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Apache-2.0

koa-ts-micro-service-cli

Node 微服务轻量级脚手架

NodeJS在I/O密集型应用中所表现的突出能力使得越来越多的开发者青睐。如今越来越多的应用涉及到的都是I/O方面的业务,故而NodeJS在性能和学习成本方面展现了很大优势。在微服务架构的席卷下,甚至好多大型应用会采用“NodeJS+其他开发语言”这种多语言开发模式进行开发。所以“NodeJS微服务开发”是很有必要的。

框架选型

先前了解到node有一微服务框架名为seneca,于是尝试一番,由于其插件和本身的维护都比较旧,用法也很麻烦。最终由于其日志功能、数据库支持、与PM2的搭配、与redis的搭配等方面都不尽如人意,固放弃。

遂了解到有一款较为完善的微服务框架Moleculer,看了官方文档感觉很复杂,学习成本较高,于是想要按自己的理解写一个轻量级的较为简单的脚手架。

微服务的核心是:主服务和各个微服务之间的通信问题,涉及到发布订阅功能。在Moleculer框架指导下,了解到有很多插件能够解决,比如:TCPNATSRedisMQTTAMQPKafka等,通过查阅,TCP方案可以直接使用Node内置net模块的tcp功能进行封装,而Redis是在服务中必用的缓存模块,其自带的发布订阅功能的API也很简单。所以这两种方案都能用。Redis可以直接使用ioredis模块,无需封装。

了解到,如果使用redis方案的话,若所有微服务均在同一台服务器,那么只使用一个redis服务,那么不易实现多端口的微服务方案,且若在不同服务器的话,如果某个微服务没有使用redis缓存功能,那么只使用redis的发布订阅功能就显得很浪费。所以这里果断采用TCP方案,自己封装一个发布订阅模式。

主要依赖\技术栈

  • TypeScript:使用TS方便函数和参数的类型检测
  • Koa2:一种以AOP(面向切面编程)的web开发框架,主要思路为洋葱模型和中间件架构。这款框架自己较为熟悉,用于主服务。
  • tcp-micro-service:个人开发的一款用于微服务的TCP发布订阅通信工具,GIT地址
  • PM2:强大的Nodejs应用部署器(先前自己项目使用pkg模块进行打包后再进行部署,在linux下需要使用nohub命令,在win下需要生成nohub.vbs脚本进行执行,而在微服务框架下,打包多个应用后各自运行不便于集中管理,所以还是直接使用pm2)

架构

名称 技术模式/框架 说明
网关/负载均衡 Nginx 对前后端的沟通进行统一的管理
配置中心 service-config服务(内置) 所有服务的配置统一管理,各服务会定期pull各自相应的配置参数到缓存中(配置中心初步使用yaml文件进行配置,各服务也暂用yaml文件进行缓存,后期可更改为数据库和redis)
传输器 tcp-micro-service 多个微服务节点之间进行沟通,采用发布订阅模式
注册中心/中央消息转发器 service-register服务(内置) 对所有微服务配置进行管理,服务必须注册登记才能使用,主服务接口请求时候进行client,只在第一次请求时client
微服务 net/tcp 创建各种单一职责和接口分离模块(插件),各微服务可分布式部署到不同服务器

内置服务/功能

功能 服务/框架 端口
数据库 Mysql
数据模型/实体
缓存库 Redis(这里使用redis而不用其他库,因为redis便于后期管理)
日志 log4js,配合PM2插件输出到文件

配置文件

yaml配置文件阅读方便,支持多种类型(字符串、数值、布尔值、null、时间戳、数组),可注释,故而用途广泛,比json和ini等好太多。
Nodejs读写yaml需要用到yaml库。

import YAML from 'yaml'
// 读取
const file = fs.readFileSync('./config.yaml', 'utf8')
const yamlStr = YAML.parse(file)
console.log(yamlStr)
// 写入
const options = {a:1, b:2}
fs.writeFileSync('config.yaml', YAML.stringify(options))

启动

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