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README
Apache-2.0

DolphinDB JDBC 连接器

DolphinDB 提供 JDBC 的接口的实现,可以让支持 JDBC 接口的客户端程序直接接入 DolphinDB。DolphinDB 的 JDBC 接口基于 DolphinDB Java API 的包实现。

JDBC 接口主要通过 JDBCStatement, JDBCPrepareStatementJDBCCallableStatement 提供直接执行和预编译执行三种方式的接口。

接口 介绍
JDBCStatement 可以正常访问数据库,适用于运行静态 SQL 语句。 Statement 接口不接受参数。
JDBCPrepareStatement 继承了 JDBCStatement。可多次使用 SQL 语句, PreparedStatement 接口运行时接受输入的参数。
JDBCCallableStatement 继承了 JDBCPrepareStatement。支持通过分号(;)分隔多个 SQL 语句,执行时不使用存储过程。

下面通过几个示例程序来展示以上三个对象的使用方法。

使用前,可以通过 maven 引入 JDBC:以 1.30.22.1 版本为例:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.dolphindb</groupId>
    <artifactId>jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>1.30.22.1</version>
</dependency>

1. 连接 DolphinDB

在支持 JDBC 连接的应用中,需要配置如下 JDBC 信息:

  • Driver Class Name: 驱动名称 DolphinDB JDBC 驱动名称是: com.dolphindb.jdbc.Driver

  • url: 连接字符串 连接字符串提供连接数据库的一些关键信息。一个 DolphinDB JDBC url 示例如下:

    jdbc:dolphindb://localhost:8848?user=admin&password=123456

    URL 支持的参数如下:

    参数 作用
    user 数据库用户名。用于连接数据库。
    password 用户密码。用于连接数据库。
    waitingTime 测试连接的超时时间,单位为秒,默认值为3。
    initialScript 传入函数定义脚本。
    allowMultiQueries 是否支持多条语句查询。布尔类型,默认为 false。在一条语句中,允许使用“;”来分隔多条查询。
    databasePath 分布式数据库路径。指定该参数可以在初始化时将分布式表加载到内存。
    tableName 分布式表的表名。指定该参数可以加载指定的分布式表。
    enableHighAvailability 或 highAvailability 高可用参数,布尔类型,默认为 false。指定该参数可以开启或关闭高可用模式。
    sqlStd 枚举类型,用于指定传入 SQL 脚本的解析语法。支持三种解析语法:DolphinDB、Oracle、MySQL,其中默认为 DolphinDB 解析。
    tableAlias 数据库表别名,用于在建立连接时传入一个或多个别名与数据库的组合。用户可通过别名访问数据库表。

    注:

    • 自1.30.21.1版本起,JDBC 支持高可用参数 enableHighAvailability,其作用与 highAvailability 相同。使用时只需设置其中一个参数即可(推荐使用 enableHighAvailability),若配置冲突则会报错。

    • 若需要创建 JDBCCallableStatement 对象,则连接字符串须指定 allowMultiQueries=true

    • 自1.30.22.1版本起,JDBC 支持参数 sqlStd。用户可通过 url 直接传参,见示例1;也可通过 JDBCConnection 构造方法的 Properties 进行传参,见示例2。注意:须使用2.00.10版本以上的 DolphinDB。

      示例1

      通过 url 直接传参。

      Properties prop = new Properties();
      prop.setProperty("user","admin");
       prop.setProperty("password","123456");
      String url = "jdbc:dolphindb://" + HOST + ":" + PORT + "sqlStd:" + SqlStdEnum.MySQL.getName();
      conn = new JDBCConnection(url,prop);

      示例2

      JDBCConnection 构造方法的 Properties 参数支持 sqlStd 属性。用户通过 Properties 设置属性 key 为 sqlStd,值为字符串,即用户通过 SqlStdEnum 指定传入 SQL 脚本的解析语法。使用示例如下:

       Properties prop = new Properties();
       prop.setProperty("user","admin");
      prop.setProperty("password","123456");
      prop.setProperty("sqlStd", SqlStdEnum.DolphinDB.getName());
      String url = "jdbc:dolphindb://"+JDBCTestUtil.HOST+":"+JDBCTestUtil.PORT;
       conn = new JDBCConnection(url,prop);
  • 自1.30.22.2版本起,JDBC 支持参数 tableAlias。用户可通过 url 直接传参,见示例3-示例5;也可通过 JDBCConnection 构造方法的 Properties 进行传参,见示例6。

    示例3 DFS 表使用别名

    1. 使用默认别名。下例中以表名 pt 做为别名。
    tableAlias=dfs://valuedb/pt
    1. 指定别名。别名写在开头,别名与库表路径之间用冒号连接。下例中表的别名为 ttt
    tableAlias=ttt:dfs://valuedb/pt
    1. 同时设置多个库表的别名。值与值之间通过逗号“,”进行分隔。
    tableAlias=t1:dfs://valuedb/pt,dfs://valuedb/dt,dfs://valuedb/Order_tmp,dfs://testValue/nt

    示例4 MVCC 表使用别名

    1. 使用默认别名。下例中以 MVCC 表的名字 mvcc13 做为别名。
    tableAlias=mvcc://work_dir/mvcc13
    1. 指定别名。下例中以 mvcc13 做为别名。
    tableAlias=mvcc3:mvcc://work_dir/mvcc13
    1. linux server 中使用绝对路径指定别名。下例中使用 “/// ”表示绝对路径,表的别名为 mvcc2
    tableAlias=mvcc2:mvcc:///home/username/Adolphindb/2.00.6/server/work_dir/mvcc12;
    1. linux server 中使用相对路径指定别名。下例中使用“//” 表示相对路径,表的别名为 mvcc3
    tableAlias=mvcc3:mvcc://work_dir/mvcc13
    1. windows server 中指定别名。下例中表的别名为 mvcc14
    tableAlias=mvcc14:mvcc://C://DolphinDB/Data1/db12/mvcc14
    
    tableAlias=mvcc14:mvcc://C:\\DolphinDB\\Data1\\db12\\mvcc14;

    示例5 共享内存表使用别名

    指定别名。下例中以 tb8 做为表的别名。

    tableAlias=tb8:memTb2

    示例6 通过 Properties 指定别名

    下例中指定表的别名为 t1

    Properties info = new Properties();
    info.put("tableAlias","t1:dfs://valuedb/pt");
  • 自1.30.22.2版本起,JDBC 的高可用参数 highAvailabilitySites 支持通过逗号“,”分隔输入值。

    示例7 多个值之间通过逗号“,”分割(推荐写法)

    highAvailabilitySites=192.168.1.111:8841,192.168.1.111:8842,192.168.1.111:8843,192.168.1.111:8844

    示例8 多个值之间通过空格分割(不推荐)

    highAvailabilitySites=192.168.1.111:8841 192.168.1.111:8842 192.168.1.111:8843 192.168.1.111:8844

2. 内存表的增删改查

使用 Java API 将 demo 需要的模板表保存到磁盘。在 demo 中通过 loadTable 可以快速创建内存表。请注意,变量名及表名不可与 DolphinDB 的关键字同名。脚本代码如下:

public static boolean CreateTable(String database, String tableName, String host, int port) {
    boolean success = false;
    DBConnection db = null;
    try {
        String sb = "bool = [1b, 0b];\n" +
            "char = [97c,'A'];\n" +
            "short = [122h, 123h];\n" +
            "int = [21, 22];\n" +
            "long = [22l, 23l];\n" +
            "float  = [2.1f, 2.2f];\n" +
            "double = [2.1, 2.2];\n" +
            "string= [`Hello, `world];\n" +
            "date = [2013.06.13, 2013.06.14];\n" +
            "month = [2016.06M, 2016.07M];\n" +
            "time = [13:30:10.008, 13:30:10.009];\n" +
            "minute = [13:30m, 13:31m];\n" +
            "second = [13:30:10, 13:30:11];\n" +
            "datetime = [2012.06.13 13:30:10, 2012.06.13 13:30:10];\n" +
            "timestamp = [2012.06.13 13:30:10.008, 2012.06.13 13:30:10.009];\n" +
            "nanotime = [13:30:10.008007006, 13:30:10.008007007];\n" +
            "nanotimestamp = [2012.06.13 13:30:10.008007006, 2012.06.13 13:30:10.008007007];\n" +
            "tb1= table(bool,char,short,int,long,float,double,string,date,month,time,minute,second,datetime,timestamp,nanotime,nanotimestamp);\n" +
            "db=database(\"" + database + "\");\n" +
            "saveTable(db, tb1, `" + tableName + ");\n";
        db = new DBConnection();
        db.connect(host, port);
        db.run(sb);
        success = true;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        success = false;
    } finally {
        if (db != null)
            db.close();
        return success;
    }
}

2.1 内存表新增记录

通过 JDBC 接口对内存表的操作主要是通过 prepareStatement 预置 sql 模板,并通过 set 写入参数,最后通过 executeUpdate 函数填充参数并执行语句。

public static void InMemmoryAddTest(String database, String tableName) {
    try {
        Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);
        conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL_WITHLOGIN);

        JDBCStatement stm = (JDBCStatement) conn.createStatement();
        stm.execute("memTable = loadTable('" + database + "',\"" + tableName + "\")");
        // SQL insert 语句
        stmt = conn.prepareStatement("insert into memTable values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)");
        stmt.setBoolean(1, true);
        stmt.setByte(2, (byte) 98);
        stmt.setShort(3, (short) 112);
        stmt.setInt(4, 21);
        stmt.setLong(5, 22l);
        stmt.setFloat(6, 2.1f);
        stmt.setDouble(7, 2.1);
        stmt.setString(8, "hello");
        stmt.setDate(9, Date.valueOf(LocalDate.of(2013, 06, 13)));
        stmt.setObject(10, new BasicMonth(YearMonth.of(2016, 06)));
        stmt.setObject(11, Time.valueOf("13:30:10"));
        stmt.setObject(12, LocalTime.of(13, 30));
        stmt.setObject(13, LocalTime.of(13, 30, 10));
        stmt.setObject(14, LocalDateTime.of(2012, 06, 13, 13, 30, 10));
        stmt.setObject(15, LocalDateTime.of(2012, 06, 13, 13, 30, 10, 8000000));
        stmt.setObject(16, LocalTime.of(13, 30, 10, 8007006));
        stmt.setObject(17, LocalDateTime.of(2012, 06, 13, 13, 30, 10, 8007006));
        stmt.executeUpdate();

        // 加载数据库中的表格
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from memTable");
        printData(rs);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        try {
            if (stmt != null)
                stmt.close();
        } catch (SQLException se2) {
        }
        try {
            if (conn != null)
                conn.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            se.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2.2 删除内存表中数据

需要删除内存表中数据,需在以下脚本的 "?" 处填相应的的删除条件。

public static void InMemoryDeleteTest(String database, String tableName){
    try {
        Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);
        conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL_WITHLOGIN);
        JDBCStatement stm = (JDBCStatement)conn.createStatement();
        stm.execute("memTable = loadTable('" + database + "',\"" + tableName + "\")");
        // SQL delete 语句
        stmt = conn.prepareStatement("delete from memTable where char = ?");
        stmt.setByte(1, (byte)'A');
        stmt.executeUpdate();
        // 读取表格检查是否删除
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from memTable");
        System.out.println("==========InMemoryDeleteTest======================");
        printData(rs);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        try {
            if (stmt != null)
                stmt.close();
        } catch (SQLException se2) {
        }
        try {
            if (conn != null)
                conn.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            se.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2.3 内存表的更改

public static void InMemoryUpdateTest(String database, String tableName){
    try {
        Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);
        conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL_WITHLOGIN);
        JDBCStatement stm = (JDBCStatement)conn.createStatement();
        stm.execute("memTable = loadTable('" + database + "',\"" + tableName + "\")");
        // SQL update 语句
        stmt = conn.prepareStatement("update memTable set bool = 0b where char = 97c");
        stmt.executeUpdate();
        // 读取表格检查是否更新
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from memTable where char=97c");
        printData(rs);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally
    {
        try {
            if (stmt != null)
                stmt.close();
        } catch (SQLException se2) {
        }
        try {
            if (conn != null)
                conn.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            se.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3. 分布式表的新增和查询

DolphinDB 支持分布式数据表。本例子演示通过 JDBC 来进行分布式表的新增和查询。要操作分布式表,连接的时候需在 URL 中加入 databasePathgetConnection() 时会预先加载分区表的元数据。

示例如下:

jdbc:dolphindb://localhost:8848?databasePath=dfs://valuedb

3.1 创建分区表

使用 Java API 执行创建分区表的语句,以创建示例所需的分区数据库。示例中使用了 VALUE 方式进行数据分区。需要了解其他分区方式,请点击 DolphinDB 数据库分区教程

public static boolean CreateValueTable(String database, String tableName, String host, String port) {
    boolean success = false;
    DBConnection db = null;
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("login(\"admin\",\"123456\")\n");
    sb.append("n=3000\n");
    sb.append("month=take(2000.01M..2019.05M, n)\n");
    sb.append("x=take(1..1000, n)\n");
    sb.append("t=table(month, x)\n");
    sb.append("if(existsDatabase(\"" + database + "\"))\n" +
              "dropDatabase(\"" + database + "\")\n");
    sb.append("db=database(\"" + database + "\", VALUE, 2000.01M..2019.05M)\n");
    sb.append("pt = db.createPartitionedTable(t, `" + tableName + ", `month)\n");
    sb.append("pt.append!(t)\n");
    db = new DBConnection();
    try {
        db.connect(host, Integer.parseInt(port));
        db.run(sb.toString());
        success = true;
    } catch (NumberFormatException | IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        success = false;
    } finally {
        if (db != null)
            db.close();
        return success;
    }
}

3.2 分区表内容的增加和查询

public static void DFSAddTest(String database, String tableName) {
    try {
        Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);

        // dfs 下会预先 load table
        conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL_WITHLOGIN);
        JDBCStatement stm = (JDBCStatement) conn.createStatement();
        stm.execute("dfsTable = loadTable('" + database + "',\"" + tableName + "\")");
        // SQL insert 语句
        stmt = conn.prepareStatement("insert into dfsTable values(?,?)");
        stmt.setObject(1, new BasicMonth(YearMonth.of(2016, 06)));
        stmt.setInt(2, 3);
        stmt.executeUpdate();
        // 读取表格检查是否新增数据
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select count(*) from loadTable(\"" + database + "\", `"+ tableName +")");
        printData(rs);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        try {
            if (stmt != null)
                stmt.close();
        } catch (SQLException se2) {
        }
        try {
            if (conn != null)
                conn.close();
        } catch (SQLException se) {
            se.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

参考及附录

  • 在 JDBC 接口中,可以使用 execute 方法执行所有的 DolphinDB SQL 语句,具体语法参考 DolphinDB SQL 语法
  • JDBC 中 executeUpdate(sql) 返回 SQL 语句更新的记录数,而在 DolphinDB JDBC 连接器中 executeUpdate(sql) 不支持返回 delete, update 和调用 append 的语句所影响的记录数。
  • 由于 DolphinDB 不支持更高精度的 BigDecimal 类型,故 DolphinDB JDBC 连接器将 BigDecimal 类型转换为 DOUBLE 类型。
  • 下载 示例所有代码。
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1
https://gitee.com/dolphindb/jdbc.git
git@gitee.com:dolphindb/jdbc.git
dolphindb
jdbc
jdbc
master

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