DecisonTree/DT.ipynb · Zihao Guo/统计学习方法笔记-基于Python算法实现

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DT.ipynb 33.71 KB

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 决策树\n",
    "\n",
    "- ID3（基于信息增益）\n",
    "- C4.5（基于信息增益比）\n",
    "- CART（gini指数）"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### entropy：$H(x) = -\\sum_{i=1}^{n}p_i\\log{p_i}$\n",
    "\n",
    "#### conditional entropy: $H(X|Y)=\\sum{P(X|Y)}\\log{P(X|Y)}$\n",
    "\n",
    "#### information gain : $g(D, A)=H(D)-H(D|A)$\n",
    "\n",
    "#### information gain ratio: $g_R(D, A) = \\frac{g(D,A)}{H(A)}$\n",
    "\n",
    "#### gini index:$Gini(D)=\\sum_{k=1}^{K}p_k\\log{p_k}=1-\\sum_{k=1}^{K}p_k^2$"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "\n",
    "from sklearn.datasets import load_iris\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "\n",
    "from collections import Counter\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from math import log\n",
    "\n",
    "import pprint"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "书上题目5.1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 书上题目5.1\n",
    "def create_data():\n",
    "    datasets = [['青年', '否', '否', '一般', '否'],\n",
    "               ['青年', '否', '否', '好', '否'],\n",
    "               ['青年', '是', '否', '好', '是'],\n",
    "               ['青年', '是', '是', '一般', '是'],\n",
    "               ['青年', '否', '否', '一般', '否'],\n",
    "               ['中年', '否', '否', '一般', '否'],\n",
    "               ['中年', '否', '否', '好', '否'],\n",
    "               ['中年', '是', '是', '好', '是'],\n",
    "               ['中年', '否', '是', '非常好', '是'],\n",
    "               ['中年', '否', '是', '非常好', '是'],\n",
    "               ['老年', '否', '是', '非常好', '是'],\n",
    "               ['老年', '否', '是', '好', '是'],\n",
    "               ['老年', '是', '否', '好', '是'],\n",
    "               ['老年', '是', '否', '非常好', '是'],\n",
    "               ['老年', '否', '否', '一般', '否'],\n",
    "               ]\n",
    "    labels = [u'年龄', u'有工作', u'有自己的房子', u'信贷情况', u'类别']\n",
    "    # 返回数据集和每个维度的名称\n",
    "    return datasets, labels"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "datasets, labels = create_data()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "train_data = pd.DataFrame(datasets, columns=labels)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>年龄</th>\n",
       "      <th>有工作</th>\n",
       "      <th>有自己的房子</th>\n",
       "      <th>信贷情况</th>\n",
       "      <th>类别</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>青年</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>一般</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>青年</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>好</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>青年</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>好</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>青年</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>一般</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>青年</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>一般</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>中年</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>一般</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>中年</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>好</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>中年</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>好</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>中年</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>非常好</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>中年</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>非常好</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>老年</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>非常好</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>老年</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>好</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>老年</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>好</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>老年</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>非常好</td>\n",
       "      <td>是</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>老年</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "      <td>一般</td>\n",
       "      <td>否</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    年龄 有工作 有自己的房子 信贷情况 类别\n",
       "0   青年   否      否   一般  否\n",
       "1   青年   否      否    好  否\n",
       "2   青年   是      否    好  是\n",
       "3   青年   是      是   一般  是\n",
       "4   青年   否      否   一般  否\n",
       "5   中年   否      否   一般  否\n",
       "6   中年   否      否    好  否\n",
       "7   中年   是      是    好  是\n",
       "8   中年   否      是  非常好  是\n",
       "9   中年   否      是  非常好  是\n",
       "10  老年   否      是  非常好  是\n",
       "11  老年   否      是    好  是\n",
       "12  老年   是      否    好  是\n",
       "13  老年   是      否  非常好  是\n",
       "14  老年   否      否   一般  否"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "train_data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 熵\n",
    "def calc_ent(datasets):\n",
    "    data_length = len(datasets)\n",
    "    label_count = {}\n",
    "    for i in range(data_length):\n",
    "        label = datasets[i][-1]\n",
    "        if label not in label_count:\n",
    "            label_count[label] = 0\n",
    "        label_count[label] += 1\n",
    "    ent = -sum([(p/data_length)*log(p/data_length, 2) for p in label_count.values()])\n",
    "    return ent\n",
    "\n",
    "# 经验条件熵\n",
    "def cond_ent(datasets, axis=0):\n",
    "    data_length = len(datasets)\n",
    "    feature_sets = {}\n",
    "    for i in range(data_length):\n",
    "        feature = datasets[i][axis]\n",
    "        if feature not in feature_sets:\n",
    "            feature_sets[feature] = []\n",
    "        feature_sets[feature].append(datasets[i])\n",
    "    cond_ent = sum([(len(p)/data_length)*calc_ent(p) for p in feature_sets.values()])\n",
    "    return cond_ent\n",
    "\n",
    "# 信息增益\n",
    "def info_gain(ent, cond_ent):\n",
    "    return ent - cond_ent\n",
    "\n",
    "def info_gain_train(datasets):\n",
    "    count = len(datasets[0]) - 1\n",
    "    ent = calc_ent(datasets)\n",
    "    best_feature = []\n",
    "    for c in range(count):\n",
    "        c_info_gain = info_gain(ent, cond_ent(datasets, axis=c))\n",
    "        best_feature.append((c, c_info_gain))\n",
    "        print('特征({}) - info_gain - {:.3f}'.format(labels[c], c_info_gain))\n",
    "    # 比较大小\n",
    "    best_ = max(best_feature, key=lambda x: x[-1])\n",
    "    return '特征({})的信息增益最大，选择为根节点特征'.format(labels[best_[0]])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "特征(年龄) - info_gain - 0.083\n",
      "特征(有工作) - info_gain - 0.324\n",
      "特征(有自己的房子) - info_gain - 0.420\n",
      "特征(信贷情况) - info_gain - 0.363\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'特征(有自己的房子)的信息增益最大，选择为根节点特征'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "info_gain_train(np.array(datasets))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "利用ID3算法生成决策树，例5.3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 定义节点类 二叉树\n",
    "class Node:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, root=True, label=None, feature_name=None, feature=None):\n",
    "        self.root = root\n",
    "        self.label = label\n",
    "        self.feature_name = feature_name\n",
    "        self.feature = feature\n",
    "        self.tree = {}\n",
    "        self.result = {'label:': self.label, 'feature': self.feature, 'tree': self.tree}\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __repr__(self):\n",
    "        return '{}'.format(self.result)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def add_node(self, val, node):\n",
    "        self.tree[val] = node\n",
    "\n",
    "    def predict(self, features):\n",
    "        if self.root is True:\n",
    "            return self.label\n",
    "        return self.tree[features[self.feature]].predict(features)\n",
    "    \n",
    "class DTree:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, epsilon=0.1):\n",
    "        self.epsilon = epsilon\n",
    "        self._tree = {}\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 熵\n",
    "    @staticmethod\n",
    "    def calc_ent(datasets):\n",
    "        data_length = len(datasets)\n",
    "        label_count = {}\n",
    "        for i in range(data_length):\n",
    "            label = datasets[i][-1]\n",
    "            if label not in label_count:\n",
    "                label_count[label] = 0\n",
    "            label_count[label] += 1\n",
    "        ent = -sum([(p/data_length)*log(p/data_length, 2) for p in label_count.values()])\n",
    "        return ent\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 经验条件熵\n",
    "    def cond_ent(self, datasets, axis=0):\n",
    "        data_length = len(datasets)\n",
    "        feature_sets = {}\n",
    "        for i in range(data_length):\n",
    "            feature = datasets[i][axis]\n",
    "            if feature not in feature_sets:\n",
    "                feature_sets[feature] = []\n",
    "            feature_sets[feature].append(datasets[i])\n",
    "        cond_ent = sum([(len(p)/data_length)*self.calc_ent(p) for p in feature_sets.values()])\n",
    "        return cond_ent\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 信息增益\n",
    "    @staticmethod\n",
    "    def info_gain(ent, cond_ent):\n",
    "        return ent - cond_ent\n",
    "\n",
    "    def info_gain_train(self, datasets):\n",
    "        count = len(datasets[0]) - 1\n",
    "        ent = self.calc_ent(datasets)\n",
    "        best_feature = []\n",
    "        for c in range(count):\n",
    "            c_info_gain = self.info_gain(ent, self.cond_ent(datasets, axis=c))\n",
    "            best_feature.append((c, c_info_gain))\n",
    "        # 比较大小\n",
    "        best_ = max(best_feature, key=lambda x: x[-1])\n",
    "        return best_\n",
    "\n",
    "    def train(self, train_data):\n",
    "        \"\"\"\n",
    "        input:数据集D(DataFrame格式)，特征集A，阈值eta\n",
    "        output:决策树T\n",
    "        \"\"\"\n",
    "        _, y_train, features = train_data.iloc[:, :-1], train_data.iloc[:, -1], train_data.columns[:-1]\n",
    "        # 1,若D中实例属于同一类Ck，则T为单节点树，并将类Ck作为结点的类标记，返回T\n",
    "        if len(y_train.value_counts()) == 1:\n",
    "            return Node(root=True,\n",
    "                        label=y_train.iloc[0])\n",
    "\n",
    "        # 2, 若A为空，则T为单节点树，将D中实例树最大的类Ck作为该节点的类标记，返回T\n",
    "        if len(features) == 0:\n",
    "            return Node(root=True, label=y_train.value_counts().sort_values(ascending=False).index[0])\n",
    "\n",
    "        # 3,计算最大信息增益 同5.1,Ag为信息增益最大的特征\n",
    "        max_feature, max_info_gain = self.info_gain_train(np.array(train_data))\n",
    "        max_feature_name = features[max_feature]\n",
    "\n",
    "        # 4,Ag的信息增益小于阈值eta,则置T为单节点树，并将D中是实例数最大的类Ck作为该节点的类标记，返回T\n",
    "        if max_info_gain < self.epsilon:\n",
    "            return Node(root=True, label=y_train.value_counts().sort_values(ascending=False).index[0])\n",
    "\n",
    "        # 5,构建Ag子集\n",
    "        node_tree = Node(root=False, feature_name=max_feature_name, feature=max_feature)\n",
    "\n",
    "        feature_list = train_data[max_feature_name].value_counts().index\n",
    "        for f in feature_list:\n",
    "            sub_train_df = train_data.loc[train_data[max_feature_name] == f].drop([max_feature_name], axis=1)\n",
    "\n",
    "            # 6, 递归生成树\n",
    "            sub_tree = self.train(sub_train_df)\n",
    "            node_tree.add_node(f, sub_tree)\n",
    "\n",
    "        # pprint.pprint(node_tree.tree)\n",
    "        return node_tree\n",
    "\n",
    "    def fit(self, train_data):\n",
    "        self._tree = self.train(train_data)\n",
    "        return self._tree\n",
    "\n",
    "    def predict(self, X_test):\n",
    "        return self._tree.predict(X_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "datasets, labels = create_data()\n",
    "data_df = pd.DataFrame(datasets, columns=labels)\n",
    "dt = DTree()\n",
    "tree = dt.fit(data_df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'label:': None, 'feature': 2, 'tree': {'否': {'label:': None, 'feature': 1, 'tree': {'否': {'label:': '否', 'feature': None, 'tree': {}}, '是': {'label:': '是', 'feature': None, 'tree': {}}}}, '是': {'label:': '是', 'feature': None, 'tree': {}}}}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tree"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'否'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt.predict(['老年', '否', '否', '一般'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "## sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeClassifier\n",
    "\n",
    "### criterion : string, optional (default=”gini”)\n",
    "The function to measure the quality of a split. Supported criteria are “gini” for the Gini impurity and “entropy” for the information gain."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# data\n",
    "def create_data():\n",
    "    iris = load_iris()\n",
    "    df = pd.DataFrame(iris.data, columns=iris.feature_names)\n",
    "    df['label'] = iris.target\n",
    "    df.columns = ['sepal length', 'sepal width', 'petal length', 'petal width', 'label']\n",
    "    data = np.array(df.iloc[:100, [0, 1, -1]])\n",
    "    # print(data)\n",
    "    return data[:,:2], data[:,-1]\n",
    "\n",
    "X, y = create_data()\n",
    "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier\n",
    "\n",
    "from sklearn.tree import export_graphviz\n",
    "import graphviz"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "DecisionTreeClassifier(class_weight=None, criterion='gini', max_depth=None,\n",
       "            max_features=None, max_leaf_nodes=None,\n",
       "            min_impurity_split=1e-07, min_samples_leaf=1,\n",
       "            min_samples_split=2, min_weight_fraction_leaf=0.0,\n",
       "            presort=False, random_state=None, splitter='best')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "clf = DecisionTreeClassifier()\n",
    "clf.fit(X_train, y_train,)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.93333333333333335"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "clf.score(X_test, y_test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tree_pic = export_graphviz(clf, out_file=\"mytree.pdf\")\n",
    "with open('mytree.pdf') as f:\n",
    "    dot_graph = f.read()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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    "graphviz.Source(dot_graph)"
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   "source": [
    "----"
   ]
  },
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提交于 2022-01-11 23:52 . 统计学习方法

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statistical-learning-method

统计学习方法笔记-基于Python算法实现

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Zihao Guo / 统计学习方法笔记-基于Python算法实现