[qemu启动镜像失败]qemu启动自制文件系统镜像失败

参考脚本https://gitee.com/openeuler/RISC-V/blob/master/tools/mkfs-oe.sh 和 https://gitee.com/zxs-un/openEuler-port2riscv64/blob/master/doc/img-build-manual-force-riscv-uboot-extlinux.md ，制作文件系统镜像，执行步骤如下：

##### 1. 创建空文件系统镜像

````
$ truncate -s 10G oe-rv.raw
````

##### 2. 将空镜像映射到qemu中

````
$ qemu-system-riscv64 \
  -nographic -machine virt \
  -smp 8 -m 2G \
  -kernel fw_payload_oe.elf \
  -drive file=openEuler-preview.riscv64.qcow2,format=qcow2,id=hd0 \
  -object rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=rng0 \
  -device virtio-rng-device,rng=rng0 \
  -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 \
  -device virtio-net-device,netdev=usernet \
  -drive file=oe-rv.raw,format=raw,id=hd1 \
  -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd1 \
  -netdev user,id=usernet,hostfwd=tcp::12055-:22 \
  -append 'root=/dev/vda1 rw console=ttyS0 systemd.default_timeout_start_sec=600 selinux=0 highres=off mem=4096M earlycon' \
  -bios none
````

##### 3. 对已映射的空镜像进行分区

```
$ fdisk /dev/vdb
```

````
$ fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcd5292f1

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1        2048 20971519 20969472  10G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd65f9978

Device     Boot   Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1          2048  4196351  4194304   2G 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2       4196352 20971519 16775168   8G 83 Linux
````

格式化分区

````
mkfs.ext2 /dev/vdb1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb2
````

##### 4. 挂载分区创建文件系统目录

````
$ mkdir rootfs
$ mount -t ext4 /dev/vdb2 rootfs

$ mkdir -p rootfs/boot
$ mount -t ext2 /dev/vdb1 rootfs/boot
$ mkdir -p rootfs/{root,home,etc,bin,sbin,lib,lib64,mnt,media,srv,usr,run,var,opt,tmp}

$ mkdir -p rootfs/{dev,proc,sys}
$ mkdir -p rootfs/dev/pts

$ mount -t proc proc rootfs/proc
$ mount -t sysfs sysfs rootfs/sys
$ mount -t devpts pts rootfs/dev/pts
$ mount -o bind /dev rootfs/dev
````

##### 4. 更新yum源并安装软件包

````
$ rpm --root rootfs --initdb
````

修改yum源配置文件/etc/yum.repos.d/oe-rv.repo, 将其配置为obs mainline工程下的standard_riscv64仓库地址,选择这个仓库的原因是里面有构建成功的kernel

````
[obs_standard]
name=obs_standard
baseurl=http://119.3.219.20:82/openEuler:/Mainline:/RISC-V/standard_riscv64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
````

将修改的yum源配置文件复制到文件系统中

````
$ cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d rootfs/etc/yum.repos.d
````

安装软件包到文件系统

````
$ CORE_RPMS="systemd vim coreutils net-tools systemd-udev libssh openssh passwd NetworkManager dnf wget procps-ng dnf-plugins-core kernel"

$ BUILD_TOOLS="rpm-build autoconf make gdb dnf-utils git texinfo gcc gcc-c++ hostname"

$ INSTALL_RPMS="$CORE_RPMS $BUILD_TOOLS"

$ yum install -y --installroot $(pwd)/rootfs $INSTALL_RPMS
````

提示找不到一些包

````
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# yum install -y --installroot $(pwd)/rootfs $INSTALL_RPMS
Unable to detect release version (use '--releasever' to specify release version)
obs_standard                                    2.0 MB/s |  15 MB     00:07    
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:54 ago on Thu Mar 17 03:54:43 2022.
No match for argument: systemd
No match for argument: systemd-udev
No match for argument: NetworkManager
Error: Unable to find a match: systemd systemd-udev NetworkManager
````

还有一些因为依赖包找不到导致无法安装的

````
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# [root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# yum install -y --installroot $(pwd)/rootfs $INSTALL_RPMS --skip-broken --nobest
Unable to detect release version (use '--releasever' to specify release version)
Last metadata expiration check: 0:37:19 ago on Thu Mar 17 03:54:43 2022.
No match for argument: systemd
No match for argument: systemd-udev
No match for argument: NetworkManager
Dependencies resolved.

Problem 1: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0()(64bit) needed by vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libm.so.6()(64bit) needed by vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2()(64bit) needed by vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit) needed by vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 2: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by coreutils-9.0-3.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by coreutils-9.0-3.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by coreutils-9.0-3.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0()(64bit) needed by coreutils-9.0-3.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by coreutils-9.0-3.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides librt.so.1()(64bit) needed by coreutils-9.0-3.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit) needed by coreutils-9.0-3.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides librt.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by coreutils-9.0-3.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 3: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by net-tools-2.0-0.55.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by net-tools-2.0-0.55.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by net-tools-2.0-0.55.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by net-tools-2.0-0.55.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides systemd needed by net-tools-2.0-0.55.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 4: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by libssh-0.9.5-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by libssh-0.9.5-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by libssh-0.9.5-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by libssh-0.9.5-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides librt.so.1()(64bit) needed by libssh-0.9.5-1.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 5: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by openssh-8.2p1-10.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by openssh-8.2p1-10.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by openssh-8.2p1-10.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by openssh-8.2p1-10.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2()(64bit) needed by openssh-8.2p1-10.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by openssh-8.2p1-10.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libutil.so.1()(64bit) needed by openssh-8.2p1-10.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libresolv.so.2()(64bit) needed by openssh-8.2p1-10.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libresolv.so.2(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by openssh-8.2p1-10.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 6: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by passwd-0.80-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by passwd-0.80-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by passwd-0.80-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by passwd-0.80-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0()(64bit) needed by passwd-0.80-7.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by passwd-0.80-7.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 7: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by wget-1.20.3-4.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by wget-1.20.3-4.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by wget-1.20.3-4.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by wget-1.20.3-4.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 8: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by procps-ng-3.3.16-15.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by procps-ng-3.3.16-15.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by procps-ng-3.3.16-15.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by procps-ng-3.3.16-15.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2()(64bit) needed by procps-ng-3.3.16-15.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by procps-ng-3.3.16-15.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libsystemd.so.0()(64bit) needed by procps-ng-3.3.16-15.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides 
  - nothing provides libm.so.6()(64bit) needed by rpm-build-4.15.1-25.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by rpm-build-4.15.1-25.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2()(64bit) needed by rpm-build-4.15.1-25.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl needed by rpm-build-4.15.1-25.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdb-5.3.so()(64bit) needed by rpm-build-4.15.1-25.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides glibc needed by rpm-build-4.15.1-25.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 11: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides perl(strict) needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl(warnings) needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides /usr/bin/perl needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl(File::Basename) needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl(POSIX) needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl(IO::File) needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl(File::Copy) needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl(File::Find) needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl(Errno) needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl(File::stat) needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl(Class::Struct) needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides perl(:VERSION) >= 5.6.0 needed by autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch
 Problem 12: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by make-1:4.3-2.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by make-1:4.3-2.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by make-1:4.3-2.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by make-1:4.3-2.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2()(64bit) needed by make-1:4.3-2.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by make-1:4.3-2.riscv64
 Problem 13: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0()(64bit) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(strict) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides /usr/bin/python3 needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides librt.so.1()(64bit) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.28)(64bit) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides /usr/bin/perl needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(File::Basename) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(lib) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(Getopt::Std) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libsecret-1.so.0()(64bit) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(IPC::Open2) needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(:VERSION) >= 5.8.0 needed by git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 14: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides perl(strict) needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(warnings) needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(vars) needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(Config) needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides /usr/bin/perl needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(File::Basename) needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(DynaLoader) needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(File::Copy) needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(bytes) needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(if) needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(:VERSION) >= 5.6.0 needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(:VERSION) >= 5.0.0 needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(:VERSION) >= 5.4.50 needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides perl(:VERSION) >= 5.7.0 needed by texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 15: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides glibc-devel >= 2.17 needed by gcc-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by gcc-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by gcc-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gcc-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gcc-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libm.so.6()(64bit) needed by gcc-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gcc-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2()(64bit) needed by gcc-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gcc-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 16: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by gcc-c++-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by gcc-c++-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gcc-c++-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gcc-c++-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libm.so.6()(64bit) needed by gcc-c++-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gcc-c++-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2()(64bit) needed by gcc-c++-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gcc-c++-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 17: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by hostname-3.21-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by hostname-3.21-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by hostname-3.21-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by hostname-3.21-2.oe1.riscv64
 Problem 18: package dnf-4.10.0-1.oe1.noarch requires python3-dnf = 4.10.0-1.oe1, but none of the providers can be installed
  - conflicting requests
  - nothing provides /usr/bin/python3 needed by python3-dnf-4.10.0-1.oe1.noarch
  - nothing provides python(abi) = 3.7 needed by python3-dnf-4.10.0-1.oe1.noarch
 Problem 19: package gdb-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64 requires gdb-headless = 11.1-2.oe1, but none of the providers can be installed
  - conflicting requests
  - nothing provides rtld(GNU_HASH) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1()(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0()(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libm.so.6()(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2()(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.27)(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libpython3.7m.so.1.0()(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
  - nothing provides libutil.so.1()(64bit) needed by gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64
================================================================================
 Package             Arch       Version                   Repository       Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 kernel              riscv64    5.10-3.oe1                obs_standard     10 M
Skipping packages with broken dependencies:
 autoconf            noarch     2.71-1.oe1                obs_standard    658 k
 coreutils           riscv64    9.0-3.oe1                 obs_standard    2.7 M
 dnf                 noarch     4.10.0-1.oe1              obs_standard     24 k
 dnf-plugins-core    noarch     4.0.24-3.oe1              obs_standard     13 k
 gcc                 riscv64    10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1     obs_standard     24 M
 gcc-c++             riscv64    10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1     obs_standard    8.6 M
 gdb                 riscv64    11.1-2.oe1                obs_standard    125 k
 gdb-headless        riscv64    11.1-2.oe1                obs_standard    3.2 M
 git                 riscv64    2.33.0-1.oe1              obs_standard    6.0 M
 hostname            riscv64    3.21-2.oe1                obs_standard     25 k
 libssh              riscv64    0.9.5-1.oe1               obs_standard    275 k
 make                riscv64    1:4.3-2                   obs_standard    343 k
 net-tools           riscv64    2.0-0.55.oe1              obs_standard    197 k
 openssh             riscv64    8.2p1-10.oe1              obs_standard    258 k
 passwd              riscv64    0.80-7.oe1                obs_standard     96 k
 procps-ng           riscv64    3.3.16-15.oe1             obs_standard    203 k
 python3-dnf         noarch     4.10.0-1.oe1              obs_standard    426 k
 rpm-build           riscv64    4.15.1-25.oe1             obs_standard     93 k
 texinfo             riscv64    6.7-2.oe1                 obs_standard    739 k
 vim-enhanced        riscv64    2:8.2-7.oe1               obs_standard    1.3 M
 wget                riscv64    1.20.3-4.oe1              obs_standard    643 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install   1 Package
Skip     21 Packages

Total download size: 10 M
Installed size: 22 M
Downloading Packages:
kernel-5.10-3.oe1.riscv64.rpm                   872 kB/s |  10 MB     00:11    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           867 kB/s |  10 MB     00:12     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : kernel-5.10-3.oe1.riscv64                              1/1 
  Verifying        : kernel-5.10-3.oe1.riscv64                              1/1

Installed:
  kernel-5.10-3.oe1.riscv64

Skipped:
  autoconf-2.71-1.oe1.noarch           coreutils-9.0-3.oe1.riscv64             
  dnf-4.10.0-1.oe1.noarch              dnf-plugins-core-4.0.24-3.oe1.noarch    
  gcc-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64    gcc-c++-10.3.1-20220105.6.oe1.riscv64   
  gdb-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64               gdb-headless-11.1-2.oe1.riscv64         
  git-2.33.0-1.oe1.riscv64             hostname-3.21-2.oe1.riscv64             
  libssh-0.9.5-1.oe1.riscv64           make-1:4.3-2.riscv64                    
  net-tools-2.0-0.55.oe1.riscv64       openssh-8.2p1-10.oe1.riscv64            
  passwd-0.80-7.oe1.riscv64            procps-ng-3.3.16-15.oe1.riscv64         
  python3-dnf-4.10.0-1.oe1.noarch      rpm-build-4.15.1-25.oe1.riscv64         
  texinfo-6.7-2.oe1.riscv64            vim-enhanced-2:8.2-7.oe1.riscv64        
  wget-1.20.3-4.oe1.riscv64

Complete!
````

在rootfs/boot目录下可以看到kernel安装成功

````
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# ls rootfs/boot
Image  Image.gz  config-5.10-3.oe1.riscv64  lost+found
````

从obs 其他个人仓库里下载构建成功的systemd, systemd-udev, passwd的rpm包, 执行rpm命令强制安装，安装失败

````
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare download]# rpm -ivh --root=/root/rootfs systemd-248-16.oe1.riscv64.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: systemd-248-16.oe1.riscv64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 0ff13748: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(systemd-248-16.oe1.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127
error: systemd-248-16.oe1.riscv64: install failed
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare download]# rpm -ivh --root=/root/rootfs systemd-udev-248-16.oe1.riscv64.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: systemd-udev-248-16.oe1.riscv64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 0ff13748: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(systemd-udev-248-16.oe1.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127
error: systemd-udev-248-16.oe1.riscv64: install failed
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare download]# rpm -ivh --root=/root/rootfs passwd-0.80-8.oe1.riscv64.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: passwd-0.80-8.oe1.riscv64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 0ff13748: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(passwd-0.80-8.oe1.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127
error: passwd-0.80-8.oe1.riscv64: install failed
````

配置文件系统的用户和主机名称

````
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# echo "root:openEuler12#$" | chpasswd -R $(pwd)/rootfs/
chpasswd: /var/run/passwd.1194: No such file or directory
chpasswd: cannot lock /etc/passwd; try again later.
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# echo openEuler-riscv64 > $(pwd)/rootfs/etc/hostname
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]#
````

##### 5.  extlinux启动引导配置

```
$ mkdir -p /mnt/boot/extlinux
cat > /mnt/boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf << "EOF"
default openEuler-riscv
label   openEuler-riscv
        kernel /Image
        append ro root=/dev/vda2 selinux=0 highres=off earlycon
EOF
```

##### 6. 制作openSBI + uboot 启动引导

构建uboot

````
$ git clone https://gitlab.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot.git
$ cd u-boot
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- qemu-riscv64_smode_defconfig
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- -j $(nproc)
````

构建openSBI + uboot 启动引导

````
$ git clone https://github.com/riscv/opensbi.git
$ cd opensbi
$ make PLATFORM=generic CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- FW_PAYLOAD_PATH=../u-boot/u-boot.bin
````

##### 7. qemu启动新镜像

执行qemu命令启动新镜像，其中fw_payload_uboot.elf是步骤6生成的启动固件

````
qemu-system-riscv64 \
  -nographic -machine virt \
  -smp 8 -m 2G \
  -bios fw_payload_uboot.elf \
  -drive file=oe-rv.raw,format=raw,id=hd0 \
  -object rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=rng0 \
  -device virtio-rng-device,rng=rng0 \
  -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 \
  -device virtio-net-device,netdev=usernet \
  -netdev user,id=usernet,hostfwd=tcp::22222-:22
````

启动后,提示TFTP error

````
Device 0: QEMU VirtIO Block Device
            Type: Hard Disk
            Capacity: 10240.0 MB = 10.0 GB (20971520 x 512)
... is now current device
Scanning virtio 0:1...
libfdt fdt_check_header(): FDT_ERR_BADMAGIC
Scanning disk virtio-blk#1...
Found 3 disks
No EFI system partition
BootOrder not defined
EFI boot manager: Cannot load any image
scanning bus for devices...

Device 0: unknown device
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (5 ms)
Using virtio-net#2 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'boot.scr.uimg'.
Load address: 0x88100000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (1 ms)
Using virtio-net#2 device
TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
Filename 'boot.scr.uimg'.
Load address: 0x84000000
Loading: *
TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
Not retrying...
=> 
````

##### 8. yum源恢复为原来qemu环境中的yum源，安装软件包，并重新启动镜像

将步骤4中的yum源恢复为原qemu环境中的yum源

````
[base]
name=base
baseurl=https://isrc.iscas.ac.cn/mirror/openeuler-sig-riscv/oe-RISCV-repo/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
````

安装软件包到文件系统

执行yum install -y --installroot $(pwd)/rootfs $INSTALL_RPMS

提示如下包安装失败

````
Failed:
  NetworkManager-1:1.16.0-7.riscv64                                             
  at-spi2-core-2.34.0-1.riscv64                                                 
  babeltrace-1.5.6-4.riscv64                                                    
  ca-certificates-2020.2.40-1.noarch                                            
  cronie-1.5.4-5.riscv64                                                        
  dbus-daemon-1:1.12.16-13.riscv64                                              
  filesystem-3.9-3.riscv64                                                      
  findutils-2:4.7.0-4.riscv64                                                   
  fipscheck-1.5.0-7.riscv64                                                     
  fribidi-1.0.5-4.riscv64                                                       
  gamin-0.1.10-37.riscv64                                                       
  gawk-5.0.1-2.riscv64                                                          
  gdb-8.2.50.20181114-8.0.riscv64.oe1.riscv64                                   
  glib-networking-2.58.0-7.riscv64                                              
  glib2-2.62.1-1.riscv64                                                        
  glibc-headers-2.29.9000-8oe1.riscv64                                          
  graphite2-1.3.13-2.riscv64                                                    
  grep-3.4-0.riscv64                                                            
  groff-1.22.4-4.riscv64                                                        
  grubby-8.40-24.riscv64                                                        
  gtk2-2.24.32-7.riscv64                                                        
  gtk3-3.24.1-3.riscv64                                                         
  kmod-25-6.riscv64                                                             
  libXcursor-1.1.15-5.riscv64                                                   
  libXfixes-5.0.3-11.riscv64                                                    
  libcap-2.27-1.riscv64                                                         
  libidn2-2.0.5-8.riscv64                                                       
  libksba-1.3.5-12.riscv64                                                      
  libmpc-1.1.0-3.riscv64                                                        
  libpsl-0.20.2-9.riscv64                                                       
  libseccomp-2.4.3-2.riscv64                                                    
  libsepol-2.9-1.riscv64                                                        
  libutempter-1.1.6-16.riscv64                                                  
  logrotate-3.15.1-2.riscv64                                                    
  lua-5.3.5-4.riscv64                                                           
  man-db-2.8.7-5.riscv64                                                        
  net-tools-2.0-0.54.riscv64                                                    
  newt-0.52.21-3.riscv64                                                        
  openssh-7.8p1-8.riscv64                                                       
  openssl-libs-1:1.1.1d-9.riscv64                                               
  openssl-pkcs11-0.4.10-1.riscv64                                               
  passwd-0.80-7.riscv64                                                         
  perl-CPAN-Meta-2.150010-419.noarch                                            
  perl-CPAN-Meta-Requirements-2.140-419.noarch                                  
  perl-CPAN-Meta-YAML-0.018-420.noarch                                          
  perl-Config-Perl-V-0.30-5.noarch                                              
  perl-Data-Dumper-2.172-3.riscv64                                              
  perl-Getopt-Long-2.50-419.noarch                                              
  perl-JSON-PP-1:4.04-2.noarch                                                  
  perl-Locale-Codes-3.58-2.noarch                                               
  perl-Locale-Maketext-1:1.28-1.noarch                                          
  perl-MIME-Base64-3.15-418.riscv64                                             
  perl-Math-BigInt-1:1.9998.13-5.noarch                                         
  perl-Math-BigInt-FastCalc-0.500.700-4.riscv64                                 
  perl-Math-BigRat-0.2614-2.noarch                                              
  perl-Scalar-List-Utils-3:1.52-2.riscv64                                       
  perl-Socket-4:2.029-2.riscv64                                                 
  perl-Storable-1:3.15-2.riscv64                                                
  perl-Sys-Syslog-0.35-420.riscv64                                              
  perl-Time-HiRes-1.9760-2.riscv64                                              
  perl-Unicode-Collate-1.25-4.riscv64                                           
  perl-Unicode-Normalize-1.26-419.riscv64                                       
  perl-bignum-0.50-4.noarch                                                     
  perl-constant-1.33-421.noarch                                                 
  popt-1.16-17.riscv64                                                          
  publicsuffix-list-20180723-3.noarch                                           
  systemd-243-18.riscv64                                                        
  systemd-udev-243-18.riscv64                                                   
  tar-2:1.30-11.riscv64                                                         
  tcl-1:8.6.8-8.riscv64                                                         
  trousers-0.3.14-3.riscv64                                                     
  unbound-libs-1.7.3-14.riscv64

Error: Transaction failed
````

执行yum install -y --installroot $(pwd)/rootfs $INSTALL_RPMS --skip-broken --nobest

````
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# yum install -y --installroot $(pwd)/rootfs $INSTALL_RPMS --skip-broken --nobest
Last metadata expiration check: 0:27:20 ago on Thu Mar 17 07:12:44 2022.
Package vim-enhanced-2:8.1.450-8.riscv64 is already installed.
Package coreutils-8.31-4.riscv64 is already installed.
Package libssh-0.8.3-7.riscv64 is already installed.
Package dnf-4.2.15-8.noarch is already installed.
Package wget-1.20.3-1.riscv64 is already installed.
Package procps-ng-3.3.16-11.riscv64 is already installed.
Package dnf-plugins-core-4.0.11-5.noarch is already installed.
Package kernel-5.5.19-1.riscv64 is already installed.
Package rpm-build-4.15.1-13.riscv64 is already installed.
Package autoconf-2.69-30.noarch is already installed.
Package make-1:4.2.1-15.riscv64 is already installed.
Package dnf-plugins-core-4.0.11-5.noarch is already installed.
Package git-2.23.0-12.riscv64 is already installed.
Package texinfo-6.6-2.riscv64 is already installed.
Package gcc-9.1.1-5.0.riscv64.oe1.riscv64 is already installed.
Package gcc-c++-9.1.1-5.0.riscv64.oe1.riscv64 is already installed.
Package hostname-3.20-7.riscv64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package            Arch       Version                            Repo     Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 NetworkManager     riscv64    1:1.16.0-7                         base    1.7 M
 gdb                riscv64    8.2.50.20181114-8.0.riscv64.oe1    base    122 k
 net-tools          riscv64    2.0-0.54                           base    201 k
 openssh            riscv64    7.8p1-8                            base    825 k
 passwd             riscv64    0.80-7                             base     95 k
 systemd            riscv64    243-18                             base    3.2 M
 systemd-udev       riscv64    243-18                             base    1.2 M
Installing dependencies:
 ca-certificates    noarch     2020.2.40-1                        base    383 k
 fipscheck          riscv64    1.5.0-7                            base     21 k
 gamin              riscv64    0.1.10-37                          base     62 k
 glib2              riscv64    2.62.1-1                           base    2.5 M
 grep               riscv64    3.4-0                              base    250 k
 gtk2               riscv64    2.24.32-7                          base    3.3 M
 gtk3               riscv64    3.24.1-3                           base    4.2 M
 kmod               riscv64    25-6                               base     76 k
 libXcursor         riscv64    1.1.15-5                           base     25 k
 libXfixes          riscv64    5.0.3-11                           base     16 k
 libcap             riscv64    2.27-1                             base     40 k
 libidn2            riscv64    2.0.5-8                            base     97 k
 libseccomp         riscv64    2.4.3-2                            base     54 k
 newt               riscv64    0.52.21-3                          base     93 k
 openssl-libs       riscv64    1:1.1.1d-9                         base    1.1 M
 popt               riscv64    1.16-17                            base     48 k
Installing weak dependencies:
 openssl-pkcs11     riscv64    0.4.10-1                           base     56 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  24 Packages

Total download size: 19 M
Installed size: 75 M
Downloading Packages: : systemd-243-18.riscv64.rpm             562 kB/s | 3.2 MB     00:05    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           793 kB/s |  19 MB     00:25     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : libXfixes-5.0.3-11.riscv64                            1/24 
  Running scriptlet: grep-3.4-0.riscv64                                    2/24 
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(grep-3.4-0.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package grep
  Installing       : libXcursor-1.1.15-5.riscv64                           3/24 
error: grep-3.4-0.riscv64: install failed

Running scriptlet: popt-1.16-17.riscv64                                  4/24 
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(popt-1.16-17.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package popt
  Installing       : newt-0.52.21-3.riscv64                                5/24 
error: popt-1.16-17.riscv64: install failed

Running scriptlet: ca-certificates-2020.2.40-1.noarch                    6/24 
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(ca-certificates-2020.2.40-1.noarch) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package ca-certificates
  Running scriptlet: openssl-pkcs11-0.4.10-1.riscv64                       7/24 
error: ca-certificates-2020.2.40-1.noarch: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(openssl-pkcs11-0.4.10-1.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package openssl-pkcs11
  Installing       : openssl-libs-1:1.1.1d-9.riscv64                       8/24 
error: openssl-pkcs11-0.4.10-1.riscv64: install failed

Error unpacking rpm package openssl-libs-1:1.1.1d-9.riscv64
  Running scriptlet: fipscheck-1.5.0-7.riscv64                             9/24 
error: unpacking of archive failed on file /etc/pki/tls/ct_log_list.cnf;6232e5f9: cpio: open
error: openssl-libs-1:1.1.1d-9.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(fipscheck-1.5.0-7.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package fipscheck
  Installing       : glib2-2.62.1-1.riscv64                               10/24 
error: fipscheck-1.5.0-7.riscv64: install failed

Running scriptlet: gamin-0.1.10-37.riscv64                              11/24 
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(gamin-0.1.10-37.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package gamin
  Running scriptlet: gtk3-3.24.1-3.riscv64                                12/24 
error: gamin-0.1.10-37.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(gtk3-3.24.1-3.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package gtk3
  Running scriptlet: gtk2-2.24.32-7.riscv64                               13/24 
error: gtk3-3.24.1-3.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(gtk2-2.24.32-7.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package gtk2
  Running scriptlet: libseccomp-2.4.3-2.riscv64                           14/24 
error: gtk2-2.24.32-7.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(libseccomp-2.4.3-2.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package libseccomp
  Running scriptlet: libidn2-2.0.5-8.riscv64                              15/24 
error: libseccomp-2.4.3-2.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(libidn2-2.0.5-8.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package libidn2
  Running scriptlet: libcap-2.27-1.riscv64                                16/24 
error: libidn2-2.0.5-8.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(libcap-2.27-1.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package libcap
  Running scriptlet: systemd-243-18.riscv64                               17/24 
error: libcap-2.27-1.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(systemd-243-18.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package systemd
  Installing       : kmod-25-6.riscv64                                    18/24 
error: systemd-243-18.riscv64: install failed

Running scriptlet: kmod-25-6.riscv64                                    18/24 
  Running scriptlet: systemd-udev-243-18.riscv64                          19/24 
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(systemd-udev-243-18.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package systemd-udev
  Running scriptlet: NetworkManager-1:1.16.0-7.riscv64                    20/24 
error: systemd-udev-243-18.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(NetworkManager-1:1.16.0-7.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package NetworkManager
  Installing       : net-tools-2.0-0.54.riscv64                           21/24 
error: NetworkManager-1:1.16.0-7.riscv64: install failed

Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.54.riscv64                           21/24 
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
warning: %post(net-tools-2.0-0.54.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in POSTIN scriptlet in rpm package net-tools
  Running scriptlet: openssh-7.8p1-8.riscv64                              22/24 
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(openssh-7.8p1-8.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package openssh
  Running scriptlet: passwd-0.80-7.riscv64                                23/24 
error: openssh-7.8p1-8.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(passwd-0.80-7.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package passwd
  Running scriptlet: gdb-8.2.50.20181114-8.0.riscv64.oe1.riscv64          24/24 
error: passwd-0.80-7.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
error: %prein(gdb-8.2.50.20181114-8.0.riscv64.oe1.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in PREIN scriptlet in rpm package gdb
error: gdb-8.2.50.20181114-8.0.riscv64.oe1.riscv64: install failed
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
warning: %triggerin(glibc-common-2.29.9000-8oe1.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in <unknown> scriptlet in rpm package gdb
  Running scriptlet: glib2-2.62.1-1.riscv64                               24/24 
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
warning: %triggerin(glib2-2.62.1-1.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in <unknown> scriptlet in rpm package glib2
error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory
warning: %triggerin(glib2-2.62.1-1.riscv64) scriptlet failed, exit status 127

Error in <unknown> scriptlet in rpm package glib2
  Verifying        : NetworkManager-1:1.16.0-7.riscv64                     1/24 
  Verifying        : ca-certificates-2020.2.40-1.noarch                    2/24 
  Verifying        : fipscheck-1.5.0-7.riscv64                             3/24 
  Verifying        : gamin-0.1.10-37.riscv64                               4/24 
  Verifying        : gdb-8.2.50.20181114-8.0.riscv64.oe1.riscv64           5/24 
  Verifying        : glib2-2.62.1-1.riscv64                                6/24 
  Verifying        : grep-3.4-0.riscv64                                    7/24 
  Verifying        : gtk2-2.24.32-7.riscv64                                8/24 
  Verifying        : gtk3-3.24.1-3.riscv64                                 9/24 
  Verifying        : kmod-25-6.riscv64                                    10/24 
  Verifying        : libXcursor-1.1.15-5.riscv64                          11/24 
  Verifying        : libXfixes-5.0.3-11.riscv64                           12/24 
  Verifying        : libcap-2.27-1.riscv64                                13/24 
  Verifying        : libidn2-2.0.5-8.riscv64                              14/24 
  Verifying        : libseccomp-2.4.3-2.riscv64                           15/24 
  Verifying        : net-tools-2.0-0.54.riscv64                           16/24 
  Verifying        : newt-0.52.21-3.riscv64                               17/24 
  Verifying        : openssh-7.8p1-8.riscv64                              18/24 
  Verifying        : openssl-libs-1:1.1.1d-9.riscv64                      19/24 
  Verifying        : openssl-pkcs11-0.4.10-1.riscv64                      20/24 
  Verifying        : passwd-0.80-7.riscv64                                21/24 
  Verifying        : popt-1.16-17.riscv64                                 22/24 
  Verifying        : systemd-243-18.riscv64                               23/24 
  Verifying        : systemd-udev-243-18.riscv64                          24/24

Installed:
  net-tools-2.0-0.54.riscv64  glib2-2.62.1-1.riscv64     kmod-25-6.riscv64     
  libXcursor-1.1.15-5.riscv64 libXfixes-5.0.3-11.riscv64 newt-0.52.21-3.riscv64

Failed:
  NetworkManager-1:1.16.0-7.riscv64                                             
  ca-certificates-2020.2.40-1.noarch                                            
  fipscheck-1.5.0-7.riscv64                                                     
  gamin-0.1.10-37.riscv64                                                       
  gdb-8.2.50.20181114-8.0.riscv64.oe1.riscv64                                   
  grep-3.4-0.riscv64                                                            
  gtk2-2.24.32-7.riscv64                                                        
  gtk3-3.24.1-3.riscv64                                                         
  libcap-2.27-1.riscv64                                                         
  libidn2-2.0.5-8.riscv64                                                       
  libseccomp-2.4.3-2.riscv64                                                    
  openssh-7.8p1-8.riscv64                                                       
  openssl-libs-1:1.1.1d-9.riscv64                                               
  openssl-pkcs11-0.4.10-1.riscv64                                               
  passwd-0.80-7.riscv64                                                         
  popt-1.16-17.riscv64                                                          
  systemd-243-18.riscv64                                                        
  systemd-udev-243-18.riscv64

Error: Transaction failed
````

查看kernel已安装成功

````
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# ls rootfs/boot
Image  config-5.5.19  lost+found
````

配置文件系统的用户和主机名称,可以配置成功

```
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# echo "root:openEuler12#$" | chpasswd -R $(pwd)/rootfs/
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# echo openEuler-riscv64 > $(pwd)/rootfs/etc/hostname
[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]#
```

配置extlinux

````
$ mkdir -p rootfs/boot/extlinux
$ cat > rootfs/boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf << "EOF"
default openEuler-riscv
label   openEuler-riscv
        kernel /Image
append ro root=/dev/vda2 selinux=0 highres=off earlycon
EOF
````

再次用qemu启动新镜像，提示kernel初始化失败

````
[    9.391092] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[    9.400099] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[    9.414859] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[    9.464842] Segment Routing with IPv6
[    9.465873] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[    9.471917] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[    9.478526] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
[    9.487495] Key type dns_resolver registered
[    9.593917] EXT4-fs (vda2): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem
[    9.599204] EXT4-fs (vda2): write access will be enabled during recovery
[   10.172734] EXT4-fs (vda2): recovery complete
[   10.200150] EXT4-fs (vda2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[   10.201292] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) readonly on device 254:2.
[   10.205564] devtmpfs: mounted
[   10.311279] Freeing unused kernel memory: 228K
[   10.311819] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
[   10.312474] Run /sbin/init as init process
[   10.314585] Run /etc/init as init process
[   10.315319] Run /bin/init as init process
[   10.328255] Run /bin/sh as init process
[   10.328867] Kernel panic - not syncing: No working init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.
[   10.330230] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.5.19 #1
[   10.330799] Call Trace:
[   10.331265] [<ffffffe00003be5e>] walk_stackframe+0x0/0xaa
[   10.331803] [<ffffffe00003c04a>] show_stack+0x2a/0x34
[   10.332254] [<ffffffe000633198>] dump_stack+0x6e/0x88
[   10.332721] [<ffffffe000040c76>] panic+0xe6/0x258
[   10.342178] [<ffffffe000646eb8>] kernel_init+0xe4/0xf0
[   10.345073] [<ffffffe00003ac22>] ret_from_exception+0x0/0xc
[   10.346249] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: No working init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance. ]---
````

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