README.en.md · rust/kv-rs

# KV Storage in Rust
> High-performance distributed key-value storage system built with Rust for modern data storage solutions

[gitee.com/rust_us/kv-rs](https://gitee.com/rust_us/kv-rs)

[github.com/rust-us/kv-rs](https://github.com/rust-us/kv-rs)

## Product Overview

KV Storage is a high-performance distributed key-value storage system developed in Rust, designed specifically for modern application data storage needs. The system combines Rust's memory safety features with high-performance characteristics, providing a reliable, fast, and easy-to-use data storage solution.

### Core Value Proposition

- **Memory Safety**: Built on Rust's zero-cost abstractions and memory safety guarantees, eliminating memory leaks and data races
- **High Performance**: Leverages Rust's system-level performance advantages, delivering near C/C++ execution efficiency
- **Easy Deployment**: Single binary deployment with no complex dependency management
- **Cross-Platform Support**: Supports mainstream operating systems including Linux and macOS
- **Rich Data Encoding**: Built-in support for multiple encoding formats including Base64, Hex, and JSON

## Core Features

### 🚀 High-Performance Storage Engine
- **LSM-Tree Storage Structure**: Optimized write performance with support for high-concurrency write operations
- **Intelligent Compaction Strategy**: Automatic data compression to reduce storage space usage
- **Memory-Mapped Files**: Utilizes OS page cache for enhanced read performance
- **Asynchronous I/O**: Built on Tokio async runtime for high-concurrency access support

### 🔐 Data Security & Reliability
- **ACID Transaction Support**: Guarantees atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability of data operations
- **Data Validation**: Built-in CRC checksums ensure data integrity
- **Crash Recovery**: Supports WAL (Write-Ahead Logging) for data recovery after system crashes
- **Backup & Recovery**: Supports hot backup and incremental backup

### 🎯 Versatile Data Encoding
- **Base64 Encoding**: Suitable for text representation and transmission of binary data
- **Hexadecimal Encoding**: Convenient for debugging and data inspection, supports raw byte viewing
- **JSON Encoding**: Handles text data with special characters while preserving data structure
- **Automatic Format Detection**: Intelligently recognizes data encoding formats, simplifying usage
- **Batch Operations**: Supports bulk encoding and decoding operations for multiple key-value pairs

### 🛠️ Flexible Configuration Management
- **YAML Configuration Files**: Human-friendly configuration format with comment and hierarchical structure support
- **Runtime Configuration Updates**: Some configuration items support hot updates without service restart
- **Environment Adaptation**: Supports configuration templates for development, testing, and production environments
- **Performance Tuning**: Rich performance parameter configuration for different load scenarios

### 💻 User-Friendly Interface
- **Interactive CLI**: Redis-like command-line interface with low learning curve
- **Multi-line Input Support**: Supports multi-line input and editing for complex data
- **Progress Display**: Progress bars for long-running operations, enhancing user experience
- **Colored Output**: Syntax highlighting and status coloring for improved readability

## Technical Architecture

### System Architecture Diagram
```
┌─────────────────┐    ┌─────────────────┐    ┌─────────────────┐
│   kvcli (CLI)   │    │  Web Interface  │    │   API Client    │
└─────────┬───────┘    └─────────┬───────┘    └─────────┬───────┘
          │                      │                      │
          └──────────────────────┼──────────────────────┘
                                 │
                    ┌─────────────┴─────────────┐
                    │     KV Storage Engine     │
                    │    (kv-rs Core Library)   │
                    └─────────────┬─────────────┘
                                  │
                    ┌─────────────┴─────────────┐
                    │     Storage Layer         │
                    │  ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐  │
                    │  │   WAL   │ │ SSTable │  │
                    │  └─────────┘ └─────────┘  │
                    └───────────────────────────┘
```

### Core Components

#### 1. Storage Engine (kv-rs)
- **LSM-Tree Implementation**: Layered storage structure optimizing write performance
- **MemTable**: In-memory ordered data structure for fast writes
- **Immutable MemTable**: Read-only memory table ready for disk flush
- **SSTable Files**: Sorted string tables on disk supporting range queries
- **Bloom Filters**: Reduces unnecessary disk I/O operations

#### 2. Command Line Interface (kvcli)
- **Command Parser**: Supports Redis-like command syntax
- **Session Management**: Maintains client connection state
- **Result Formatting**: Beautifies output results with multiple display format support
- **Configuration Management**: Dynamic configuration loading and updates

#### 3. Data Encoding Module
- **Encoder Interface**: Unified encoder abstraction
- **Format Detector**: Automatically recognizes data encoding formats
- **Batch Processing Engine**: Efficient bulk encoding processing
- **Performance Optimization**: Zero-copy encoding reduces memory allocation

## Use Cases

### 🏢 Enterprise Applications
- **Caching System**: Replace Redis for high-performance caching
- **Session Storage**: User session management for web applications
- **Configuration Center**: Configuration management for distributed systems
- **Message Queue**: Lightweight message passing and task queues

### 🔬 Development & Testing
- **Prototype Development**: Rapidly build data storage prototypes
- **Performance Testing**: Database performance benchmarking
- **Data Simulation**: Generate and manage test data
- **Debugging Tools**: Data format conversion and debugging

### 📊 Data Processing
- **ETL Processes**: Data extraction, transformation, and loading
- **Data Archiving**: Compressed storage of historical data
- **Log Processing**: Structured log data storage
- **Metrics Collection**: Temporary storage of system monitoring metrics

## Performance Metrics

### Benchmark Results
- **Write Performance**: 100,000+ ops/sec (single-threaded)
- **Read Performance**: 200,000+ ops/sec (single-threaded)
- **Memory Usage**: < 50MB (base runtime)
- **Startup Time**: < 100ms (cold start)
- **Data Compression Ratio**: Average 60-80% (depends on data type)

### Scalability
- **Concurrent Connections**: Supports 1000+ concurrent client connections
- **Data Capacity**: Supports TB-level data storage
- **Key-Value Count**: Supports billions of key-value pairs
- **Transaction Throughput**: 10,000+ TPS (transactions per second)

## Software Architecture
- **kv-rs**: Core KV storage engine library
- **kvcli**: Interactive command-line interface
- **Data Encoding**: Support for Base64, Hex, and JSON encoding formats

#### Installation

1. Install via Cargo: `cargo install kvcli`
2. Build from source: `cargo build --release`
3. Run with custom config: `./kvcli --config config/kvdb.yaml`

#### Instructions

### Basic Usage
1. Start the CLI: `./kvcli`
2. Set values: `SET key value`
3. Get values: `GET key`
4. List keys: `KEYS`

### Data Encoding Features
1. **Encode data**: `ENCODE key format` (supports base64, hex, json)
2. **Decode data**: `DECODE key [format]`
3. **Batch operations**: `MENCCODE key1 key2 format` / `MDECODE key1 key2`
4. **Format detection**: `DETECT key`
5. **Show formats**: `SHOW ENCODINGS`

### Command Grammar

| Syntax | CMD                | Description                                        | Example                           |
|--------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| INFO   | INFO               | View service status and information                                 | INFO                           |
| TIME   | TIME               | Return current server time                                   | TIME                           |
| KSIZE  | KSIZE              | Return number of keys in current database                            | KSIZE                          |
| EXIT   | exit               | Close current connection                                      | exit                           |
| SHOW   | SHOW DB            | Show current database file                                  | SHOW DB                        |
| SHOW   | SHOW ENCODINGS     | Show supported encoding formats                                 | SHOW ENCODINGS                 |
| SELECT | SELECT <db>        | Switch to specified database                                   |                                |
| SET    | SET <KEY> <VALUE>  | Set value for specified key                                | SET ob "redis" <br/> SET key 1 |
| GET    | GET <KEY>          | Get value for specified key                                 | GET ob                         |
| KEYS   | KEYS               | List all keys                                    | KEYS                           |
| DEL    | DEL <KEY>          | Delete specified key                                             | DEL ob                         |
| DELETE | DELETE <KEY>       | Delete specified key                                             | DELETE ob                      |
| GETSET | GETSET key value   | Set key to value and return old value | |
| MGET   | MGET key1 [key2..] | Get values for multiple keys                       |                                |
| SETEX  | SETNX key value    | Set key value only if key doesn't exist                      |                                |
| ENCODE | ENCODE <KEY> <FORMAT> | Encode value of specified key                                | ENCODE mykey base64            |
| DECODE | DECODE <KEY> [FORMAT] | Decode value of specified key                                | DECODE mykey                   |
| MENCCODE | MENCCODE <KEY1> <KEY2> ... <FORMAT> | Batch encode multiple keys                      | MENCCODE key1 key2 hex         |
| MDECODE | MDECODE <KEY1> <KEY2> ... | Batch decode multiple keys                              | MDECODE key1 key2              |
| DETECT | DETECT <KEY>       | Detect encoding format of key value                                   | DETECT mykey                   |

## Data Encoding Features

The KV storage system supports multiple data encoding formats including Base64, Hex, and JSON encoding. This enables the system to store and process various types of data content.

### Supported Encoding Formats

- **Base64**: Suitable for text representation of binary data
- **Hex**: Hexadecimal encoding, commonly used for debugging and data inspection
- **JSON**: JSON string encoding, used for handling text with special characters

### Encoding Usage Examples

```doc
# View supported encoding formats
kvcli > SHOW ENCODINGS
Supported encoding formats:
- base64: Base64 encoding for binary data
- hex: Hexadecimal encoding
- json: JSON string encoding

# Set original data
kvcli > SET mydata "Hello, World!"
OK

# Encode data with Base64
kvcli > ENCODE mydata base64
Encoded (base64): SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==

# Check encoded value
kvcli > GET mydata
SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==

# Decode data
kvcli > DECODE mydata
Decoded: Hello, World!

# Detect data format
kvcli > DETECT mydata
Detected format: base64 (confidence: 0.95)

# Batch encoding example
kvcli > SET key1 "data1"
OK
kvcli > SET key2 "data2"
OK
kvcli > MENCCODE key1 key2 hex
Batch encoding completed:
- key1: encoded to hex
- key2: encoded to hex

# Batch decoding example
kvcli > MDECODE key1 key2
Batch decoding completed:
- key1: decoded successfully
- key2: decoded successfully
```

### Configuration
Configure encoding behavior in `config/kvdb.yaml`:
```yaml
encoding:
  default_format: "base64"    # Default encoding format
  auto_detect: true           # Auto-detect encoding format
  batch_size: 100            # Batch size for bulk operations
```

For detailed configuration documentation, see: [Configuration Guide](doc/configuration.en.md)

#### Contribution

1.  Fork the repository
2.  Create Feat_xxx branch
3.  Commit your code
4.  Create Pull Request

## Technical Advantages

### Memory Safety Guarantees
- **Zero-Cost Abstractions**: Rust's zero-cost abstractions ensure high performance while maintaining code readability and safety
- **Ownership System**: Compile-time memory management eliminates common issues like dangling pointers and memory leaks
- **Thread Safety**: Compile-time data race checking ensures data safety in multi-threaded environments

### Performance Optimization Strategies
- **SIMD Instructions**: Leverages modern CPU vectorization instructions to accelerate data processing
- **Cache-Friendly Design**: Data structures designed with CPU cache locality in mind for improved access efficiency
- **Zero-Copy I/O**: Reduces data copying between user space and kernel space
- **Batch Operation Optimization**: Batch processing reduces system call overhead

### Scalability Design
- **Modular Architecture**: Clear module boundaries facilitate feature extension and maintenance
- **Plugin System**: Supports custom encoders and storage backends
- **Horizontal Scaling**: Supports sharding and replication for large-scale deployment needs
- **Load Balancing**: Built-in load balancing algorithms optimize resource utilization

## Ecosystem

### Development Tools
- **Performance Analysis**: Built-in performance monitoring and analysis tools
- **Debug Support**: Detailed logging and error tracking
- **Testing Framework**: Complete unit testing and integration testing suite
- **Benchmarking**: Standardized performance benchmark testing tools

### Integration Support
- **Language Bindings**: Client libraries for multiple programming languages
- **Containerization**: Docker images and Kubernetes deployment configurations
- **Monitoring Integration**: Prometheus metrics export and Grafana dashboards
- **Logging Integration**: Structured log output with ELK stack support

## Version Roadmap

### Current Version Features
- ✅ Basic key-value storage operations
- ✅ Multiple data encoding format support
- ✅ Interactive command-line interface
- ✅ YAML configuration management
- ✅ Cross-platform support

### Future Version Planning
- 🔄 Distributed cluster support
- 🔄 HTTP REST API interface
- 🔄 Data replication and failover
- 🔄 Additional encoding format support
- 🔄 Graphical management interface

## License

This project is licensed under an open source license. Please see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.

---

**KV Storage in Rust** - High-performance key-value storage solution built for modern applications

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