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README
Apache-2.0

Monoio

一个基于 io_uring/epoll/kqueue 和 thread-per-core 模型 Rust Runtime。

Crates.io MIT/Apache-2 licensed Build Status Codecov English Readme

设计目标

作为一个基于 io_uring/epoll/kqueue 的 Runtime,Monoio 目标是在兼顾平台兼容性的情况下,做最高效、性能最优的 thread-per-core Rust Runtime。

我们的出发点很简单:跨线程任务调度会带来额外开销,且对 Task 本身有 SendSync 约束,导致无法很好地使用 thread local storage。而很多场景并不需要跨线程调度。如 nginx 这种负载均衡代理,我们往往可以以 thread-per-core 的模式编写。这样可以减少跨线程通信的开销,提高性能;也可以尽可能地利用 thread local 来做极低成本的任务间通信。当任务不需要被跨线程调度时,它就没有了实现 SendSync 的约束。另一点是 io_uring 相比 epoll 在性能上有很大提升,我们也希望能够尽可能利用它达到最佳性能。所以基于 io_uring 做一套 thread-per-core 的 Runtime 理论上可以获得一些场景下的最佳性能。

Monoio 就是这样一个 Runtime:它并不像 Tokio 那样通过公平调度保证通用性,它的目标是在特定场景下(thread per core 模型并不适用于所有场景)提供最好的性能。为了性能,Monoio 还开启了 GAT 等一系列的 unstable feature;同时也提供了全新的无拷贝的 IO 抽象。

功能上目前支持了部分网络 IO 和计时器;也支持跨线程异步通信。

我们的基准测试 表明 Monoio 比其他常见的 Rust 运行时具有更好的性能。

快速上手

要使用 Monoio,你需要最新的 nightly 工具链。如果你已经安装了 nightly 工具链,请确保是最新的版本。

在项目中创建 rust-toolchain 文件并在其中写入 nightly 即可强制指定;也可以使用 cargo +nightly 来构建或运行。

同时,如果你想使用 io_uring,你需要确保你当前的内核版本是较新的(5.6+);并且 memlock 是一个合适的配置。如果你的内核版本不满足需求,可以尝试使用 legacy driver 启动(参考这里),当前支持 Linux 和 macOS。

🚧实验性的 windows 系统支持正在开发中。

这是一个非常简单的例子,基于 Monoio 实现一个简单的 echo 服务。运行起来之后你可以通过 nc 127.0.0.1 50002 来连接它。

/// A echo example.
///
/// Run the example and `nc 127.0.0.1 50002` in another shell.
/// All your input will be echoed out.
use monoio::io::{AsyncReadRent, AsyncWriteRentExt};
use monoio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};

#[monoio::main]
async fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:50002").unwrap();
    println!("listening");
    loop {
        let incoming = listener.accept().await;
        match incoming {
            Ok((stream, addr)) => {
                println!("accepted a connection from {}", addr);
                monoio::spawn(echo(stream));
            }
            Err(e) => {
                println!("accepted connection failed: {}", e);
                return;
            }
        }
    }
}

async fn echo(mut stream: TcpStream) -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let mut buf: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(8 * 1024);
    let mut res;
    loop {
        // read
        (res, buf) = stream.read(buf).await;
        if res? == 0 {
            return Ok(());
        }

        // write all
        (res, buf) = stream.write_all(buf).await;
        res?;

        // clear
        buf.clear();
    }
}

在本仓库的 examples 目录中有更多的例子。

限制

  1. 在 Linux 5.6 或更新版本上,Monoio 可以以 uring 或 epoll 作为可选驱动方式,低版本 Linux 上只能以 epoll 方式运行,在 macOS 上可以使用 kqueue。其他平台暂不支持。
  2. Monoio 这种 thread per core 的 runtime 并不适用于任意场景。如果负载非常不均衡,相比公平调度模型的 Tokio 它可能会性能变差,因为 CPU 利用可能不均衡,不能充分利用可用核心。

贡献者

在此表示感谢!

社区

Monoio 是 CloudWego 的子项目,我们致力于建设云原生生态系统。

关联项目

HTTP 框架和 RPC 框架在做了在做了(咕咕咕)。

协议

Monoio 基于 MIT 或 Apache 协议授权。

在开发中我们大量参考了 Tokio, Mio, Tokio-uring 和其他一些项目,在此向这些项目的贡献者们表示感谢。

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Rust async runtime based on io-uring. 展开 收起
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Apache-2.0
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