Storage interface11.2.2 The sessionStorage attribute11.2.3 The localStorage attribute11.2.4 The storage event11.2.4.1 The StorageEvent interface11.2.5 Threads11.3 Disk space11.4 Privacy11.4.1 User tracking11.4.2 Sensitivity of data11.5 Security11.5.1 DNS spoofing attacks11.5.2 Cross-directory attacks11.5.3 Implementation risks12 The HTML syntax12.1 Writing HTML documents12.1.1 The DOCTYPE12.1.2 Elements12.1.2.1 Start tags12.1.2.2 End tags12.1.2.3 Attributes12.1.2.4 Optional tags12.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models12.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements12.1.3 Text12.1.3.1 Newlines12.1.4 Character references12.1.5 CDATA sections12.1.6 Comments12.2 Parsing HTML documents12.2.1 Overview of the parsing model12.2.2 The input byte stream12.2.2.1 Parsing with a known character encoding12.2.2.2 Determining the character encoding12.2.2.3 Character encodings12.2.2.4 Changing the encoding while parsing12.2.2.5 Preprocessing the input stream12.2.3 Parse state12.2.3.1 The insertion mode12.2.3.2 The stack of open elements12.2.3.3 The list of active formatting elements12.2.3.4 The element pointers12.2.3.5 Other parsing state flags12.2.4 Tokenization12.2.4.1 Data state12.2.4.2 Character reference in data state12.2.4.3 RCDATA state12.2.4.4 Character reference in RCDATA state12.2.4.5 RAWTEXT state12.2.4.6 Script data state12.2.4.7 PLAINTEXT state12.2.4.8 Tag open state12.2.4.9 End tag open state12.2.4.10 Tag name state12.2.4.11 RCDATA less-than sign state12.2.4.12 RCDATA end tag open state12.2.4.13 RCDATA end tag name state12.2.4.14 RAWTEXT less-than sign state12.2.4.15 RAWTEXT end tag open state12.2.4.16 RAWTEXT end tag name state12.2.4.17 Script data less-than sign state12.2.4.18 Script data end tag open state12.2.4.19 Script data end tag name state12.2.4.20 Script data escape start state12.2.4.21 Script data escape start dash state12.2.4.22 Script data escaped state12.2.4.23 Script data escaped dash state12.2.4.24 Script data escaped dash dash state12.2.4.25 Script data escaped less-than sign state12.2.4.26 Script data escaped end tag open state12.2.4.27 Script data escaped end tag name state12.2.4.28 Script data double escape start state12.2.4.29 Script data double escaped state12.2.4.30 Script data double escaped dash state12.2.4.31 Script data double escaped dash dash state12.2.4.32 Script data double escaped less-than sign state12.2.4.33 Script data double escape end state12.2.4.34 Before attribute name state12.2.4.35 Attribute name state12.2.4.36 After attribute name state12.2.4.37 Before attribute value state12.2.4.38 Attribute value (double-quoted) state12.2.4.39 Attribute value (single-quoted) state12.2.4.40 Attribute value (unquoted) state12.2.4.41 Character reference in attribute value state12.2.4.42 After attribute value (quoted) state12.2.4.43 Self-closing start tag state12.2.4.44 Bogus comment state12.2.4.45 Markup declaration open state12.2.4.46 Comment start state12.2.4.47 Comment start dash state12.2.4.48 Comment state12.2.4.49 Comment end dash state12.2.4.50 Comment end state12.2.4.51 Comment end bang state12.2.4.52 DOCTYPE state12.2.4.53 Before DOCTYPE name state12.2.4.54 DOCTYPE name state12.2.4.55 After DOCTYPE name state12.2.4.56 After DOCTYPE public keyword state12.2.4.57 Before DOCTYPE public identifier state12.2.4.58 DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state12.2.4.59 DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state12.2.4.60 After DOCTYPE public identifier state12.2.4.61 Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state12.2.4.62 After DOCTYPE system keyword state12.2.4.63 Before DOCTYPE system identifier state12.2.4.64 DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state12.2.4.65 DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state12.2.4.66 After DOCTYPE system identifier state12.2.4.67 Bogus DOCTYPE state12.2.4.68 CDATA section state12.2.4.69 Tokenizing character references12.2.5 Tree construction12.2.5.1 Creating and inserting nodes12.2.5.2 Parsing elements that contain only text12.2.5.3 Closing elements that have implied end tags12.2.5.4 The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content12.2.5.4.1 The "initial" insertion mode12.2.5.4.2 The "before html" insertion mode12.2.5.4.3 The "before head" insertion mode12.2.5.4.4 The "in head" insertion mode12.2.5.4.5 The "in head noscript" insertion mode12.2.5.4.6 The "after head" insertion mode12.2.5.4.7 The "in body" insertion mode12.2.5.4.8 The "text" insertion mode12.2.5.4.9 The "in table" insertion mode12.2.5.4.10 The "in table text" insertion mode12.2.5.4.11 The "in caption" insertion mode12.2.5.4.12 The "in column group" insertion mode12.2.5.4.13 The "in table body" insertion mode12.2.5.4.14 The "in row" insertion mode12.2.5.4.15 The "in cell" insertion mode12.2.5.4.16 The "in select" insertion mode12.2.5.4.17 The "in select in table" insertion mode12.2.5.4.18 The "in template" insertion mode12.2.5.4.19 The "after body" insertion mode12.2.5.4.20 The "in frameset" insertion mode12.2.5.4.21 The "after frameset" insertion mode12.2.5.4.22 The "after after body" insertion mode12.2.5.4.23 The "after after frameset" insertion mode12.2.5.5 The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content12.2.6 The end12.2.7 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset12.2.8 An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser12.2.8.1 Misnested tags: <b><i></b></i>12.2.8.2 Misnested tags: <b><p></b></p>12.2.8.3 Unexpected markup in tables12.2.8.4 Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed12.2.8.5 The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents12.2.8.6 Unclosed formatting elements12.3 Serializing HTML fragments12.4 Parsing HTML fragments12.5 Named character references13 The XHTML syntax13.1 Writing XHTML documents13.2 Parsing XHTML documents13.3 Serializing XHTML fragments13.4 Parsing XHTML fragments14 Rendering14.1 Introduction14.2 The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints14.3 Non-replaced elements14.3.1 Hidden elements14.3.2 The page14.3.3 Flow content14.3.4 Phrasing content14.3.5 Bidirectional text14.3.6 Quotes14.3.7 Sections and headings14.3.8 Lists14.3.9 Tables14.3.10 Margin collapsing quirks14.3.11 Form controls14.3.12 The hr element14.3.13 The fieldset and legend elements14.4 Replaced elements14.4.1 Embedded content14.4.2 Images14.4.3 Attributes for embedded content and images14.4.4 Image maps14.5 Bindings14.5.1 Introduction14.5.2 The button element14.5.3 The details element14.5.4 The input element as a text entry widget14.5.5 The input element as domain-specific widgets14.5.6 The input element as a range control14.5.7 The input element as a color well14.5.8 The input element as a checkbox and radio button widgets14.5.9 The input element as a file upload control14.5.10 The input element as a button14.5.11 The marquee element14.5.12 The meter element14.5.13 The progress element14.5.14 The select element14.5.15 The textarea element14.5.16 The keygen element14.6 Frames and framesets14.7 Interactive media14.7.1 Links, forms, and navigation14.7.2 The title attribute14.7.3 Editing hosts14.7.4 Text rendered in native user interfaces14.8 Print media14.9 Unstyled XML documents15 Obsolete features15.1 Obsolete but conforming features15.1.1 Warnings for obsolete but conforming features15.2 Non-conforming features15.3 Requirements for implementations15.3.1 The applet element15.3.2 The marquee element15.3.3 Frames15.3.4 Other elements, attributes and APIs16 IANA considerations16.1 text/html16.2 multipart/x-mixed-replace16.3 application/xhtml+xml16.4 application/x-www-form-urlencoded16.5 text/cache-manifest16.6 text/ping16.7 application/microdata+json16.8 Ping-From16.9 Ping-To16.10 web+ scheme prefixIndex
+Elements Element content categories Attributes Element Interfaces All Interfaces Events References Acknowledgments 42 (number) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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42 (number)
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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42 (forty-two ) is the natural number immediately following 41 and directly preceding 43 . The number has received considerable attention in popular culture as a result of its central appearance in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Answer to The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything ".
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Mathematics [ edit ]
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-Forty-two is a pronic number and an abundant number ; its prime factorization 2 · 3 · 7 makes it the second sphenic number and also the second of the form { 2 · 3 · r }. As with all sphenic numbers of this form, the aliquot sum is abundant by 12. 42 is also the second sphenic number to be bracketed by twin primes ; 30 is also a pronic number and also rests between two primes. 42 has a 14 member aliquot sequence 42, 54, 66, 78, 90, 144, 259, 45, 33, 15, 9, 4, 3, 1, 0 and is itself part of the aliquot sequence commencing with the first sphenic number 30 . Further, 42 is the 10th member of the 3-aliquot tree.
-It is the third primary pseudoperfect number .
-It is a Catalan number . Consequently; 42 is the number of noncrossing partitions of a set of five elements, the number of triangulations of a heptagon , the number of rooted ordered binary trees with six leaves, the number of ways in which five pairs of nested parentheses can be arranged, etc.
-It is the number of partitions of 10 - the number of ways of expressing 10 as a sum of positive integers (note a different sense of partition from that above).
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-The 3 × 3 × 3 magic cube with rows summing to 42.
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-Given 27 same-size cubes whose nominal values progress from 1 to 27, a 3×3×3 magic cube can be constructed such that every row, column, and corridor, and every diagonal passing through the center, is composed of 3 cubes whose sum of values is 42.
-It is the third pentadecagonal number . It is a meandric number and an open meandric number .
-It is conjectured to be the scaling factor in the leading order term of the "sixth moment of the Riemann zeta function ". In particular, Conrey & Ghosh have conjectured that
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-where the infinite product is over all prime numbers, p .[ 1] [ 2]
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-42 is a Størmer number .
-In base 10, this number is a Harshad number and a self number , while it is a repdigit in base 4 (as 222).
-42 is the only known value that is the number of sets of four distinct positive integers a,b,c,d, each less than the value itself, such that ab-cd, ac-bd, and ad-bc are each multiples of the value. Whether there are other values remains an open question.[ 3]
-42 is a (2,6)-perfect number (super-multiperfect ), as [ 4]
-42 is a perfect score on the USA Math Olympiad (USAMO )[ 5] International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO).[ 6]
-42 is the maximum of core points awarded in International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme.
-42 is the resulting number of the original Smith number (4937775): Both the sum of its digits (4+9+3+7+7+7+5) as the sum of the digits in its prime factorization (3+5+5+(6+5+8+3+7)) result in 42.
-The dimension of the Borel subalgebra in the exceptional Lie algebra e 6
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Science [ edit ]
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-The atomic number of molybdenum .
-The angle rounded to whole degrees for which a rainbow appears (the critical angle).
-In 1966, mathematician Paul Cooper theorized that the fastest, most efficient way to travel across continents would be to bore a straight hollow tube directly through the Earth , connecting a set of antipodes , remove the air from the tube and fall through.[ 7] gravity train ) always works out to be 42 minutes, so long as the tube remains friction-free, as while the force of gravity would be lessened, the distance traveled is reduced at an equal rate.[ 8] [ 9] Lewis Carroll in 1893 in Sylvie and Bruno Concluded [ 10]
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Technology [ edit ]
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-Magic numbers used by programmers :
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-The glyph, or character, corresponding to the number 42 in the ASCII character set, is *, the asterisk , commonly known as the wildcard character .
-In the TIFF image file format, the second 16-bit word of every file is 42, which is used together with the first word to indicate byte order .
-In the reiser4 file system, 42 is the inode number of the root directory .
-In the military IRIG 106 Chapter 10 data recording standard, the hex value 0x464F52545974776F (ASCII "FORTYtwo") is used as a magic number to identify directory blocks.
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-The GNU C Library , a set of standard routines available for use in computer programming , contains a function —memfrob() XOR combination of a given variable and the binary pattern 00101010 (42) as an XOR cipher .
-42 is the result given by the web search engines Google and Wolfram Alpha when the query "the answer to life the universe and everything " is entered as a search.
-Tiling a plane using regular hexagons , which is honeycomb in appearance, is approximated in a topological sense to an accuracy of better than 1% using a stretcher bond brick pattern with bricks of 42 squares (6 by 7).[ 11] The password expiration policy for a Microsoft Windows domain defaults to 42 days.[ 12]
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Astronomy [ edit ]
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-Messier object M42 , a magnitude 5.0 diffuse nebula in the constellation Orion , also known as the Orion Nebula The New General Catalogue object NGC 42, a spiral galaxy in the constellation Pegasus
-In January 2004, asteroid 2001 DA42 was given the permanent name 25924 Douglasadams , for the author Douglas Adams who popularized the number 42 and died in 2001. Brian G. Marsden , the director of the Minor Planet Center and the secretary for the naming committee, remarked that, with even his initials in the provisional designation, "This was sort of made for him, wasn't it?"
-Kepler-42 , a red dwarf in the constellation Cygnus around which orbits the three smallest exoplanets found to date.
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Religion [ edit ]
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-In Japanese culture, the number 42 is considered unlucky because the numerals when pronounced separately — "shi ni" (four two) — sound like the phrase, "unto death".[ 13]
-There are 42 principles of Ma'at , the Ancient Egyptian personification of physical and moral law, order, and truth. In the judgment scene described in the Egyptian and the Book of the Coming/Going Forth by Day (the Book of the Dead (which evolved from the Coffin Texts and the Pyramid Texts )), there are 42 gods and goddesses of Egypt, personifying the principles of Ma'at . These 42 correspond to the 42 Nomes (Governmental Units) of Egypt. If the departed successfully answers all 42, s/he becomes an Osiris .
-42 is the number with which God creates the Universe in Kabbalistic tradition . In Kabbalah, the most significant name is that of the En Sof (also known as "Ein Sof ", "Infinite" or "Endless"), who is above the Sefirot (sometimes spelled "Sephirot ").[ 14] Atziluth " "Emanation"). While there are obvious links between the Forty-Two Lettered Name of the Babylonian Talmud and the Kabbalah's Forty-Two Lettered Name, they are probably not identical because of the Kabbalah's emphasis on numbers. The Kabbalah also contains a Forty-Five Lettered Name and a Seventy-Two Lettered Name.
-The number 42 appears in various contexts in Christianity . There are 42 generations (names) in the Gospel of Matthew 's version of the Genealogy of Jesus ; it is prophesied that for 42 months the Beast will hold dominion over the Earth (Revelation 13:5); 42 men of Beth-azmaveth were counted in the census of men of Israel upon return from exile (Ezra 2:24); God sent bears to maul 42 of the teenage boys who mocked Elisha for his baldness (2 Kings 2:23), etc.
-In Judaism , the number (in the Babylonian Talmud , compiled 375 AD to 499 AD) of the "Forty-Two Lettered Name" ascribed to God. Rab (or Rabhs), a 3rd-century source in the Talmud stated "The Forty-Two Lettered Name is entrusted only to him who is pious, meek, middle-aged, free from bad temper, sober, and not insistent on his rights". [Source: Talmud Kidduschin 71a, Translated by Rabbi Dr. I. Epstein]. Maimonides felt that the original Talmudic Forty-Two Lettered Name was perhaps composed of several combined divine names [Maimonides "Moreh"]. The apparently unpronouncable Tetragrammaton provides the backdrop from the Twelve-Lettered Name and the Forty-Two Lettered Name of the Talmud.[citation needed
-The Gutenberg Bible is also known as the "42-line Bible", as the book contained 42 lines per page.
-The Forty-Two Articles (1552) , largely the work of Thomas Cranmer , were intended to summarise Anglican doctrine, as it now existed under the reign of Edward VI .
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Popular culture [ edit ]
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The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy [ edit ]
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The number 42 is, in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Douglas Adams , "The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything ", calculated by an enormous supercomputer over a period of 7.5 million years. Unfortunately no one knows what the question is. Thus, to calculate the Ultimate Question, a special computer the size of a small planet and built from organic components was created and named "Earth". This appeared first in the radio play and later in the novelization of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy . The fourth book in the series, the novel So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish Mostly Harmless Stavromula Beta . In 1994 Adams created the 42 Puzzle
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The book 42: Douglas Adams' Amazingly Accurate Answer to Life, the Universe and Everything [ 15]
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Works of Lewis Carroll [ edit ]
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Lewis Carroll [ 16] [ 17]
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Examples of Carroll's use of 42:
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-Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has 42 illustrations.
-Rule Forty-two in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland ("All persons more than a mile high to leave the court").
-Rule 42 of the Code in the preface[ 18] The Hunting of the Snark ("No one shall speak to the Man at the Helm").
-In "fit the first" of The Hunting of the Snark the Baker had "forty-two boxes, all carefully packed, With his name painted clearly on each."[ 19]
-The White Queen announces her age as "one hundred and one, five months and a day", which - if the best possible date is assumed for the action of Through the Looking-Glass - gives a total of 37,044 days. With the further (textually unconfirmed) assumption that both Queens were born on the same day their combined age becomes 74,088 days, which is 42 x 42 x 42. Some commentators have asserted that this is deliberate on Carroll's part.[ 20]
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Television and film [ edit ]
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-The Kumars at No. 42 Sanjeev Bhaskar hosted a BBC show nominating The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Britain 's Best Loved BookA made for TV movie 42: Forty Two Up - an installment in a series of documentaries wherein the director revisits the same group of British-born individuals every 7 years.[ 21]
-"42 " is an episode of Doctor Who real time lasting approximately 42 minutes.
-The USS Enterprise D had 42 decks
-In an episode of Stargate Atlantis the character John Sheppard reveals that the number is the ultimate answer to life, the universe and everything, to the confusion of his alien companion.
-On the game show Jeopardy! Watson " the IBM supercomputer, has 42 "threads" in its avatar.[ 22]
-On the Unusuals
-42 (film) is a film on the life of American baseball player Jackie Robinson.I, Robot (film) 42 is the number of the first robot shown in the movie, a FedEx Delivery robot.42 is the number of Tony Stark 's latest armor (Mark 42) in Marvel Studios ' movie Iron Man 3 by Shane Black starring Robert Downey Jr .
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Video games [ edit ]
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-42 Entertainment is the company responsible for several alternate reality games , including I Love Bees Year Zero Why So Serious .In Spore
-In Fable II
-In Left 4 Dead 2
-In Halo Wars
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-The jersey number of Jackie Robinson , which is the only number retired by all Major League Baseball teams. Although the number was retired in 1997, Mariano Rivera of the New York Yankees , the last professional baseball player to wear number 42, continued to wear it until he retired at the end of the 2013 season. As of the 2014 season, no player will ever again wear the number 42 in Major League Baseball except on Jackie Robinson Day (April 15), when all uniformed personnel (players, managers, coaches, and umpires) wear the number.
-The jersey number of basketball Hall of Famer and one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History James Worthy , small forward for the Los Angeles Lakers , who retired his jersey number in 1995.
-The jersey number of American football Hall of Fame , Ronnie Lott , safety for the San Francisco 49ers , who retired his jersey number in 2003.
-The jersey number of Chicago Bears legend Sid Luckman , which was retired by the Bears.
-The jersey number of Pat Tillman , which was retired on November 13, 2004 by Arizona State University .
-The jersey number of baseball Hall of Famer Bruce Sutter , retired by the St. Louis Cardinals on September 17, 2006.
-The number of laws of cricket
-Rule 42 is the historic name of a Gaelic Athletic Association rule (now codified in Rule 5.1 and Rule 44) that in practice prohibits the playing of "foreign sports" (generally association football and the rugby codes ) at GAA grounds.42 is the number of a NASCAR car owned by Earnhardt Ganassi Racing . As of the upcoming 2014 season, it will be driven by Kyle Larson .
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Other fields [ edit ]
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-the 3D games of TRIADEM use 42 pieces with 6 players and the board structure consists of many occurrences of 42.
-+42 is the historic Country calling code for the former country of Czechoslovakia .
-There are 42 US gallons in a barrel of oil.
-42 is the number of the French department of Loire . The number is also reflected in the postal code for that area.
-The board game Risk (game) has forty-two territories
-Tower 42 is a skyscraper in the City of London , formerly known as the NatWest Tower.The name of a Texan trick-taking game played with dominoes (see 42 (dominoes) ).
-The number of spots (or pips, circular patches or pits) on a pair of standard six-sided dice .
-In New York City , 42nd Street is a main and very popular two-way thoroughfare. Landmarks on it include the Chrysler Building , Grand Central Terminal , the main branch of the New York Public Library , and Times Square . The New York City street is also the setting for a movie by the same name (which also gave fame to its eponymous title song), and which later inspired a musical adaptation, 42nd Street .
-Popular gadget magazine Stuff did not produce an issue numbered 42, in honor of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, instead, the 41st issue was followed by the 43rd.
-The designation within ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 of its working group on Architecture was chosen to be "WG 42" because architecture is the answer to "Life, the Universe and Everything", skipping over designations 26 through 41.
-Fictional comic book superhero Miles Morales is bitten by a genetically altered spider with a red 42 marked on its abdomen. Morales later assumes the role of Spider-Man as a result of the bite and following the death of Peter Parker in the Ultimate Marvel universe from Marvel Comics . Morales also wins a coveted spot in a prestigious charter school after his number (42) is chosen during a lottery.
-In the Shakespearean play Romeo and Juliet , Juliet takes a potion that makes her appear dead for 42 hours.
-42 is a free tabloid devoted to technology news in Huntsville, Alabama . It is published by the Huntsville Times The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything "
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Other languages [ edit ]
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References [ edit ]
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-^ J. B. Conrey & A. Ghosh, "A conjecture for the sixth power moment of the Riemann zeta-function" International Mathematics Research Notices (1998) ^ J. B. Conrey & S. M. Gonek, "High moments of the Riemann zeta-function" Duke Math J. 107 3 (2001): 577 – 604 ^ Differently Perfect - mathpages.com ^ Sequence A019283 in OEIS ^ Alex Zhai ties for second-highest score in 2007 USA Mathematical Olympiad - By Andrew Lovdahl Gargoyle staff reporter Posted Monday, May 7, 2007, The OG, news & student awards - Online Gargoyle^ CBC News staff, "Canadian math champ's skills add up to a perfect score " CBC News July 20, 2004. "A 16-year-old Canadian was one of four students who achieved a perfect score at an international mathematics competition. Jacob Tsimerman of Toronto scored 42 out of 42, making him one of 45 individual gold medallists at the 45th International Mathematical Olympiad in Athens." ^ Cooper, Paul W. (1966). "Through the Earth in Forty Minutes". American Journal of Physics 34 (1): 68–69. doi :10.1119/1.1972773 . ^ "To Everywhere in 42 Minutes" . Time . February 11, 1966. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-18 . ^ "Jumping into a 7,965 mile deep hole" . Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-18 . ^ Carroll, Lewis (29 December 1893). "Chapter 7". Sylvie and Bruno Concluded 2 . illustrated by Harry Furniss . United Kingdom: Macmillan and Co. "Each railway is in a long tunnel, perfectly straight: so of course the middle of it is nearer the centre of the globe than the two ends: so every train runs half-way down -hill, and that gives it force enough to run the other half up -hill." ^ Lee Middleton; Jayanthi Sivaswamy (2002). "Framework for practical hexagonal-image processing" . Journal of Electronic Imaging 11 (104). doi :10.1117/1.1426078 . Retrieved January 17, 2010 (abstract only) . ^ "Maximum password age" . Microsoft TechNet. Retrieved 15 January 2014 . ^ Niiya, Brian. Japanese American history: an A-to-Z reference from 1868 to the present. Facts on File, Inc., 1993, p. 352 ^ Joel Primack; Nancy E. Abrams. "In A Beginning...Quantum Cosmology and Kabbalah" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-03-14 . ^ Gill, Peter (February 3, 2011). "42: Douglas Adams' Amazingly Accurate Answer to Life the Universe and Everything" . London: Guardian. Retrieved 03/04/2011 . ^ Lewis Carroll and Douglas Adams ^ The Mystery of Lewis Carroll, Jenny Woolf^ The Hunting of the Snark, by Lewis Carroll ^ The Hunting of the Snark, by Lewis Carroll ^ What Lewis Carroll Taught Us: Alice's creator knew all about role-playing. by Seth Lerer, March 4, 2010^ 42: Forty Two Up ^ http://www.slate.com/id/2284721/
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42 (number) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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42 (number)
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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42 (forty-two ) is the natural number immediately following 41 and directly preceding 43 . The number has received considerable attention in popular culture as a result of its central appearance in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Answer to The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything ".
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+
+
Mathematics [ edit ]
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+Forty-two is a pronic number and an abundant number ; its prime factorization 2 · 3 · 7 makes it the second sphenic number and also the second of the form { 2 · 3 · r }. As with all sphenic numbers of this form, the aliquot sum is abundant by 12. 42 is also the second sphenic number to be bracketed by twin primes ; 30 is also a pronic number and also rests between two primes. 42 has a 14 member aliquot sequence 42, 54, 66, 78, 90, 144, 259, 45, 33, 15, 9, 4, 3, 1, 0 and is itself part of the aliquot sequence commencing with the first sphenic number 30 . Further, 42 is the 10th member of the 3-aliquot tree.
+It is the third primary pseudoperfect number .
+It is a Catalan number . Consequently; 42 is the number of noncrossing partitions of a set of five elements, the number of triangulations of a heptagon , the number of rooted ordered binary trees with six leaves, the number of ways in which five pairs of nested parentheses can be arranged, etc.
+It is the number of partitions of 10 - the number of ways of expressing 10 as a sum of positive integers (note a different sense of partition from that above).
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+
+
+The 3 × 3 × 3 magic cube with rows summing to 42.
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+
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+Given 27 same-size cubes whose nominal values progress from 1 to 27, a 3×3×3 magic cube can be constructed such that every row, column, and corridor, and every diagonal passing through the center, is composed of 3 cubes whose sum of values is 42.
+It is the third pentadecagonal number . It is a meandric number and an open meandric number .
+It is conjectured to be the scaling factor in the leading order term of the "sixth moment of the Riemann zeta function ". In particular, Conrey & Ghosh have conjectured that
+
+.
+where the infinite product is over all prime numbers, p .[ 1] [ 2]
+
+
+42 is a Størmer number .
+In base 10, this number is a Harshad number and a self number , while it is a repdigit in base 4 (as 222).
+42 is the only known value that is the number of sets of four distinct positive integers a,b,c,d, each less than the value itself, such that ab-cd, ac-bd, and ad-bc are each multiples of the value. Whether there are other values remains an open question.[ 3]
+42 is a (2,6)-perfect number (super-multiperfect ), as [ 4]
+42 is a perfect score on the USA Math Olympiad (USAMO )[ 5] International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO).[ 6]
+42 is the maximum of core points awarded in International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme.
+42 is the resulting number of the original Smith number (4937775): Both the sum of its digits (4+9+3+7+7+7+5) as the sum of the digits in its prime factorization (3+5+5+(6+5+8+3+7)) result in 42.
+The dimension of the Borel subalgebra in the exceptional Lie algebra e 6
+
+
Science [ edit ]
+
+The atomic number of molybdenum .
+The angle rounded to whole degrees for which a rainbow appears (the critical angle).
+In 1966, mathematician Paul Cooper theorized that the fastest, most efficient way to travel across continents would be to bore a straight hollow tube directly through the Earth , connecting a set of antipodes , remove the air from the tube and fall through.[ 7] gravity train ) always works out to be 42 minutes, so long as the tube remains friction-free, as while the force of gravity would be lessened, the distance traveled is reduced at an equal rate.[ 8] [ 9] Lewis Carroll in 1893 in Sylvie and Bruno Concluded [ 10]
+
+
Technology [ edit ]
+
+Magic numbers used by programmers :
+
+The glyph, or character, corresponding to the number 42 in the ASCII character set, is *, the asterisk , commonly known as the wildcard character .
+In the TIFF image file format, the second 16-bit word of every file is 42, which is used together with the first word to indicate byte order .
+In the reiser4 file system, 42 is the inode number of the root directory .
+In the military IRIG 106 Chapter 10 data recording standard, the hex value 0x464F52545974776F (ASCII "FORTYtwo") is used as a magic number to identify directory blocks.
+
+The GNU C Library , a set of standard routines available for use in computer programming , contains a function —memfrob() XOR combination of a given variable and the binary pattern 00101010 (42) as an XOR cipher .
+42 is the result given by the web search engines Google and Wolfram Alpha when the query "the answer to life the universe and everything " is entered as a search.
+Tiling a plane using regular hexagons , which is honeycomb in appearance, is approximated in a topological sense to an accuracy of better than 1% using a stretcher bond brick pattern with bricks of 42 squares (6 by 7).[ 11] The password expiration policy for a Microsoft Windows domain defaults to 42 days.[ 12]
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Astronomy [ edit ]
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+Messier object M42 , a magnitude 5.0 diffuse nebula in the constellation Orion , also known as the Orion Nebula The New General Catalogue object NGC 42, a spiral galaxy in the constellation Pegasus
+In January 2004, asteroid 2001 DA42 was given the permanent name 25924 Douglasadams , for the author Douglas Adams who popularized the number 42 and died in 2001. Brian G. Marsden , the director of the Minor Planet Center and the secretary for the naming committee, remarked that, with even his initials in the provisional designation, "This was sort of made for him, wasn't it?"
+Kepler-42 , a red dwarf in the constellation Cygnus around which orbits the three smallest exoplanets found to date.
+
Religion [ edit ]
+
+In Japanese culture, the number 42 is considered unlucky because the numerals when pronounced separately — "shi ni" (four two) — sound like the phrase, "unto death".[ 13]
+There are 42 principles of Ma'at , the Ancient Egyptian personification of physical and moral law, order, and truth. In the judgment scene described in the Egyptian and the Book of the Coming/Going Forth by Day (the Book of the Dead (which evolved from the Coffin Texts and the Pyramid Texts )), there are 42 gods and goddesses of Egypt, personifying the principles of Ma'at . These 42 correspond to the 42 Nomes (Governmental Units) of Egypt. If the departed successfully answers all 42, s/he becomes an Osiris .
+42 is the number with which God creates the Universe in Kabbalistic tradition . In Kabbalah, the most significant name is that of the En Sof (also known as "Ein Sof ", "Infinite" or "Endless"), who is above the Sefirot (sometimes spelled "Sephirot ").[ 14] Atziluth " "Emanation"). While there are obvious links between the Forty-Two Lettered Name of the Babylonian Talmud and the Kabbalah's Forty-Two Lettered Name, they are probably not identical because of the Kabbalah's emphasis on numbers. The Kabbalah also contains a Forty-Five Lettered Name and a Seventy-Two Lettered Name.
+The number 42 appears in various contexts in Christianity . There are 42 generations (names) in the Gospel of Matthew 's version of the Genealogy of Jesus ; it is prophesied that for 42 months the Beast will hold dominion over the Earth (Revelation 13:5); 42 men of Beth-azmaveth were counted in the census of men of Israel upon return from exile (Ezra 2:24); God sent bears to maul 42 of the teenage boys who mocked Elisha for his baldness (2 Kings 2:23), etc.
+In Judaism , the number (in the Babylonian Talmud , compiled 375 AD to 499 AD) of the "Forty-Two Lettered Name" ascribed to God. Rab (or Rabhs), a 3rd-century source in the Talmud stated "The Forty-Two Lettered Name is entrusted only to him who is pious, meek, middle-aged, free from bad temper, sober, and not insistent on his rights". [Source: Talmud Kidduschin 71a, Translated by Rabbi Dr. I. Epstein]. Maimonides felt that the original Talmudic Forty-Two Lettered Name was perhaps composed of several combined divine names [Maimonides "Moreh"]. The apparently unpronouncable Tetragrammaton provides the backdrop from the Twelve-Lettered Name and the Forty-Two Lettered Name of the Talmud.[citation needed
+The Gutenberg Bible is also known as the "42-line Bible", as the book contained 42 lines per page.
+The Forty-Two Articles (1552) , largely the work of Thomas Cranmer , were intended to summarise Anglican doctrine, as it now existed under the reign of Edward VI .
+
+
Popular culture [ edit ]
+
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy [ edit ]
+
The number 42 is, in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Douglas Adams , "The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything ", calculated by an enormous supercomputer over a period of 7.5 million years. Unfortunately no one knows what the question is. Thus, to calculate the Ultimate Question, a special computer the size of a small planet and built from organic components was created and named "Earth". This appeared first in the radio play and later in the novelization of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy . The fourth book in the series, the novel So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish Mostly Harmless Stavromula Beta . In 1994 Adams created the 42 Puzzle
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The book 42: Douglas Adams' Amazingly Accurate Answer to Life, the Universe and Everything [ 15]
+
Works of Lewis Carroll [ edit ]
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Lewis Carroll [ 16] [ 17]
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Examples of Carroll's use of 42:
+
+Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has 42 illustrations.
+Rule Forty-two in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland ("All persons more than a mile high to leave the court").
+Rule 42 of the Code in the preface[ 18] The Hunting of the Snark ("No one shall speak to the Man at the Helm").
+In "fit the first" of The Hunting of the Snark the Baker had "forty-two boxes, all carefully packed, With his name painted clearly on each."[ 19]
+The White Queen announces her age as "one hundred and one, five months and a day", which - if the best possible date is assumed for the action of Through the Looking-Glass - gives a total of 37,044 days. With the further (textually unconfirmed) assumption that both Queens were born on the same day their combined age becomes 74,088 days, which is 42 x 42 x 42. Some commentators have asserted that this is deliberate on Carroll's part.[ 20]
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Television and film [ edit ]
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+The Kumars at No. 42 Sanjeev Bhaskar hosted a BBC show nominating The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Britain 's Best Loved BookA made for TV movie 42: Forty Two Up - an installment in a series of documentaries wherein the director revisits the same group of British-born individuals every 7 years.[ 21]
+"42 " is an episode of Doctor Who real time lasting approximately 42 minutes.
+The USS Enterprise D had 42 decks
+In an episode of Stargate Atlantis the character John Sheppard reveals that the number is the ultimate answer to life, the universe and everything, to the confusion of his alien companion.
+On the game show Jeopardy! Watson " the IBM supercomputer, has 42 "threads" in its avatar.[ 22]
+On the Unusuals
+42 (film) is a film on the life of American baseball player Jackie Robinson.I, Robot (film) 42 is the number of the first robot shown in the movie, a FedEx Delivery robot.42 is the number of Tony Stark 's latest armor (Mark 42) in Marvel Studios ' movie Iron Man 3 by Shane Black starring Robert Downey Jr .
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Video games [ edit ]
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+42 Entertainment is the company responsible for several alternate reality games , including I Love Bees Year Zero Why So Serious .In Spore
+In Fable II
+In Left 4 Dead 2
+In Halo Wars
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+The jersey number of Jackie Robinson , which is the only number retired by all Major League Baseball teams. Although the number was retired in 1997, Mariano Rivera of the New York Yankees , the last professional baseball player to wear number 42, continued to wear it until he retired at the end of the 2013 season. As of the 2014 season, no player will ever again wear the number 42 in Major League Baseball except on Jackie Robinson Day (April 15), when all uniformed personnel (players, managers, coaches, and umpires) wear the number.
+The jersey number of basketball Hall of Famer and one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History James Worthy , small forward for the Los Angeles Lakers , who retired his jersey number in 1995.
+The jersey number of American football Hall of Fame , Ronnie Lott , safety for the San Francisco 49ers , who retired his jersey number in 2003.
+The jersey number of Chicago Bears legend Sid Luckman , which was retired by the Bears.
+The jersey number of Pat Tillman , which was retired on November 13, 2004 by Arizona State University .
+The jersey number of baseball Hall of Famer Bruce Sutter , retired by the St. Louis Cardinals on September 17, 2006.
+The number of laws of cricket
+Rule 42 is the historic name of a Gaelic Athletic Association rule (now codified in Rule 5.1 and Rule 44) that in practice prohibits the playing of "foreign sports" (generally association football and the rugby codes ) at GAA grounds.42 is the number of a NASCAR car owned by Earnhardt Ganassi Racing . As of the upcoming 2014 season, it will be driven by Kyle Larson .
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Other fields [ edit ]
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+the 3D games of TRIADEM use 42 pieces with 6 players and the board structure consists of many occurrences of 42.
++42 is the historic Country calling code for the former country of Czechoslovakia .
+There are 42 US gallons in a barrel of oil.
+42 is the number of the French department of Loire . The number is also reflected in the postal code for that area.
+The board game Risk (game) has forty-two territories
+Tower 42 is a skyscraper in the City of London , formerly known as the NatWest Tower.The name of a Texan trick-taking game played with dominoes (see 42 (dominoes) ).
+The number of spots (or pips, circular patches or pits) on a pair of standard six-sided dice .
+In New York City , 42nd Street is a main and very popular two-way thoroughfare. Landmarks on it include the Chrysler Building , Grand Central Terminal , the main branch of the New York Public Library , and Times Square . The New York City street is also the setting for a movie by the same name (which also gave fame to its eponymous title song), and which later inspired a musical adaptation, 42nd Street .
+Popular gadget magazine Stuff did not produce an issue numbered 42, in honor of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, instead, the 41st issue was followed by the 43rd.
+The designation within ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 of its working group on Architecture was chosen to be "WG 42" because architecture is the answer to "Life, the Universe and Everything", skipping over designations 26 through 41.
+Fictional comic book superhero Miles Morales is bitten by a genetically altered spider with a red 42 marked on its abdomen. Morales later assumes the role of Spider-Man as a result of the bite and following the death of Peter Parker in the Ultimate Marvel universe from Marvel Comics . Morales also wins a coveted spot in a prestigious charter school after his number (42) is chosen during a lottery.
+In the Shakespearean play Romeo and Juliet , Juliet takes a potion that makes her appear dead for 42 hours.
+42 is a free tabloid devoted to technology news in Huntsville, Alabama . It is published by the Huntsville Times The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything "
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Other languages [ edit ]
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References [ edit ]
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+^ J. B. Conrey & A. Ghosh, "A conjecture for the sixth power moment of the Riemann zeta-function" International Mathematics Research Notices (1998) ^ J. B. Conrey & S. M. Gonek, "High moments of the Riemann zeta-function" Duke Math J. 107 3 (2001): 577 – 604 ^ Differently Perfect - mathpages.com ^ Sequence A019283 in OEIS ^ Alex Zhai ties for second-highest score in 2007 USA Mathematical Olympiad - By Andrew Lovdahl Gargoyle staff reporter Posted Monday, May 7, 2007, The OG, news & student awards - Online Gargoyle^ CBC News staff, "Canadian math champ's skills add up to a perfect score " CBC News July 20, 2004. "A 16-year-old Canadian was one of four students who achieved a perfect score at an international mathematics competition. Jacob Tsimerman of Toronto scored 42 out of 42, making him one of 45 individual gold medallists at the 45th International Mathematical Olympiad in Athens." ^ Cooper, Paul W. (1966). "Through the Earth in Forty Minutes". American Journal of Physics 34 (1): 68–69. doi :10.1119/1.1972773 . ^ "To Everywhere in 42 Minutes" . Time . February 11, 1966. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-18 . ^ "Jumping into a 7,965 mile deep hole" . Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-18 . ^ Carroll, Lewis (29 December 1893). "Chapter 7". Sylvie and Bruno Concluded 2 . illustrated by Harry Furniss . United Kingdom: Macmillan and Co. "Each railway is in a long tunnel, perfectly straight: so of course the middle of it is nearer the centre of the globe than the two ends: so every train runs half-way down -hill, and that gives it force enough to run the other half up -hill." ^ Lee Middleton; Jayanthi Sivaswamy (2002). "Framework for practical hexagonal-image processing" . Journal of Electronic Imaging 11 (104). doi :10.1117/1.1426078 . Retrieved January 17, 2010 (abstract only) . ^ "Maximum password age" . Microsoft TechNet. Retrieved 15 January 2014 . ^ Niiya, Brian. Japanese American history: an A-to-Z reference from 1868 to the present. Facts on File, Inc., 1993, p. 352 ^ Joel Primack; Nancy E. Abrams. "In A Beginning...Quantum Cosmology and Kabbalah" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-03-14 . ^ Gill, Peter (February 3, 2011). "42: Douglas Adams' Amazingly Accurate Answer to Life the Universe and Everything" . London: Guardian. Retrieved 03/04/2011 . ^ Lewis Carroll and Douglas Adams ^ The Mystery of Lewis Carroll, Jenny Woolf^ The Hunting of the Snark, by Lewis Carroll ^ The Hunting of the Snark, by Lewis Carroll ^ What Lewis Carroll Taught Us: Alice's creator knew all about role-playing. by Seth Lerer, March 4, 2010^ 42: Forty Two Up ^ http://www.slate.com/id/2284721/
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",
"input": "
12
3",
"input": "12
3",
"output": [
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@
]
},
{
+ "fragmentContext": null,
"description": "12 3
+
+
+ 
+ 
+