\section{需从宽处拦\quad{}逼敌近坚垒}
\setcounter{tuxxx}{4}%图编号从5开始
{\heiti 题解}： 这两条要诀，主要强调了行棋的方向和充分发挥棋子的效力。\par
``需从宽处拦''适用于两种情况，一是对方分投时，要从宽的一边去拦；一是对方点三三时，要从广的一边去挡。\par
``逼敌近坚垒''是指使对方向自己坚垒处走棋。\par
图一中白1分投，图二中白1点三三，黑棋左边明显较右边宽广。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,6)}
	%1
	\stone{black}{c}{5}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{q}{4}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{l}{3}%1
	\move{j}{3}%2

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,9)}
	%2
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{k}{4}
	\stone{black}{q}{4}
	\stone{black}{r}{9}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{r}{3}%1
	\move{q}{3}%2
	
\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,9)}
	%3
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{r}{3}
	
	\stone{white}{k}{3}
	\stone{white}{q}{8}
	\stone{white}{r}{4}
	\stone{white}{r}{5}
	\stone{white}{r}{6}
	\stone{white}{r}{7}
	\stone{white}{r}{9}
	
	\stone[\marktr]{black}{q}{3}
	\stone[\marktr]{black}{q}{4}
	\stone[\marktr]{black}{q}{5}
	\stone[\marktr]{black}{q}{6}
	\stone[\marktr]{black}{q}{7}

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,8)}
	%4
	\stone{black}{b}{3}
	\stone{black}{b}{4}
	\stone{black}{b}{5}
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{2}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{f}{2}
	\stone{black}{f}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{4}
	\stone{black}{g}{5}
	\stone{black}{h}{3}
	\stone{black}{j}{2}
	\stone{black}{j}{3}
	\stone{black}{r}{5}
	
	\stone{white}{a}{2}
	\stone{white}{b}{2}
	\stone{white}{b}{6}
	\stone{white}{c}{2}
	\stone{white}{c}{3}
	\stone{white}{c}{5}
	\stone{white}{c}{6}
	\stone{white}{d}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{6}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	\stone{white}{g}{2}
	\stone{white}{g}{3}
	\stone{white}{h}{2}
	\stone{white}{q}{3}
	
\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
坚垒一词，使人首先想到如图三中黑\stone[\marktr]{black}坚壁，其实坚垒不只是指坚壁，凡是坚实已活的棋都是坚垒，如图四黑左边一块。\par
{\heiti 理由}：从广宽的一边去拦截投入己阵的敌子，可以避免重复，使自己具有更大的发展性。把敌子逼向自己势厚的地方，迫使对方走价值低的棋，则等于自己走了价值高的棋，这也是``逼敌近坚垒''的含义。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,6)}
	%5
	\stone{black}{c}{5}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{q}{4}
	
	\stone{white}{l}{3}	
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{j}{3}%1
	\move{o}{3}%2
	\move{p}{3}%3
	\move{o}{4}%4
	\move{r}{6}%5
	
\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx ：对白分投，黑1拦正确。以后黑3顶、5跳，步调甚好。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,9)}
	%6
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{k}{4}
	\stone{black}{q}{4}
	
	\stone[\marktr]{black}{r}{9}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{r}{3}%1
	\move{r}{4}%2
	\move{q}{3}%3
	\move{p}{3}%4
	\move{p}{2}%5
	\move{o}{3}%6
	\move{o}{2}%7
	\move{n}{3}%8
	\move{s}{4}%9
	\move{s}{5}%10
	\move{s}{3}%11
	\move{r}{6}%12	
\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx ：本图黑2挡错了方向，白3长、5扳，由于左边是黑方大本营，不能让白出头，到黑12补时，白已先手活角，而黑\stone[\marktr]{black}一子离黑势太近，显得重复。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,10)}
	%7
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{k}{4}
	\stone{black}{q}{4}
	\stone{black}{r}{10}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{r}{3}%1
	\move{q}{3}%2
	\move{r}{4}%3
	\move{r}{5}%4
	\move{s}{5}%5
	\move{r}{6}%6
	\move{s}{6}%7
	\move{r}{7}%8
	\move{q}{2}%9
	\move{p}{2}%10
	\move{r}{2}%11
	\move{o}{3}%12	
\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx ：黑2挡正确，应接至黑12，黑阵势完整而雄大，显然比图六结果好。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,9)}
	%8
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{q}{3}
	\stone{black}{q}{4}
	\stone{black}{q}{5}
	\stone{black}{q}{6}
	\stone{black}{q}{7}
	\stone{black}{r}{3}
	
	\stone{white}{k}{3}
	\stone{white}{q}{8}
	\stone{white}{r}{4}
	\stone{white}{r}{5}
	\stone{white}{r}{6}
	\stone{white}{r}{7}
	\stone{white}{r}{9}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{m}{3}%1
	\move{g}{3}%2
	\move{c}{7}%3
	\move{d}{2}%4
	\move{c}{3}%5

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx ：黑舍不得厚势落空，在1位围一点空，这是不好的。以后白2、4先手安定，黑所得甚少。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,9)}
	%9
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{q}{3}
	\stone{black}{q}{4}
	\stone{black}{q}{5}
	\stone{black}{q}{6}
	\stone{black}{q}{7}
	\stone{black}{r}{3}
	
	\stone{white}{k}{3}
	\stone{white}{q}{8}
	\stone{white}{r}{4}
	\stone{white}{r}{5}
	\stone{white}{r}{6}
	\stone{white}{r}{7}
	\stone{white}{r}{9}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{h}{3}%1
	\move{n}{3}%2
	
\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx ：黑1将白2逼向厚势，虽然破了黑右下的一点空，但对黑棋厚势毫无影响，并且黑的厚势对于白的拆二，始终是一种威胁，此结果黑棋子效充分。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,8)}
	%10
	\stone{black}{b}{3}
	\stone{black}{b}{4}
	\stone{black}{b}{5}
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{2}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{f}{2}
	\stone{black}{f}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{4}
	\stone{black}{g}{5}
	\stone{black}{h}{3}
	\stone{black}{j}{2}
	\stone{black}{j}{3}
	\stone{black}{r}{5}
	
	\stone{white}{a}{2}
	\stone{white}{b}{2}
	\stone{white}{b}{6}
	\stone{white}{c}{2}
	\stone{white}{c}{3}
	\stone{white}{c}{5}
	\stone{white}{c}{6}
	\stone{white}{d}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{6}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	\stone{white}{g}{2}
	\stone{white}{g}{3}
	\stone{white}{h}{2}
	\stone{white}{q}{3}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{o}{3}%1
	\move{o}{4}%2
	\move{n}{3}%3
	\move{p}{3}%4
	\move{p}{5}%5
	\move{p}{4}%6
	\move{s}{3}%7
	\move{n}{4}%8
	\move{m}{3}%9
	\move{n}{6}%10
	\move{q}{8}%11
	
\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx ：黑1乍看是拆兼夹的好手，但应接至11，白向中央出头，眼形也较丰富，黑左右所得均有限，且是后手，因此黑1的下法不充分。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,8)}
	%11
	\stone{black}{b}{3}
	\stone{black}{b}{4}
	\stone{black}{b}{5}
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{2}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{f}{2}
	\stone{black}{f}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{4}
	\stone{black}{g}{5}
	\stone{black}{h}{3}
	\stone{black}{j}{2}
	\stone{black}{j}{3}
	\stone{black}{r}{5}
	
	\stone{white}{a}{2}
	\stone{white}{b}{2}
	\stone{white}{b}{6}
	\stone{white}{c}{2}
	\stone{white}{c}{3}
	\stone{white}{c}{5}
	\stone{white}{c}{6}
	\stone{white}{d}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{6}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	\stone{white}{g}{2}
	\stone{white}{g}{3}
	\stone{white}{h}{2}
	\stone{white}{q}{3}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{s}{3}%1
	\move{o}{4}%2
	\move{q}{7}%3
	\move{m}{3}%4

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx ：黑1、3搜根，下法正确，白2、4不得不补。黑先手得角，白靠近黑势连走两手棋价值不大，因此黑1是一种有力的下法。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,6)}
	%12
	\stone{black}{b}{3}
	\stone{black}{b}{4}
	\stone{black}{b}{5}
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{2}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{f}{2}
	\stone{black}{f}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{4}
	\stone{black}{g}{5}
	\stone{black}{h}{3}
	\stone{black}{j}{2}
	\stone{black}{j}{3}
	\stone{black}{r}{5}
	
	\stone{white}{a}{2}
	\stone{white}{b}{2}
	\stone{white}{b}{6}
	\stone{white}{c}{2}
	\stone{white}{c}{3}
	\stone{white}{c}{5}
	\stone{white}{c}{6}
	\stone{white}{d}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{6}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	\stone{white}{g}{2}
	\stone{white}{g}{3}
	\stone{white}{h}{2}
	\stone{white}{q}{3}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{s}{3}%1
	\move{n}{3}%2
	\move{p}{4}%3
	\move{p}{3}%4
	\move{o}{4}%5
	\move{n}{4}%6
	\move{n}{5}%7
	\move{m}{5}%8
	\move{n}{6}%9

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx ：白如拆二，黑3以下攻击使棋势愈盛，白仍不行。\par
{\heiti 小结}：本要诀适用于布局和中盘阶段，它的原理是充分发挥子的效力，学习这些要诀，可以加深对棋子效力的理解。\par
\clearpage