1 Star 0 Fork 0

呛水滴鱼 / netty-nio

加入 Gitee
与超过 1200万 开发者一起发现、参与优秀开源项目,私有仓库也完全免费 :)
免费加入
克隆/下载
贡献代码
同步代码
取消
提示: 由于 Git 不支持空文件夾,创建文件夹后会生成空的 .keep 文件
Loading...
README
Apache-2.0

Java的I/O模型

java在JDK中提供了三种I/O模型,一类是最原始也是我们用得最多最熟悉的阻塞I/O模型BIO,使用InputStream和OutputStream进行读写操作。 alt 第二种是jdk1.4之后的NIO,相比起BIO在性能上无疑是一个巨大的提升,NIO的应用场所主要是在网络上,因为相比起CPU,内存,硬盘的处理速度,网络差了太多太多,所以在开发网络应用时,使用BIO模型,处理器大多数的时候是在等待网络读写完毕,这无疑是对性能的极大浪费。NIO允许在网络读写期间,让处理器非阻塞的处理其他事情。 alt 这里初学者很容易把这个与多线程的读写混为一谈,首先NIO和BIO都是多线程并行操作的,但是系统创建线程的代价也是非常高的,这也是为什么使用线程的地方都会优先考虑使用线程池。当网络请求并发量大网络又不给力时,线程池的大多数线程都处于了等待网络io的阻塞状态,最后超出线程池的限制之后,服务任然会变得不可用。NIO的思想是,使用一部分线程专门的网络请求,连接成功后再用另外一部分线程监听网络读写,读写完毕之后再经行处理(一个线程可以监听N个),这样并发多的时候任然可以保证服务器接受请求正常。

AIO是在对NIO的一种改进,NIO在处理网络请求时是需要专门的线程去轮询监听网络读写是否完毕,AIO采用的是异步非阻塞的处理方法,如果熟悉nodejs的同学对于这个名词会非常的熟悉,AIO采用的处理方式和nodejs基本一致,是以回调函数的形式经行处理的。把网络读写完之后的操作以回调的形式传入,等网络读写完毕之后会自动执行这些代码。 alt

BIO 阻塞I/O模型

一个客服端对应一个服务端线程,代码编写简单,程序逻辑也简单。 循环调用serverSocket.accept()方法,一旦有新的连接建立就新建一个线程处理它。

/**
 * 阻塞的io
 */
public class BioServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        int port = 8080;
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
        System.out.println("服务启动端口:" + port);

        try {
            Socket socket = null;
            while (true) {
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                new Thread(new BioServerHandler(socket)).start();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            serverSocket.close();
            System.out.println("服务停止");
        }

    }
}

客服端请求处理器 BioServerHandler.java

public class BioServerHandler implements Runnable {

    private Socket socket;

    public BioServerHandler(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
            BufferedReader in = null;
            PrintWriter out = null;
            try {
                in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                        this.socket.getInputStream()));
                out = new PrintWriter(this.socket.getOutputStream(), true);
                while (true) {
                    String body = in.readLine();
                    if (body == null)
                        break;
                    System.out.println("服务器收到客服端数据:" + body);
                    String res = "客服端你好!收到的数据为{" + body + "}";
                    out.println(res);
                }

            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

NIO 非阻塞I/O模型

相比BIO的处理逻辑,NIO处理起来要复杂得多。 首先需要新建一个Selector多路复用器,然后在Selector上注册服务端的SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT事件,这其实和BIO中的serverSocket.accept()类似 一个是注册给Selector,然后去循环检查。一个是自己手动循环调用。

/**
 * 非阻塞的io
 */
public class NioServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        int port = 8080;

        Selector selector = Selector.open();
        ServerSocketChannel socketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        //设置非阻塞
        socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        //server绑定端口号
        socketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
        //注册accept事件
        socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

        System.out.println("服务器启动端口:" + port);

        NioServerHandler nioServerHandler = new NioServerHandler(selector);
        //处理请求
        while (true){
            nioServerHandler.requestHandler();
        }
    }
}

requestHandler方法中,第一行是设置处理的超时时间。然后把注册到selector上的channel循环遍历出来查看状态(其实在没有连接时,只会有一个),前边给ServerSocketChannel注册了 SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT事件,那么key.isAcceptable()的key对应的也一定是ServerSocketChannel,然后把接受的请求SocketChannel在挨个注册到selector上,然后的key.isReadable()就代表着网络I/O有数据了,在经行其他相应的操作。

NioServerHandler.java

public class NioServerHandler {
    private Selector selector;

    public NioServerHandler(Selector selector) {
        this.selector = selector;
    }

    /**
     * 处理请求
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void requestHandler() throws IOException {
        //1秒超时
        selector.select(1000);
        Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
        Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();

        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
            iterator.remove();
            handlerKey(selector, key);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 处理 selectionKeys
     * @param selector
     * @param key
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static void handlerKey(Selector selector, SelectionKey key) throws IOException {


        if(key.isValid()){

            if(key.isAcceptable()){
                //接受事件 肯定是服务端的 ServerSocketChannel
                ServerSocketChannel channel = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
                //相当于接受一个Socket
                SocketChannel acceptChannel = channel.accept();
                // 设置非阻塞
                acceptChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                //注册到 selector 上
                acceptChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            }

            if(key.isReadable()){
                //可读事件肯定是 Socket
                SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                // 读取请求数据到 byteBuffer
                int read = channel.read(byteBuffer);
                if(read > 0){
                    byteBuffer.flip();
                    String body = new String(byteBuffer.array(), "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("服务器收到请求:"+body);
                    //响应数据
                    byte[] bytes = ("客服端你好!收到的数据为{" + body + "}").getBytes("UTF-8");
                    ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
                    writeBuffer.put(bytes);
                    writeBuffer.flip();
                    channel.write(writeBuffer);

                    /*这种方式写不到客服端
                    ByteBuffer wrap = ByteBuffer.wrap(("客服端你好!收到的数据为{" + body + "}").getBytes("UTF-8"));
                    wrap.flip();
                    channel.write(wrap);*/

                }else {
                    key.channel();
                    channel.close();
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

AIO 异步非阻塞I/O模型

异步非阻塞的I/O就基本和node的编写方法非常相近了,也是基于回调来进行操作的!

首先创建一个AsynchronousServerSocketChannel对象,绑定端口,然后在accept方法中传自己和请求的处理操作。这里为什么要传递自己呢,因为AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.accept是异步的,执行该方法后并不会阻塞,它就相当于BIO中ServerSocket.accept方法,前者非阻塞,后者阻塞。

/**
 * 异步非阻塞的IO
 */
public class AioServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        int port = 8080;

        AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));

        AioServer server = new AioServer();

        serverSocketChannel.accept(server, new AioServerRequestHandler(serverSocketChannel));
        System.out.println("服务器启动端口:" + port);
        Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }
}

请求处理器AioServerRequestHandler实现了一个接口CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, AioServer>,它有两个泛型,第一个参数是这个处理器处理的数据类型是什么类型,第二个是服务器本身,上边说了AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.accept是非阻塞的,在回调中再次调用AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.accept即代表可以继续接收请求。CompletionHandler接口有很多方法,JDK中接口方法可以有默认实现,所以可以选择性的重写一些方法来实现自己需要的功能。

public class AioServerRequestHandler implements CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, AioServer> {

    private AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;

    public AioServerRequestHandler(AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel) {
        this.serverSocketChannel = serverSocketChannel;
    }

    @Override
    public void completed(AsynchronousSocketChannel socketChannel, AioServer attachment) {
        //这个方法相当于是异步的 accept
        serverSocketChannel.accept(attachment,this);

        ByteBuffer allocate = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);

        // 这里的read是异步回调方式,类似于node 中的 read(buffer,buffer,callback)的形式
        // 其他的read方法最终都会阻塞在这个方法里头,所以使用这种异步回调的方式
        socketChannel.read(allocate, allocate, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
            @Override
            public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                try {
                    //读取数据
                    String body = new String(attachment.array(), "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("服务器收到请求:"+body);

                    //响应数据
                    byte[] bytes = ("客服端你好!收到的数据为{" + body + "}").getBytes("UTF-8");
                    ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
                    writeBuffer.put(bytes);
                    writeBuffer.flip();
                    socketChannel.write(writeBuffer);
                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                try {
                    socketChannel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                exc.printStackTrace();
                System.exit(1);
            }
        });

    }

    @Override
    public void failed(Throwable exc, AioServer attachment) {
        try {
            serverSocketChannel.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        exc.printStackTrace();
        System.exit(1);
    }
}

客户端代码

/**
 * 使用buff类缓冲流,直接使用流时会导致阻塞卡死
 */
public class SocketClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int port = 8080;
        Socket socket = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        PrintWriter out = null;
        try {
            socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", port);
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    socket.getInputStream()));
            out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
            out.println("你好服务器");
            System.out.println("已经向服务器发送数据");
            String resp = in.readLine();
            System.out.println("接受服务器数据 : " + resp);

            socket.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

源码地址

Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004 http://www.apache.org/licenses/ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 1. Definitions. "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License. "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity. "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License. "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files. "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types. "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below). "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof. "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution." "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work. 2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form. 3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. 4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions: You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License. You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License. 5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions. 6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file. 7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License. 8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages. 9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives. Copyright 2018 呛水滴鱼 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

简介

Java NIO和Netty学习项目 展开 收起
Java
Apache-2.0
取消

发行版

暂无发行版

贡献者

全部

近期动态

加载更多
不能加载更多了
Java
1
https://gitee.com/qsdy/netty-nio.git
git@gitee.com:qsdy/netty-nio.git
qsdy
netty-nio
netty-nio
master

搜索帮助