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GPL-2.0

使用Ocelot实现Api网关

网关

微服务时代,一个项目通常由很多个不同的独立服务组成,但是提供服务只需要一个统一的地址暴露在公网提供访问入口。在.Net Core中我们可以使用Ocelot来搭建网关服务,配置什么的也很简单方便。

Ocelot的功能远非常强大,除了转发请求之外,还可以实现请求聚合、服务发现、认证、鉴权、限流熔断等功能,并内置了负载均衡器,而且这些功能都是只需要简单的配置即可完成。

开发测试服务

创建两个WebApi项目,这里我创建了ApiOneApiTwo,修改一下默认的WeatherForecast.cs,增加一个Source字段,以便于分辨数据来自哪个接口。

代码如下:

namespace ApiOne {
    public class WeatherForecast {
        public string Source { get; set; } = "ApiOne";
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }

        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

        public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int) (TemperatureC / 0.5556);

        public string Summary { get; set; }
    }
}
namespace ApiTwo {
    public class WeatherForecast {
        public string Source { get; set; } = "ApiTwo";
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }

        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

        public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int) (TemperatureC / 0.5556);

        public string Summary { get; set; }
    }
}

添加Swagger

为了方便我们看到添加的接口,可以添加Swagger查看接口文档。

首先NuGet安装Swashbuckle.AspNetCore

配置项目输出xml文档,编辑ApiOne.csproj,添加以下代码:

<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">
    <DocumentationFile>bin\Debug\netcoreapp3.1\Api.xml</DocumentationFile>
</PropertyGroup>

接着在Startup.cs中注册Swagger服务,代码如下:

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) {
    services.AddControllers();

    // 配置Swagger
    services.AddSwaggerGen(options => {
        options.SwaggerDoc("v1",
            new OpenApiInfo {
                Version = "v1",
                Title = "ApiOne",
            }
        );

        // 为 Swagger JSON and UI设置xml文档注释路径
        // 获取应用程序所在目录(绝对,不受工作目录影响,建议采用此方法获取路径)
        var basePath = Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(Program).Assembly.Location);
        var xmlPath = Path.Combine(basePath!, "Api.xml");

        options.IncludeXmlComments(xmlPath);
    });
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env) {
    if (env.IsDevelopment()) {
        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }

    app.UseHttpsRedirection();

    app.UseRouting();

    app.UseAuthorization();

    app.UseSwagger();

    app.UseSwaggerUI(options => options.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "OracleDataApi v1"));

    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => { endpoints.MapControllers(); });
}

现在运行ApiOne之后访问localhost:5000/swagger就可以看到接口文档了~

ApiTwo项目的操作和这个类似,不重复了。

运行测试服务

编辑ApiOneApiTwo的启动配置文件launchSettings.json,修改一下启动的端口。

"ApiOne": {
  "commandName": "Project",
  "launchBrowser": false,
  "launchUrl": "swagger",
  "applicationUrl": "http://localhost:5051",
  "environmentVariables": {
    "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
  }
}
"ApiTwo": {
  "commandName": "Project",
  "launchBrowser": false,
  "launchUrl": "swagger",
  "applicationUrl": "http://localhost:5052",
  "environmentVariables": {
    "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
  }
}

然后启动这俩项目~

添加网关项目

添加一个空的Asp.Net Core项目,我这里命名为ApiGateway,项目目录下添加配置文件ocelot.json,内容如下:

{
  "Routes": [
    {
      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/WeatherForecast",
      "DownstreamScheme": "http",
      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [
        {
          "Host": "localhost",
          "Port": 5051
        }
      ],
      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiOne/WeatherForecast",
      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [
        "Get"
      ]
    },
    {
      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiOne",
      "DownstreamScheme": "http",
      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [
        {
          "Host": "localhost",
          "Port": 5051
        }
      ],
      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiOne",
      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [
        "Get",
        "POST"
      ]
    },
    {
      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiOne/{id}",
      "DownstreamScheme": "http",
      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [
        {
          "Host": "localhost",
          "Port": 5051
        }
      ],
      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiOne/{id}",
      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [
        "Get",
        "Put",
        "Delete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/WeatherForecast",
      "DownstreamScheme": "http",
      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [
        {
          "Host": "localhost",
          "Port": 5052
        }
      ],
      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiTwo/WeatherForecast",
      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [
        "Get"
      ]
    },
    {
      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiTwo",
      "DownstreamScheme": "http",
      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [
        {
          "Host": "localhost",
          "Port": 5052
        }
      ],
      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiTwo",
      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [
        "Get",
        "POST"
      ]
    },
    {
      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiTwo/{id}",
      "DownstreamScheme": "http",
      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [
        {
          "Host": "localhost",
          "Port": 5052
        }
      ],
      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiTwo/{id}",
      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [
        "Get",
        "Put",
        "Delete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "GlobalConfiguration": {
    "BaseUrl": "http://localhost:44335"
  }
}

主要就是将DownstreamPathTemplate模板内容转换为UpstreamPathTemplate模板内容进行接口的访问,同时可以指定HTTP请求的方式。GlobalConfiguration中的BaseUrl就是暴漏出去的网关地址。

配置好ocelot.json之后要在项目中进一步配置。

首先配置Program.cs

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
    Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .ConfigureAppConfiguration((context, builder) =>
            builder.AddJsonFile("ocelot.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true)
        )
        .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>());

继续配置Startup.cs

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) {
    services.AddOcelot();
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app,
    IWebHostEnvironment env) {
    if (env.IsDevelopment()) {
        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }

    app.UseRouting();

    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => {
        endpoints.MapGet("/", async context => {
            await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");
        });
    });

    // 使用 Ocelot
    app.UseOcelot().Wait();
}

完成上述操作之后,运行ApiGateway项目,假设ApiGateway项目的地址是localhost:5000,那么我们要访问ApiOneWeatherForecast功能的地址则是:localhost:5000/ApiOne/WeatherForecast,即ocelot.json文件中配置的地址映射。

其他网关服务

  • ProxyKit
  • 微软新发布的YARP

参考资料

关于Ocelot的更多功能可以查看官方文档和实例~

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