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LGPL-3.0

ESP32多功能电子负载

项目介绍

ESP32多功能数控电子负载仪是一款迷你便携自带锂电池供电的直流数控电子负载仪和功率测量仪,拥有多种接口,支持数控 CC恒流 CV恒压 CR恒阻 CP恒功率放电和实时电流 电压 功率 温度的测量和显示 

功能简介

1. USB TYPE-C 接口支持程序下载和给设备供电
2. 输入端口 :TYPE-C + XT60 + 2P栅栏式接线端子+2P排针
3  输出端口:TYPE-C + TYPE-A + XT60 + 2P栅栏式接线端子+2P排针
4. ST7789V 1.54寸   240*240 像素 彩色液晶显示屏 显示各种参数 并且显示方向和亮度可调
5. 一个拨动开关控制电池给设备供电   4个微动开关进行模式切换和参数设置
6. 输入电压:0-50V  输入电流:0-20.2A  电子负载模式热设计功率最大:200W
7. 实时 功率管 NTC温度测量 保护 和显示及蜂鸣器提示
8. 锂电池和USB双电源供电   插入USB自动切换供电为USB电源并给锂电池充电
9. 拥有反接 过压 过流 过温  过功率保护和阈值设定 和参数掉电保存

项目属性

  1. 本项目为首次公开 为负熵生之光本人原创CC BY-SA 4.0 开源项目
  2. 立创开源连接:https://oshwhub.com/fj956391150/ESP32-shuo-kong-dian-zi-fu-zai-y
  3. 负熵生之光 2023-8-29

项目进度

1. 2023年6月 完成ESP32多功能数控电子负载仪1.0的 原理图 PCB设计 打样 验证功能和发现BUG及开始编写软件
2. 2023年7月 完成ESP32多功能数控电子负载仪1.1的 原理图 PCB改进 打样 验证功能和解决大部分BUG及编写软件
3. 2023年8月 完成ESP32多功能数控电子负载仪1.2的 原理图 PCB优化 打样 验证功能和解决部分小BUG及完善软件
4. 该项目前前后后一共迭代了3个版本 花费了600多元 进行PCB打样和购买元器件  耗费了3个多月时间和精力最终成型 

设计原理

1. 该项目采用ESP32-S3FN8 作为主控 通过INA226实时采集电压电流参数来控制MCP4726 DAC芯片输出参考电压
2. 恒流运放通过DAC参考电压与电流采样过电流电阻分压进行比较 来控制功率NMOS的VGS电压来控制流过的电流来实现恒流控制
3. CC恒电流控制  通过控制MCP4726 DAC输出参考电压来控制流过功率NMOS的电流来实现恒流控制
4. CP恒功率控制  根据 U*I=W 可以通过软件计算 W/U  = I 来变成恒流控制进而实现恒功率控制
5. CR恒电阻控制  根据 U/R=I 可以通过软件计算 电流的值 来变成恒流控制进而实现恒电阻控制
6. CV恒电压控制  因为一般电源不是理想电压源有内阻不能输出无限大电流 所以就能通过消耗电流的方式来拉低电压实现恒电压的控制
7. 小电流测量 通过ESP32 S3 ADC采集经过精密运放 放大电流流过10R采样电阻的电流分压 来获取uA级的电流信息

功能模式按键

1. 电子负载模式:长按K4键来切换CC CV CR CP模式和设置限时运行时间与截止电压 短按控制参数位选 短按K1 K2进行对应模式的参数设定 短按K3控制是否运行
2. 功率测量模式:自动测量输入到输出的电压电流和功率并绘制曲线图   短按K3控制输出NMOS的开关 长按K4键会把该模式运行时间和累计电量清0 重新开始累计
3. 校准设置模式:长按K4键却换不同的校准设置参数  短按K4键进行参数位选 短按K1 K2进对参数进行减或加 短按K3键进行参数设定或保存  默认设置可恢复默认值
4. 按键功能:长按K1键切换不同模式  短按K1 K2键对参数进行减或加  K3键控制OFF/ON 确认  K4键 短按控制参数位选  长按切换不同次级模式和参数
5. 预留TYPE-C接口的快充协议检测电路 但没时间开发对应的功能程序 因此该功能相关元件可以不焊

电子负载模式

  1. 通过长按K4键来切换CC CV CR CP模式和设置限时运行时间与截止电压  
  2. 通过短按K4键控制对应参数的位选 短按K1 K2进行对应模式的参数设定 短按K3控制模式开关
  3. 电压输入范围: 0V-50V    电流输入范围:0-20.2A    电子负载模式热设计功率最大: 200W
  4. CC恒流模式:电流设定范围: 0-20.2A     电流调整步进: 10A/0.001A     电流控制精度: 0.01A   
  5. CV恒压模式:电压设定范围: 1-50V       电压调整步进: 10V/0.001V     电压控制精度: 0.1V
  6. CR恒阻模式:电阻设定范围: 0.1-999.9R 电阻调整步进: 100/0.001R     电阻控制精度: 1R
  7. CP恒功率模式:功率设定范围:0-200W  功率调整步进: 100/0.001W     功率控制精度: 0.1W
  8. 截至电压模式:VIN输入电压低于截至电压模关闭放电模式  截至电压范围: 0-50V
  9. 限时放电模式:超过限定时间关闭放电模式    放电时间范围: 20s-99h

功率测量模式

1. 通过短按K3键控制输出NMOS的开关 长按K4键会把该模式运行时间和累计电量清0 重新开始累计
2. 电压测量范围: 0V-50V      电压测量精度: 0.01V
3. 大电流测量范围: 0-20.2A   大电流测量精度: 0.01A
4. 小电流测量范围: 0-3mA     小电流测量精度: 0.01mA     因ESP32 ADC太拉100uA以下测量偏差过大
5. 功率测量范围: 0-999W         6. 等效电阻测量范围:  0-99999R
7. 累计电流测量范围:  0-99999Wh
8. 自动测量输入的电压和电流并绘制电压电流曲线图

校准设置模式

1. 通过长按K4键却换不同的校准和设置参数  短按K4键进行参数位选 短按K1 K2进对参数进行减或加 短按K3键进行参数设定或保存
2. 电压校准: 用紧密仪器测量VIN输入的电压值 填入到校准栏 确认无误  短按K3键进行电压的校准和保存    
3. 大电流校准:  通过VIN供电 VOUT输出接恒流负载把测量电流值填入到校准栏 短按K3键进行电流的校准和保存 推荐>=2A的校准电流
4. 小电流校准:  通过VIN供电 VOUT输出接恒流负载把测量的小电流值填入到校准栏 短按K3键进行电流的校准和保存 推荐1mA校准电流
5. 最大电压设置 : 1-60V    通过短按K1 K2键进对电压进行减或加 短按K3键进行保存
6. 最大电流设置 : 0-20.2A 通过短按K1 K2键进对电流进行减或加 短按K3键进行保存
7. 最大功率设置 : 0-300W 通过短按K1 K2键进对功率进行减或加 短按K3键进行保存
8. 屏幕方向设置:通过短按K1 K2键进对屏幕方向参数进行设置 短按K3键进行切换和保存
9. 屏幕背光设置:通过短按K1 K2键进对屏幕背光参数进行设置 短按K3键进行切换和保存
10.恢复默认设置:短按K3键进行恢复上述所有参数的默认值并保存

软件说明

1. 此程序基于Arduino IDE开发  源程序和依赖库及 编译好的烧录文件在附件内 
2. 通过ESP官方工具烧录下载烧录 需要安装esp32 flash_download_tool_3.9.5  调入烧录bin文件  配置对应参数下载重启即可    
3. 通过Arduino IDE编译下载烧录 需要安装esp32 开发板和相关库 及选择对应的芯片参数配置  安装包版本:esp32_package_2.0.11
4. 芯片初次下载程序时 USB如果不会识别 需要要拉低P0引脚(按下K1键)  然后插入USB上电进入强制下载模式 
5. 如果烧录成功后出现 没反应 黑屏  等现象 重点检查硬件焊接和下载参数配置 如果运行中出现异常状况 可重新烧录程序试试
6. 该项目仅为个人DIY项目 没经过专业的评估和测试  可能有隐藏BUG  还不是很完善 谨慎复刻和使用  风险自行承担

硬件装配

1. ESP32多功能电子负载仪主要由:主控PCBA + TFT + 锂电池 + PCB盖板 + PCB转接板 + 散热器 + M2铜柱螺丝组成   默认按200W方案装配
2. 有两套装配方案 100W便携式方案不需要PCB转接板  需要使用4颗15mm长的M3螺丝和金钱豹1U纯铜CPU侧吹散热器 型号:LGA115X1U3CC-B 
3. 200W装配方案   需要使用PCB转接板搭配能压住200W发热的大功率CPU散热器(最好4热管起步)   固定方式看图
4. 主控PCBA 使用普通RF-4材质 4层板  板厚1.6mm  PCB盖板和PCB转接板建议使用1.6mm 的铝基板保证结构刚性  普通RF-4也行
5. TFT使用 1.54寸 240240 ST7789V    屏幕型号:WA54HC048I-10Z   FPC接口  10P 0.5mm间距
6. 锂电池使用604050规格  3.7V 1800mAh的普通锂电池 最好使用能输出2A以上电流的  焊接到主控PCB上
7. M2铜柱螺丝连接件参数:单通铜柱(M2
9+3)x4 + 双通铜柱(M215)x4 + 平头螺丝(M24)x8
8. 散热风扇支持标准12V CPU散热器风扇和线序 注意不要引脚接反  驱动功率12V/0.6A
9. NTC测温推荐使用10K 3950K的引线式NTC 固定到发热的功率NMOS旁以获取实时温度

注意事项

1. 焊接PCB时 功率走线开窗露铜部分必须进行堆锡或埋铜 来减小走线发热和损耗
2. 功率NMOS与散热器连接需要涂抹导热硅脂并紧密贴合确保热量能有效的传递到散热器
3. 注意 功率NMOS  D极与输入输出正极是相连在一起的 如果与散热器相连 整个散热器也是正极 注意不要和电源地短路了
4. 因为功率NMOS是两个直接并联  靠MOS管本身自动均流能力有限  所以必须使用相同型号的NMOS管  具体看原理图备注
5. 当触发输入电压反接或过压保护后会关闭输入保护NMOS  蜂鸣器工作提示  必须移除异常接线 重启设备才能正常工作
6. 输入输出方向不能接反  否则有一定概率会烧小电流采样运放 工作在电子负载模式默认输出端口不输出
7. 元件参数以原理图为准 立创商城没有的元件上淘宝   相关软硬件资料都在附件内   原理图有备注相关信息
8. 此项目为 CC BY-SA 4.0 开源项目 如需大批量商用必需找原作者进行授权
9. 此项目大量使用0402封装元件 手焊难度较大  或者使用嘉立创SMT  项目难度较高复刻量力而行  

实物展示

输入图片说明 输入图片说明 输入图片说明 输入图片说明

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简介

ESP32多功能电子负载仪 一款多功能数控直流电子负载仪 支持数控CC CV CR CP放电和电压 电流 功率 测量显示 拥有多种输入输出接口 自带锂电池供电 展开 收起
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