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README
Apache-2.0

Ceres Learning

githut

0 参考资料

(1)Ceres Solver

(2)Ceres-Solver学习笔记(1)

(3)Ceres-Solver学习笔记(2)

(4)Ceres-Solver学习笔记(3)

(5)Ceres-Solver学习笔记(4)

(6)Ceres-Solver学习笔记(5)

(7)Ceres-Solver学习笔记(6)

(8)Ceres-Solver学习笔记(7)

(9)Ceres-Solver学习笔记(8)

(10)Ceres-Solver学习笔记(9)

1 练练手

1.1 非约束最优化问题

$${\arg \min}_{x} f(x)=\frac{1}{2}(10-x)^{2}\tag{1}$$

步骤

​ (1)编写CostFunction结构体。必须重载运算符(),必须使用模板类型,所有输入参数和输出参数都使用模板类型。

​ (2)构造一个求解非线性最小二乘法的Problem来进行未知数求解。

1.2 曲线拟合

(1)魏尔斯特拉斯函数(Weierstrass function)

$$f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^{N}a^{n}cos(b^{n} \pi x)\tag{2}$$

​ 其中$0<a<1$,$b$为正奇数,且满足$ab>1+\frac{3}{2} \pi$

(2)Weierstrass图像绘制

Weierstrass图像

(3)步骤

​ (3.1)构造数据。设置参数$a=0.3, b=7, n=200$ 。

​ (3.2)编写CostFunction结构体。

​ (3.3)构造一个求解非线性最小二乘法的Problem来进行未知数求解。

(4)总结

​ (4.1)利用ceres无法对非线性函数进行曲线拟合,如魏尔斯特拉斯函数。原因包括两点:函数无法进行微分求解和初始点难以选取。

​ (4.2)此处改为ceres对$y=e^{ax^{2}+b}$函数进行曲线拟合,其中 $a=0.3, b=0.1$ 。该函数图如下所示:

Exp函数图

​ (4.3)可以采用三种方法对问题进行求解,即:在进行Problem构建时,采用AutoDiffCostFunction或NumericDiffCostFunction进行数值微分求解;当无法使用模板来创建costfunctor时,继承SizedCostFunction类来实现Problem。

1.3 单像空间后方交会问题

(1)共线方程

$$\begin{equation} \begin{split} \left{ \begin{array}{} x-x_{0}=- f\frac{a_{1}(X-X_{s})+b_{1}(Y-Y_{s})+c_{1}(Z-Z_{s})}{a_{3}(X-X_{s})+b_{3}(Y-Y_{s})+c_{3}(Z-Z_{s})}, & \\ y-y_{0}=-f \frac{a_{2}(X-X_{s})+b_{2}(Y-Y_{s})+c_{2}(Z-Z_{s})}{a_{3}(X-X_{s})+b_{3}(Y-Y_{s})+c_{3}(Z-Z_{s})} \end{array} \right. \end{split}\tag{3} \end{equation}$$

​ 其中$x_{0}, y_{0}, f$已知,$abc$为旋转矩阵,可以利用$\phi, \omega, \kappa$表示如下:

$$\begin{equation} \begin{split} \left{ \begin{array}{} a_{1}=cos\phi cos\kappa -sin\phi sin\omega sin\kappa, & \\ a_{2}=-cos\phi sin\kappa -sin\phi sin\omega cos\kappa, & \\ a_{3}=-sin\phi cos\omega, & \\ b_{1}=cos\omega sin\kappa, & \\ b_{2}=cos\omega cos\kappa, & \\ b_{3}=-sin\omega, & \\ c_{1}=sin\phi cos\kappa +cos\phi sin\omega sin\kappa, & \c_{2}=-sin\phi sin\kappa +cos\phi sin\omega cos\kappa, & \\ c_{3}=cos\phi cos\omega \end{array} \right. \end{split}\tag{4} \end{equation}$$

(2)步骤

​ (2.1)读入数据,格式为$(x, y, X, Y, Z)$ 。前2维像素坐标—单位$mm$ ,后三维代像坐标—单位$m$ 。

​ (2.2)编写CostFunction结构体。

​ (2.3)构造一个求解非线性最小二乘法的Problem来进行未知数求解。

(3)运行结果

Photogrammetry

1.4 Powell's Quartic Function

(1)数学表达式

$$f(X)=\left(x_1+10x_2\right)^2+5\left(x_3-x_4\right)^2+\left(x_2-2x_3\right)^4+10\left(x_1-x_4\right)^4\tag{5}$$

​ 其中:

​ $\bullet -10\leq x_i\leq 10, i=1,2,3,4$

​ $\bullet f_{min}(X^*)=0$

​ $\bullet x^*_i=0$

(2)Powell's Quartic Function分解

$$\begin{equation} \begin{split} f_{1}(x)&=x_{1}+10x_{2} \\ f_{2}(x)&=\sqrt{5}(x_{3}-x_{4}) \\ f_{3}(x)&=(x_{2}-2x_{3})^{2} \\ f_{4}(x)&=\sqrt{10}(x_{1}-x_{4})^{2} \\ F(x)&=[f_{1}(x), f_{2}(x), f_{3}(x), f_{4}(x)] \end{split} \end{equation}\tag{6}$$

(3)最优化问题数学描述

$${\arg \min}_{x} \frac{1}{2} |F(x)|^{2}\tag{7}$$

(4)步骤

​ (4.1)编写CostFunction结构体。

​ (4.2)构造一个求解非线性最小二乘法的Problem来进行未知数求解。

(5)运行结果

Powell

1.5 Bundle Adjustment

(1)BA数据集

Bundle Adjustment in the Large

​ 备注:此处使用Ladybug Dataset:problem-49-7776-pre.txt.bz2

(2)BA问题

ceres solver学习之bundle adjustment

Bundle Adjustment Projection Error

(3)步骤

​ (3.1)读取problem-49-7776-pre.txt.bz2数据。

​ (3.2)编写CostFunction结构体。

​ (3.3)构造一个求解非线性最小二乘法的Problem来进行未知数求解。

(4)运行结果

Simple Bundle Adjustment Solve Result

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