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README
Apache-2.0

说明

1、来源:本工程是 OpenHarmony 应用开发文档 的演示工程。

2、目的:旨在把文档内容代码化,方便开发时查询。

3、版本:

v4.1 Release API 11 Release---截止2024.04.11

应用开发导读

入门

快速入门

开发准备

Stage模型: stage-concepts.png

构建第一个ArkTS应用(Stage模型)

开发基础知识

应用程序包基础知识

应用程序包概述

HAP(分entry和feature)、HAR、HSP所有文档链接罗列如下:

1、Module类型

2、编译态包结构-->选择合适的包类型

3、HAP

4、HAR

5、HSP

6、动态import

7、工程管理

8、受2启发:当多包(HAP/HSP)同时引用同一个共享包时,采用HSP替代HAR,可以避免HAR造成的多包间代码和资源的重复拷贝,从而减小应用包大小。---我的理解:当HAR被应用内共享时,外包一层HSP,以避免包体积膨胀和状态无法共享问题。

9、受2启发:HAR和HSP没有XxxAbility,意味着它们不能独立运行,只能依赖HAP。

10、受3启发:因为HAP不支持导出接口和ArkUI组件,给其他模块使用,所以HAP和HAP之间没有依赖关系,但是可以通过UIAbility组件间交互(设备内)进行通信。

11、如果HAR包含HSP发布,第三方无法引用!

应用程序包结构

Stage模型应用程序包结构
AppScope:应用的全局配置信息。由DevEco Studio自动生成,不可更改。
    resources :用于存放应用需要用到的资源文件。编译后会合入到模块(比如“entry”)下面资源目录中,如果两个目录下的存在重名文件,编译打包后只会保留AppScope目录下的资源文件。---stage模型多工程情况下,共有的资源文件放到此目录。
entry:应用的主模块,包含应用的入口界面、入口图标和主功能特性,编译后生成entry类型(module.json5中的“type”字段)的HAP包。每一个应用分发到 >>同一类型<< 的设备上的应用程序包,只能包含唯一一个entry类型的HAP。目录名称可以自定义。
    src > main > ets:用于存放ArkTS源码文件(.ets文件)。编译后会生成.abc文件。
    src > main > ets > entryability:应用/服务的入口。
    src > main > ets > pages:应用/服务包含的页面。
    src > main > resources:用于存放应用/服务所用到的资源文件,如图形、多媒体、字符串、布局文件等。关于资源文件,详见资源文件的分类①。
                    base:默认存在的目录。二级子目录element用于存放字符串、颜色、布尔值等基础元素,media、profile存放媒体、动画、布局等资源文件。
                    en_US:默认存在的目录,设备语言环境是美式英文时,优先匹配此目录下资源。二级子目录element用于存放字符串、颜色、布尔值等基础元素,media、profile存放媒体、动画、布局等资源文件。
                    zh_CN:默认存在的目录,设备语言环境是简体中文时,优先匹配此目录下资源。二级子目录element用于存放字符串、颜色、布尔值等基础元素,media、profile存放媒体、动画、布局等资源文件。
                    en_GB-vertical-car-mdpi:自定义限定词目录示例,由开发者创建
                    rawfile:其他类型文件目录,支持创建多层子目录,子目录名称可以自定义,文件夹内可以自由放置各类资源文件。文件以文件形式保存,不会被集成到resources.index文件中。文件名可自定义。
                    resfile:其他类型文件目录,支持创建多层子目录,子目录名称可以自定义,文件夹内可以自由放置各类资源文件。文件以文件形式保存,不会被集成到resources.index文件中。文件名可自定义。资源会被解压到应用沙箱路径,通过Context属性resourceDir获取到resfile资源目录后,可通过文件路径访问。
feature1:应用的动态特性模块,编译后生成feature类型(module.json5中的“type”字段)的HAP包。一个应用中可以包含0、1或多个feature类型的HAP。
library_static1:静态共享库。编译后会生成一个以.har为后缀的文件,即静态共享包HAR(Harmony Archive)。
library_shared1:动态共享库。编译后会生成一个以.hsp为后缀的文件,即动态共享包HSP(Harmony Shared Package)。实际上,Shared Library编译后除了会生成一个.hsp文件,还会生成一个.har文件。这个.har文件中包含了HSP对外导出的接口,应用中的其他模块需要通过.har文件来引用HSP的功能。为了表述方便,我们通常认为Shared Library编译后生成HSP。
oh_modules:用于存放三方库依赖信息。

①:资源文件的分类

FA模型应用程序包结构

应用程序包开发与使用

HAP
HAR
HSP
动态import(API 11)

应用程序包安装卸载与更新

应用配置文件(Stage模型)

应用配置文件概述(Stage模型)

app.json5配置文件

module.json5配置文件

应用配置文件(FA模型)

资源分类与访问

学习ArkTS语言

初识ArkTS语言

ArkTS语言介绍

从TypeScript到ArkTS的适配指导

UI范式

基本语法

基本语法概述
声明式UI描述
自定义组件
创建自定义组件
装饰器 使用位置 作用 URL
@Entry Page页入口组件 一个页面最多一个此装饰的组件 自定义组件的基本结构
@Component 每个组件 仅装饰struct。使struct具备组件化的能力 自定义组件的基本结构
注:组件专指自定义组件。
页面和自定义组件生命周期
自定义组件的自定义布局
自定义组件冻结功能
@Builder装饰器:自定义构建函数
wrapBuilder:封装全局@Builder(API 11)
@Styles装饰器:定义组件重用样式
@Extend装饰器:定义扩展组件样式
stateStyles:多态样式
@AnimatableExtend装饰器:定义可动画属性
@Require装饰器:校验构造传参(API 11)
装饰器 使用位置 作用 URL
@Builder 封装UI描述的函数 使函数遵循build()函数语法规则,复用UI元素 @Builder装饰器:自定义构建函数
@BuilderParam 组件内成员变量(变量类型必须是@Builder装饰的函数) 父组件传递@Builder装饰的函数给子组件 @BuilderParam装饰器:引用@Builder函数
@Require 组件内成员变量(必须是@Prop或@BuilderParam装饰的变量) 限制@Prop和@BuilderParam装饰的变量必须在构造时传参 @Require装饰器:校验构造传参
@Styles 封装通用属性和通用事件的函数 复用 @Styles装饰器:定义组件重用样式
@Extend 封装属性、事件和自定义全局函数(比如@Styles装饰的全局函数)的全局函数 复用 @Extend装饰器:定义扩展组件样式
@AnimatableExtend 封装属性的全局函数 主要是让 不可动画属性 也能实现动画效果 @AnimatableExtend装饰器:定义可动画属性
函数 使用位置 作用 URL
wrapBuilder(@Builder builder: (...args: Args) => void): WrappedBuilder 封装1~N个全局@Builder构建函数 wrapBuilder:封装全局@Builder
* stateStyles(value: StateStyles): T 通用属性 设置不同状态下样式,类似Android中的selector(选择器) stateStyles:多态样式

注:

1、组件:这里专指自定义组件。
2、属性:属性方法简称。
3、事件:事件方法简称。
4、样式:属性和事件。
5、UI描述:系统组件、属性和事件。
6、* :优先掌握。

状态管理

状态管理概述

arkts-state-management-overview.png

组件状态:

装饰器 使用位置 初始化 组件内同步 组件间同步 父初始化 初始化子 URL
@State 组件内成员变量 本地 Y 取决于搭配的装饰器 无状态、@State、@Prop、@Link、@ObjectLink、@Provide、@Consume、@StorageProp、@StorageLink、@LocalStorageProp、@LocalStorageLink 无状态、@State、@Prop、@Link、@Provide @State装饰器:组件内状态
@Prop 组件内成员变量 父/本地 Y 父装饰器 -> 子@Prop 无状态、@State、@Prop、@Link、@ObjectLink、@Provide、@Consume、@StorageProp、@StorageLink、@LocalStorageProp、@LocalStorageLink 无状态、@State、@Prop、@Link、@Provide @Prop装饰器:父子单向同步
@Link 组件内成员变量 Y 父装饰器 <-> 子@Link @State、@Prop、@Link、@ObjectLink、@Provide、@Consume、@StorageProp、@StorageLink、@LocalStorageProp、@LocalStorageLink 无状态、@State、@Prop、@Link、@Provide @Link装饰器:父子双向同步
@ObjectLink 组件内被@Observed装饰的成员变量 Y 父装饰器 <-> 子@ObjectLink @State、@Link、@ObjectLink、@Provide、@Consume 无状态、@State、@Prop、@Link、@Provide @Link装饰器:父子双向同步
@Provide 组件内成员变量 本地 Y 父@Provide <-> 子@Consume 无状态、@State、@Prop、@Link、@ObjectLink、@Provide、@Consume、@StorageProp、@StorageLink、@LocalStorageProp、@LocalStorageLink @State、@Prop、@Link、@Provide @Provide装饰器和@Consume装饰器:与后代组件双向同步
@Consume 组件内成员变量 @Provide Y 父@Provide <-> 子@Consume @Provide @State、@Link、@Prop、@Provide @Provide装饰器和@Consume装饰器:与后代组件双向同步

应用状态:

装饰器 使用位置 初始化 组件内同步 组件外同步 父初始化 初始化子 URL
@LocalStorageProp 组件内成员变量 本地 Y LocalStorage -> @LocalStorageProp 禁止(只能从LocalStorage中key对应的属性初始化) @State、@Prop、@Link、@Provide @LocalStorageProp
@LocalStorageLink 组件内成员变量 本地 Y LocalStorage <-> @LocalStorageLink 禁止(只能从LocalStorage中key对应的属性初始化) @State、@Prop、@Link、@Provide @LocalStorageLink
@StorageProp 组件内成员变量 本地 Y (Environment -> )AppStorage -> @StorageProp 禁止(只能从AppStorage中key对应的属性初始化) @State、@Prop、@Link、@Provide @StorageProp
@StorageLink 组件内成员变量 本地 Y (PersistentStorage <-> )AppStorage <-> @StorageLink 禁止(只能从AppStorage中key对应的属性初始化) 无状态、@State、@Prop、@Link、@Provide @StorageLink

其它状态:

装饰器 使用位置 作用 URL
@Watch 组件内装饰器装饰的成员变量 状态变量更改通知 @Watch装饰器:状态变量更改通知
$$ 支持$$的组件参数/属性 部分变量和内置组件双向同步① $$语法:内置组件双向同步
@Track class对象的成员变量 class对象属性级更新 @Track装饰器:class对象属性级更新

注:

1、所有(状态装饰器装饰的)状态变量都是组件内私有变量,不支持外部访问。
2、组件:这里专指自定义组件。
3、无状态:常规变量。
4、$$两种用法:1)@Builder中按引用传递参数;2)内置组件双向同步。

PersistentStorage:持久化存储UI状态

Environment:设备环境查询

①中部分是指:当前$$支持基础类型变量、以及@State、@Link和@Prop装饰的变量;内置是指:当前$$支持的组件

管理组件拥有的状态
@State装饰器:组件内状态
@Prop装饰器:父子单向同步
@Link装饰器:父子双向同步
@Provide装饰器和@Consume装饰器:与后代组件双向同步
@Observed装饰器和@ObjectLink装饰器:嵌套类对象属性变化
管理应用拥有的状态
管理应用拥有的状态概述
LocalStorage:页面级UI状态存储
AppStorage:应用全局的UI状态存储
PersistentStorage:持久化存储UI状态
Environment:设备环境查询
其他状态管理
其他状态管理概述
@Watch装饰器:状态变量更改通知
$$语法:内置组件双向同步
@Track装饰器:class对象属性级更新
MVVM模式

arkts-mvvm.png

状态管理优秀实践
状态管理合理使用开发指导

渲染控制

渲染控制概述
if/else:条件渲染
ForEach:循环渲染
LazyForEach:数据懒加载
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