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README
Apache-2.0

Go语言基础学习 参考http://c.biancheng.net/资料

Go语言又成为Golang,由Google公司开发的一种编程语言。 Go语言为编译型语言,目前 Docker、Go-Ethereum、Thrraform 和 Kubernetes均为Go语言发开。 Go语言编写遵循以下几个步骤: 1、创建编写Go程序文件 2、使用Go build编译Go程序,生成执行文件 3、执行编译后的执行程序。

一个Go语言项目的目录一般包含以下三个子目录: src 目录:放置项目和库的源文件; pkg 目录:放置编译后生成的包/库的归档文件; bin 目录:放置编译后生成的可执行文件。

第三方依赖管理工具

go get github.com/tools/godep

使用: 命令 作用 godep save 将依赖包的信息保存到 Godeps.json 文件中 godep go 使用保存的依赖项运行 go 工具 godep get 下载并安装指定的包 godep path 打印依赖的 GOPATH 路径 godep restore 在 GOPATH 中拉取依赖的版本 godep update 更新选定的包或 go 版本 godep diff 显示当前和以前保存的依赖项集之间的差异 godep version 查看版本信息

go module使用

Go语言 1.13 及以后的版本则不再需要设置环境变量。通过 GO111MODULE 可以开启或关闭 go module 工具。

GO111MODULE=off 禁用 go module,编译时会从 GOPATH 和 vendor 文件夹中查找包。 GO111MODULE=on 启用 go module,编译时会忽略 GOPATH 和 vendor 文件夹,只根据 go.mod下载依赖。 GO111MODULE=auto(默认值),当项目在 GOPATH/src 目录之外,并且项目根目录有 go.mod 文件时,开启 go module。

window下开启GO111MODULE 的命令

set GO111MODULE=on 或者 set GO111MODULE=auto

MacOS 或者 Linux 下开启 GO111MODULE 的命令

export GO111MODULE=on 或者 export GO111MODULE=auto

调试工具delve

安装:

go get -u github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv

使用:

标准库常用包

Go语言标准库常用的包及功能

Go语言标准库包名 功能
bufio 带缓冲的 I/O 操作
bytes 实现字节操作
container 封装堆、列表和环形列表等容器
crypto 加密算法
database 数据库驱动和接口
debug 各种调试文件格式访问及调试功能
encoding 常见算法如 JSON、XML、Base64 等
flag 命令行解析
fmt 格式化操作
go Go语言的词法、语法树、类型等。可通过这个包进行代码信息提取和修改
html HTML 转义及模板系统
image 常见图形格式的访问及生成
io 实现 I/O 原始访问接口及访问封装
math 数学库
net 网络库,支持 Socket、HTTP、邮件、RPC、SMTP 等
os 操作系统平台不依赖平台操作封装
path 兼容各操作系统的路径操作实用函数
plugin Go 1.7 加入的插件系统。支持将代码编译为插件,按需加载
reflect 语言反射支持。可以动态获得代码中的类型信息,获取和修改变量的值
regexp 正则表达式封装
runtime 运行时接口
sort 排序接口
strings 字符串转换、解析及实用函数
time 时间接口
text 文本模板及 Token 词法器

第一个go程序,HelloWorld

项目目录:baseDemoProject1

基础语法学习

项目目录:baseDemoProject2

Go语言的变量声明的标准格式为: var 变量名 变量类型 名字 := 表达式

:=的方式仅能用于 定义变量,同时显式初始化。 不能提供数据类型。 只能用在函数内部。

“_”本身就是一个特殊的标识符,被称为空白标识符,当遇到不用的返回值,而函数被调用时需接受处理,则这时我们使用该标识符 例如:

test,_ :=getName()
func getName() (string,int) {
    return "aaa",0
}

匿名变量不占用内存空间,不会分配内存。匿名变量与匿名变量之间也不会因为多次声明而无法使用。

全局变量声明必须以 var 关键字开头,如果想要在外部包中使用全局变量的首字母必须大写。 Go语言程序中全局变量与局部变量名称可以相同,但是函数体内的局部变量会被优先考虑

常用的转义字符包括: \n:换行符 \r:回车符 \t:tab 键 \u 或 \U:Unicode 字符 \:反斜杠自身

Go语言的基本类型有: bool string int、int8、int16、int32、int64 uint、uint8、uint16、uint32、uint64、uintptr byte // uint8 的别名 rune // int32 的别名 代表一个 Unicode 码 float32、float64 complex64、complex128

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