# abap-cheat-sheets **Repository Path**: wardpeng/abap-cheat-sheets ## Basic Information - **Project Name**: abap-cheat-sheets - **Description**: abap-cheat-sheets - **Primary Language**: Unknown - **License**: Apache-2.0 - **Default Branch**: main - **Homepage**: None - **GVP Project**: No ## Statistics - **Stars**: 0 - **Forks**: 0 - **Created**: 2023-02-15 - **Last Updated**: 2023-02-15 ## Categories & Tags **Categories**: Uncategorized **Tags**: None ## README
ABAP Keyword Documentation

ABAP Cheat Sheets

Explore ABAP syntax in a nutshell & executable examples

How to Use ยท Cheat Sheets ยท Examples



[![REUSE status](https://api.reuse.software/badge/github.com/SAP-samples/abap-cheat-sheets)](https://api.reuse.software/info/github.com/SAP-samples/abap-cheat-sheets) ABAP cheat sheets[^1] ... - provide a **collection of information on selected ABAP topics** in a nutshell for your reference. - focus on **ABAP syntax**. - include **code snippets**. - are supported by easy-to-consume **demonstration examples** that you can import into your [SAP BTP ABAP environment](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm?file=abensap_btp_abap_env_glosry.htm) or on-premise ABAP system using [abapGit](https://abapgit.org/) to run and check out ABAP syntax in action in simple contexts. - are enriched by links to glossary entries and chapters of the **ABAP Keyword Documentation** (the *F1 help*) for you to deep dive into the respective ABAP topics and get more comprehensive information.
๐Ÿ’ก Note
- Since the ABAP cheat sheets provide information in a nutshell, they do not claim to be fully comprehensive as far as the described syntax and concepts are concerned. If you need more details, you can always consult the ABAP Keyword Documentation, for example, by choosing `F1` on a keyword in your code, or by searching directly using the online or the system-internal version. - Unless otherwise stated in the cheat sheets and examples, the content of this repository are relevant for these ABAP language versions: - [ABAP for Cloud Development](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_for_sap_cloud_glosry.htm): Restricted ABAP language scope for developments in the [SAP BTP ABAP environment](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abensap_btp_abap_env_glosry.htm) โ†’ [Online version of the documentation](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm) - [Standard ABAP](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abenstandard_abap_glosry.htm): Unrestricted ABAP language scope, for example, for developments in an on-premise ABAP system โ†’ [Online version of the documentation (latest version)](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap.htm) - Check the [Known Issues](#-known-issues) and [Disclaimer](#%EF%B8%8F-disclaimer). - The cheat sheets provide links to glossary entries and topics in the ABAP Keyword Documentation. Note that in most case, these links refer to the ABAP for Cloud Development version.

## ๐Ÿ—๏ธ How to Use 1. **ABAP syntax info**: Get info in a nutshell on ABAP syntax and concepts related to various ABAP topics in the [ABAP cheat sheets](#-abap-cheat-sheets-overview). 2. **Demo examples**: Import the ABAP development objects of this repository into your system using [abapGit](https://abapgit.org/) as described [here](#-getting-started-with-the-examples) and run the demo classes by choosing `F9` in the [ABAP Development Tools (ADT)](https://tools.eu1.hana.ondemand.com/) for checking out the ABAP syntax in action. ## ๐Ÿ“ ABAP Cheat Sheets Overview | Cheat Sheet | Topics Covered | Demo Example | | ------------- | ------------- | ----- | |[Working with Internal Tables](01_Internal_Tables.md)| Creating, filling, reading from, sorting, modifying internal tables | [zcl_demo_abap_internal_tables](./src/zcl_demo_abap_internal_tables.clas.abap) | |[Working with Structures](02_Structures.md)| Creating structures and structured types, variants of structures, accessing components of structures, filling structures, clearing structures, structures in use in the context of tables | [zcl_demo_abap_structures](./src/zcl_demo_abap_structures.clas.abap) | |[ABAP SQL in Use](03_ABAP_SQL.md)| Reading from database tables using `SELECT`, changing data in database tables using `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `MODIFY` and `DELETE` | [zcl_demo_abap_sql](./src/zcl_demo_abap_sql.clas.abap) | |[ABAP Object Orientation](04_ABAP_Object_Orientation.md)| Working with objects and components, concepts like inheritance, interfaces, and more | [zcl_demo_abap_objects](./src/zcl_demo_abap_objects.clas.abap) | |[Working with Constructor Expressions](05_Constructor_Expressions.md)| Operators `VALUE`, `CORRESPONDING`, `NEW`, `CONV`, `EXACT`, `REF`, `CAST`, `COND`, `SWITCH`, `FILTER`, `REDUCE`, iteration expressions with `FOR`, `LET` expressions | [zcl_demo_abap_constructor_expr](./src/zcl_demo_abap_constructor_expr.clas.abap) | |[Dynamic Programming](06_Dynamic_Programming.md)| Touches on field symbols and data references as supporting elements for dynamic programming, dynamic ABAP syntax components, runtime type services (RTTS), i. e. runtime type identification (RTTI) and runtime type creation (RTTC) | [zcl_demo_abap_dynamic_prog](./src/zcl_demo_abap_dynamic_prog.clas.abap) | |[String Processing](07_String_Processing.md)| Creating strings and assigning values, chaining strings, string templates, concatenating, splitting, modifying strings, searching and replacing, regular expressions | [zcl_demo_abap_string_proc](./src/zcl_demo_abap_string_proc.clas.abap) | |[ABAP for RAP: Entity Manipulation Language (ABAP EML)](08_EML_ABAP_for_RAP.md)| Setting EML in the context of RAP, standard (create, read, update, delete) and non-standard operations (actions) | | |[Excursion Down to Bits and Bytes](09_Bits_and_Bytes.md)|Touches on the technical background of data types and data objects|-| |[ABAP SQL: Working with Hierarchies](10_ABAP_SQL_Hierarchies.md)|Summarizes the functions ABAP SQL offers together with ABAP CDS for working with hierarchical data that is stored in database tables|-| |[ABAP SQL: Grouping Internal Tables](11_ABAP_SQL_Grouping_Internal_Tables.md)|Touches on the `GROUP BY` clause in ABAP SQL|[zcl_demo_abap_sql_group_by](./src/zcl_demo_abap_sql_group_by.clas.abap)| |[A Glimpse on AMDP](12_AMDP.md)|Touches on ABAP Managed Database Procedures (AMDP): AMDP Procedures and AMDP Functions (including CDS Table Functions)|[zcl_demo_abap_amdp](./src/zcl_demo_abap_amdp.clas.abap)| |[Program Flow Logic](13_Program_Flow_Logic.md)|Deals with control structures (`IF`, `CASE`), loops (`DO`, `WHILE`) and exception handling|[zcl_demo_abap_prog_flow_logic](./src/zcl_demo_abap_prog_flow_logic.clas.abap) ## ๐ŸŽฌ Getting Started with the Examples The executable examples are designed to be imported into the SAP BTP ABAP environment, but they are basically suitable for both on-premise systems and the SAP BTP ABAP environment (hence there are no ABAP reports included). Therefore, check the information in the following collapsible sections for your system environment and perform the required steps.
1) General info
- Some **DDIC artifacts**, such as database tables, are part of the repository. They are used by the examples to ensure self-contained examples. All artifacts must be imported for all examples to work. - All examples are designed to **display some output in the ADT console**. Once successfully imported, you can **run** the examples in ADT by choosing `F9` to display the output in the ADT console. - The examples **include descriptions and comments** in the code to provide explanations and set the context.
2a) SAP BTP ABAP environment
**Prerequisites** - [x] You have access to an SAP BTP ABAP Environment instance (see [here](https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/04/sap-cloud-platform-abap-environment) for additional information). - [x] You have downloaded and installed the ABAP Development Tools (ADT). Make sure that you are using the latest version, as indicated on the [installation page](https://tools.hana.ondemand.com/#abap). - [x] Before importing the code, you have performed a system-wide search for classes named `ZCL_DEMO_ABAP*`, for example, so that you do not run into errors when you try to import the code. If someone has already imported the content into the system, you can simply check out that imported version and proceed to the step *3) Run the code*. - [x] You have created an ABAP cloud project in ADT that allows you to access your SAP BTP ABAP Environment instance (see [here](https://help.sap.com/viewer/5371047f1273405bb46725a417f95433/Cloud/en-US/99cc54393e4c4e77a5b7f05567d4d14c.html) for more information). Your login language is English. - [x] You have installed the [abapGit](https://github.com/abapGit/eclipse.abapgit.org) plug-in for ADT from the [update site](http://eclipse.abapgit.org/updatesite/). **Import Code** Use the abapGit plug-in to install the ABAP Cheat Sheets by carrying out the following steps: 1. In your ABAP cloud project, create a package, for example, `ZABAP_CHEAT_SHEETS` as the target package. It is recommended that you assign the package to a transport request that is suitable for demo content. 2. Add the package to the *Favorite Packages* in the *Project Explorer* view in ADT. 3. To add the abapGit Repositories view to the ABAP perspective, choose `Window` โ†’ `Show View` โ†’ `Other...` from the menu bar and choose `abapGit Repositories`. 4. In the abapGit Repositories view, click the `+` icon in the upper right corner of the ADT tab to link a new abapGit repository.
![ADT](./files/abapGit_Repositories.png) 5. The *Link abapGit Repository* popup appears. Enter the following URL: ``` https://github.com/SAP-samples/abap-cheat-sheets.git ``` 6. Choose `Next`. 7. On the *Branch and Package Selection* screen, enter the name of the created package (for example, `ZABAP_CHEAT_SHEETS`) in the `Package` field. 8. Choose `Next`. 9. On the *Select Transport Request* screen, select the created transport request that is suitable for the demo content and choose `Finish` to link the Git repository to your ABAP cloud project. If the created package is already assigned to a transport request for the demo content, and a message appears that an object is already locked in a transport request, choose `Finish`, too. 10. In the *abapGit Repositories* view, filter for your package. The repository appears in the *abapGit Repositories* view with the status Linked. 11. Right-click on the new abapGit repository and choose `Pull...` to start the cloning of the repository contents. 12. On the *Branch and Package Selection* screen, choose `Next`. 13. If the *Locally Modified Object* screen is displayed, select the objects (for example, the package to automatically select all artifacts) from the list and choose `Next`. 14. On the next screen, select a transport request and choose `Finish`. Same as above, if an *object already locked* message is displayed, choose `Finish` as well. The status in the *abapGit Repositories* view changes to Pull running.... Note that the pull run may take several minutes. 15. Once the cloning is complete, the status changes to `Pulled Successfully`. You may need to refresh the `abapGit Repositories` view to see the progress of the import. To do this, choose the `Refresh` icon in the upper right corner of the view. 16. Refresh your project tree. For example, in ADT, right-click the package and choose `Refresh` or `F5`. The package should contain all the artifacts from the GitHub repository. 17. Make sure that all artifacts are active. To activate all inactive development objects, choose the `Activate all inactive ABAP development objects` button from the menu (or choose `CTRL+Shift+F3`).
2b) Application Server ABAP On-Premise
**Prerequisites** - [x] It is assumed that you are running the latest [ABAP release](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abennews-75.htm). The content has also been tested with release 7.56. Note that the RAP examples require at least ABAP version 7.56. - [x] Before importing the code, you have performed a system-wide search for classes named `ZCL_DEMO_ABAP*`, for example, to avoid errors when you try to import the code. If someone has already imported the content into the system, you can simply check out that imported version and proceed to the step *3) Run the code*. - [x] You have downloaded and installed the ABAP Development Tools (ADT). Make sure that you are using the latest version, as indicated on the [installation page](https://tools.hana.ondemand.com/#abap). - [x] You have created an ABAP project in ADT that allows you to access your application server as mentioned above. Your login language is English. - [x] You have downloaded and installed the standalone version of the abapGit report. Make sure you are using the latest version, as indicated on the [installation page](https://docs.abapgit.org/). You can create a report, for example, `zabapgit_standalone`, and copy and paste [this code](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/abapGit/build/main/zabapgit_standalone.prog.abap) into the program. **Import Code** Use the standalone version of the abapGit report to import the demo examples of the ABAP cheat sheets by performing the following steps: 1. In your ABAP project, create a package, such as `TEST_ABAP_CHEAT_SHEETS` as a target package suitable for demo content (for example, by using `LOCAL` as the software component). 2. Add the package to the *Favorite Packages* in the *Project Explorer* view in ADT. 3. Run the standalone version of the abapGit report. 4. Choose the `New Online` button. If the button is not available, for example, if another repository is already open, choose the `Repository List` button. 5. On the *New Online Repository* screen, make the following entries: - `Git Repository URL`: ``` https://github.com/SAP-samples/abap-cheat-sheets.git ``` - `Package`: Your demo package, for example, `TEST_ABAP_CHEAT_SHEETS` 6. Leave the other fields unchanged and choose `Create Online Repo`. 7. The *Repository* screen displays the available ABAP artifacts to be imported into your ABAP system. 8. Choose the `Pull` button. The import of the artifacts is triggered. This may take several minutes. 9. If the `Inactive Objects` popup is displayed, select all artifacts and choose `Continue` (โœ”๏ธ). 10. When the cloning is complete, refresh your project tree. For example, in ADT, right-click on the package and choose `Refresh` or `F5`. The package should contain all artifacts from the GitHub repository. 11. Make sure that all artifacts are active. To activate all inactive development objects, choose the `Activate all inactive ABAP development objects` button from the (or choose `CTRL+Shift+F3`).
3) Run the code
- Open the package you created containing the imported ABAP artifacts in the ABAP Development Tools (ADT). - Open one of the ABAP cheat sheet example classes listed in the [ABAP Cheat Sheets Overview](#-abap-cheat-sheets-overview) section, for example, `zcl_demo_abap_string_proc`. The classes are located in the `Source Code Library` โ†’ `Classes` folder. - Choose `F9` to run the class. Alternatively, choose `Run` โ†’ `Run As` โ†’ `2 ABAP Application (Console)` from the menu. - Check the console output. > **๐Ÿ’ก Note**
>- Check the notes on the context and the ABAP syntax used that are included as comments in the class. >- Due to the amount of output in the console, the examples include numbers (e.g. 1) ..., 2) ..., 3) ...) that represent the header of eaxh example code section. Also, in most cases, the variable name is displayed in the console. Therefore, to find the relevant output in the console more easily and quickly, simply search the console for the number (e.g. search for `3)` for the particular output) or variable name (`CTRL+F` in the console), or use breakpoints in the code to check variables in the debugger. >- You may want to clear the console by right-clicking in the console and choosing `Clear` before running another demo class to avoid confusing the output of multiple classes.

## โšก Known Issues - Only one user on the system can import this repository because all object names must be globally unique. If you get an error that the objects already exist when you try to import, search the system for classes named `ZCL_DEMO_ABAP*`. Someone has already imported the content into the system and you can simply check out that imported version. - Since the repository contains self-contained examples, i.e. they work with demo database tables included in the repository (note that these tables are populated during method executions), all demo artifacts must be imported for all examples to work. - When importing into an on-premise system, note the following: The demos cover ABAP syntax regardless of the ABAP release to avoid scattering information and to get the information in one go. Therefore, there may be syntax that is not yet available in the ABAP version of your on-premise system. In this case, you may want to comment out the affected code sections and/or ignore the affected artifacts if an activation fails. Note that the RAP examples in particular require at least ABAP version 7.56. - Regarding possible code check warnings, e.g. for the many strings in the code, not using an `ORDER BY` clause, or messages regarding using `SELECT *`, the code deliberately avoids pragmas and pseudo comments in order to keep the code simple and to focus on the available ABAP syntax. See also the [Disclaimer](#%EF%B8%8F-disclaimer). ## ๐Ÿ›ˆ Further Information - For the system-internal version of the ABAP Keyword Documentation in your - ... **on-premise system**: Access the documentation in the SAP GUI via the transactions `ABAPDOCU` (opens the documentation directly) and `ABAPHELP` (opens an input field with which you can search the documentation content, for example, you can search for a keyword such as `SELECT`). Or, of course, choose `F1` on a keyword in your code. If you are in the SAP GUI (e.g. in `SE80`), the system-internal version opens. If you are in ADT, the documentation opens in the *ABAP Language Help* view. - ... **SAP BTP ABAP environment**: In ADT, the documentation is in the *ABAP Language Help* view, where you can also search. If you choose `F1` on a keyword in your code, the documentation opens there. - Links to the online version of the ABAP Keyword Documentation for: - **Standard ABAP**: Unrestricted ABAP language scope, e.g. for developments in an on-premise ABAP system โ†’ [Online version of the documentation (latest version)](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap.htm). To access the online documentation for a specific ABAP version, e.g. 7.54, you can select the version from the drop-down list [here](https://help.sap.com/docs/ABAP?locale=en-US) (*latest* is preselected). The *ABAP* link under *Development* will take you to the documentation of choice. - **ABAP for Cloud Development**: Restricted ABAP language scope for developments in the SAP BTP ABAP environment โ†’ [Online version of the documentation](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/index.htm) - Regarding demonstration examples of the ABAP Keyword Documentation in your on-premise system: Have you ever checked out the package `SABAPDEMOS`? This package contains all the examples used in the ABAP Keyword Documentation. To get the context, program names, etc., see the [example page](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_latest_index_htm/latest/en-US/index.htm?file=abenabap_examples.htm) (also available in the system-internal SAP GUI version as a node in the topic tree), which summarizes the executable examples. Of course, you can also find the example topics in the context of the individual ABAP Keyword Documentation topic. The example topics are marked with a โš™๏ธ icon: ![](./files/example_topics.png) - [This blog](https://blogs.sap.com/2021/04/28/video-tutorials-on-how-to-use-the-abap-keyword-documentation-abap-f1-help/) features videos about the ABAP Keyword Documentation in the [SAP Help Portal](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4ckF1XkfG8), [SAP GUI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsX-085MlD8), and [ADT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNGEYFpWwh0). ## โš ๏ธ Disclaimer The code examples presented in this repository are only syntax examples and are not intended for direct use in a production system environment. The code examples are primarily intended to provide a better explanation and visualization of the syntax and semantics of ABAP statements and not to solve concrete programming tasks. For production application programs, a dedicated solution should therefore always be worked out for each individual case. SAP does not guarantee either the correctness or the completeness of the code. In addition, SAP takes no legal responsibility or liability for possible errors or their consequences, which occur through the use of the example programs. ## ๐Ÿ“Ÿ How to Obtain Support Please do not create pull requests. If you like to address issues or suggestions, please create an issue. However, this project is provided "as-is": there is no guarantee that raised issues will be answered or addressed in future releases. ## ๐Ÿ“œ License Copyright (c) 2022 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. This project is licensed under the Apache Software License, version 2.0 except as noted otherwise in the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file. [^1]: "A written [...] aid (such as a sheet of notes) that can be referred to for help in understanding or remembering something complex" (Definition for "cheat sheet" in Merriam-Webster Dictionary).