/*
 * Copyright (c) 1998, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 *
 *
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 *
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 *
 *
 *
 */

package java.net;

import java.io.*;

/**
 * Utility class for HTML form decoding. This class contains static methods
 * for decoding a String from the <CODE>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</CODE>
 * MIME format.
 * <p>
 * The conversion process is the reverse of that used by the URLEncoder class. It is assumed
 * that all characters in the encoded string are one of the following:
 * &quot;{@code a}&quot; through &quot;{@code z}&quot;,
 * &quot;{@code A}&quot; through &quot;{@code Z}&quot;,
 * &quot;{@code 0}&quot; through &quot;{@code 9}&quot;, and
 * &quot;{@code -}&quot;, &quot;{@code _}&quot;,
 * &quot;{@code .}&quot;, and &quot;{@code *}&quot;. The
 * character &quot;{@code %}&quot; is allowed but is interpreted
 * as the start of a special escaped sequence.
 * <p>
 * The following rules are applied in the conversion:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>The alphanumeric characters &quot;{@code a}&quot; through
 *     &quot;{@code z}&quot;, &quot;{@code A}&quot; through
 *     &quot;{@code Z}&quot; and &quot;{@code 0}&quot;
 *     through &quot;{@code 9}&quot; remain the same.
 * <li>The special characters &quot;{@code .}&quot;,
 *     &quot;{@code -}&quot;, &quot;{@code *}&quot;, and
 *     &quot;{@code _}&quot; remain the same.
 * <li>The plus sign &quot;{@code +}&quot; is converted into a
 *     space character &quot; &nbsp; &quot; .
 * <li>A sequence of the form "<i>{@code %xy}</i>" will be
 *     treated as representing a byte where <i>xy</i> is the two-digit
 *     hexadecimal representation of the 8 bits. Then, all substrings
 *     that contain one or more of these byte sequences consecutively
 *     will be replaced by the character(s) whose encoding would result
 *     in those consecutive bytes.
 *     The encoding scheme used to decode these characters may be specified,
 *     or if unspecified, the default encoding of the platform will be used.
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * There are two possible ways in which this decoder could deal with
 * illegal strings.  It could either leave illegal characters alone or
 * it could throw an {@link java.lang.IllegalArgumentException}.
 * Which approach the decoder takes is left to the
 * implementation.
 *
 * @author  Mark Chamness
 * @author  Michael McCloskey
 * @since   1.2
 */

public class URLDecoder {

    // The platform default encoding
    static String dfltEncName = URLEncoder.dfltEncName;

    /**
     * Decodes a {@code x-www-form-urlencoded} string.
     * The platform's default encoding is used to determine what characters
     * are represented by any consecutive sequences of the form
     * "<i>{@code %xy}</i>".
     * @param s the {@code String} to decode
     * @deprecated The resulting string may vary depending on the platform's
     *          default encoding. Instead, use the decode(String,String) method
     *          to specify the encoding.
     * @return the newly decoded {@code String}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static String decode(String s) {

        String str = null;

        try {
            str = decode(s, dfltEncName);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // The system should always have the platform default
        }

        return str;
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a {@code application/x-www-form-urlencoded} string using a specific
     * encoding scheme.
     * The supplied encoding is used to determine
     * what characters are represented by any consecutive sequences of the
     * form "<i>{@code %xy}</i>".
     * <p>
     * <em><strong>Note:</strong> The <a href=
     * "http://www.w3.org/TR/html40/appendix/notes.html#non-ascii-chars">
     * World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation</a> states that
     * UTF-8 should be used. Not doing so may introduce
     * incompatibilities.</em>
     *
     * @param s the {@code String} to decode
     * @param enc   The name of a supported
     *    <a href="../lang/package-summary.html#charenc">character
     *    encoding</a>.
     * @return the newly decoded {@code String}
     * @exception  UnsupportedEncodingException
     *             If character encoding needs to be consulted, but
     *             named character encoding is not supported
     * @see URLEncoder#encode(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static String decode(String s, String enc)
        throws UnsupportedEncodingException{

        boolean needToChange = false;
        int numChars = s.length();
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(numChars > 500 ? numChars / 2 : numChars);
        int i = 0;

        if (enc.length() == 0) {
            throw new UnsupportedEncodingException ("URLDecoder: empty string enc parameter");
        }

        char c;
        byte[] bytes = null;
        while (i < numChars) {
            c = s.charAt(i);
            switch (c) {
            case '+':
                sb.append(' ');
                i++;
                needToChange = true;
                break;
            case '%':
                /*
                 * Starting with this instance of %, process all
                 * consecutive substrings of the form %xy. Each
                 * substring %xy will yield a byte. Convert all
                 * consecutive  bytes obtained this way to whatever
                 * character(s) they represent in the provided
                 * encoding.
                 */

                try {

                    // (numChars-i)/3 is an upper bound for the number
                    // of remaining bytes
                    if (bytes == null)
                        bytes = new byte[(numChars-i)/3];
                    int pos = 0;

                    while ( ((i+2) < numChars) &&
                            (c=='%')) {
                        int v = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(i+1,i+3),16);
                        if (v < 0)
                            throw new IllegalArgumentException("URLDecoder: Illegal hex characters in escape (%) pattern - negative value");
                        bytes[pos++] = (byte) v;
                        i+= 3;
                        if (i < numChars)
                            c = s.charAt(i);
                    }

                    // A trailing, incomplete byte encoding such as
                    // "%x" will cause an exception to be thrown

                    if ((i < numChars) && (c=='%'))
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                         "URLDecoder: Incomplete trailing escape (%) pattern");

                    sb.append(new String(bytes, 0, pos, enc));
                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "URLDecoder: Illegal hex characters in escape (%) pattern - "
                    + e.getMessage());
                }
                needToChange = true;
                break;
            default:
                sb.append(c);
                i++;
                break;
            }
        }

        return (needToChange? sb.toString() : s);
    }
}