// A C++ program for Bellman-Ford's single source 
// shortest path algorithm.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
// a structure to represent a weighted edge in graph
struct Edge
{
    int src, dest, weight;
};
 
// a structure to represent a connected, directed and 
// weighted graph
struct Graph
{
    // V-> Number of vertices, E-> Number of edges
    int V, E;
 
    // graph is represented as an array of edges.
    struct Edge* edge;
};
 
// Creates a graph with V vertices and E edges
struct Graph* createGraph(int V, int E)
{
    struct Graph* graph = new Graph;
    graph->V = V;
    graph->E = E;
    graph->edge = new Edge[E];
    return graph;
}
 
// A utility function used to print the solution
void printArr(int dist[], int n)
{
    printf("Vertex   Distance from Source\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        printf("%d\t\t%d\n", i, dist[i]);
}
 
// The main function that finds shortest distances from src to
// all other vertices using Bellman-Ford algorithm.  The function
// also detects negative weight cycle
void BellmanFord(struct Graph* graph, int src)
{
    int V = graph->V;
    int E = graph->E;
    int dist[V];
 
    // Step 1: Initialize distances from src to all other vertices
    // as INFINITE
    for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
        dist[i]   = INT_MAX;
    dist[src] = 0;
 
    // Step 2: Relax all edges |V| - 1 times. A simple shortest 
    // path from src to any other vertex can have at-most |V| - 1 
    // edges
    for (int i = 1; i <= V-1; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < E; j++)
        {
            int u = graph->edge[j].src;
            int v = graph->edge[j].dest;
            int weight = graph->edge[j].weight;
            if (dist[u] != INT_MAX && dist[u] + weight < dist[v])
                dist[v] = dist[u] + weight;
        }
    }
 
    // Step 3: check for negative-weight cycles.  The above step 
    // guarantees shortest distances if graph doesn't contain 
    // negative weight cycle.  If we get a shorter path, then there
    // is a cycle.
    for (int i = 0; i < E; i++)
    {
        int u = graph->edge[i].src;
        int v = graph->edge[i].dest;
        int weight = graph->edge[i].weight;
        if (dist[u] != INT_MAX && dist[u] + weight < dist[v])
            printf("Graph contains negative weight cycle");
    }
 
    printArr(dist, V);
 
    return;
}
 
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
    /* Let us create the graph given in above example */
    int V = 5;  // Number of vertices in graph
    int E = 8;  // Number of edges in graph
    struct Graph* graph = createGraph(V, E);
 
    // add edge 0-1
    graph->edge[0].src = 0;
    graph->edge[0].dest = 1;
    graph->edge[0].weight = -1;
 
    // add edge 0-2
    graph->edge[1].src = 0;
    graph->edge[1].dest = 2;
    graph->edge[1].weight = 4;
 
    // add edge 1-2
    graph->edge[2].src = 1;
    graph->edge[2].dest = 2;
    graph->edge[2].weight = 3;
 
    // add edge 1-3
    graph->edge[3].src = 1;
    graph->edge[3].dest = 3;
    graph->edge[3].weight = 2;
 
    // add edge 1-4
    graph->edge[4].src = 1;
    graph->edge[4].dest = 4;
    graph->edge[4].weight = 2;
 
    // add edge 3-2
    graph->edge[5].src = 3;
    graph->edge[5].dest = 2;
    graph->edge[5].weight = 5;
 
    // add edge 3-1
    graph->edge[6].src = 3;
    graph->edge[6].dest = 1;
    graph->edge[6].weight = 1;
 
    // add edge 4-3
    graph->edge[7].src = 4;
    graph->edge[7].dest = 3;
    graph->edge[7].weight = -3;
 
    BellmanFord(graph, 0);
 
    return 0;
}