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This will download external prebuilt toolchain, and build linux kernel, device tree, ramdisk, and opensbi with linux kernel payload for Nuclei xl-spike which can emulate Nuclei UX600 SoC.
It can also build linux kernel, rootfs ramdisk, opensbi and freeloader for Nuclei UX600 SoC FPGA bitstream running in Nuclei HummingBird FPGA Board.
The rootfs used in this SDK is initramfs format.
Note: This is a special version of Nuclei Linux SDK.
- The kernel configuration and buildroot configuration are optimized to generate smaller image size.
- freeloader in version will contain opensbi, uboot, kernel, rootfs and dtb binaries, so you when you build freeloader, and downloaded it into onboard flash, then you will be able to boot linux without SD card
- The freeloader linker script is modified, the linker script flash size changed from 4MB to 8MB.
- If you want to compile a normal version of freeloader, just follow Build Freeloader, you will need to replace the onboard MCU-Flash(U24) to >= 8MB
- When you are going to replace the onboard MCU Flash, please choose a compatiable one and also need to be supported by Nuclei OpenOCD.
- If you want to compile a 4MB version of freeloader, which you can put it into current board flash, you can just follow Build 4MB Freeloader to achieve it.
build-essential git autotools-dev make cmake texinfo bison minicom flex liblz4-tool libgmp-dev libmpfr-dev libmpc-dev gawk libz-dev libssl-dev device-tree-compiler libncursesw5-dev libncursesw5Install the software dependencies required by this SDK using command:
sudo apt-get install build-essential git autotools-dev cmake texinfo bison minicom flex liblz4-tool \
libgmp-dev libmpfr-dev libmpc-dev gawk libz-dev libssl-dev device-tree-compiler libncursesw5-dev libncursesw5
Download prebuilt 64bit openocd tool from Nuclei Development Tools,
and extract it into your PC, and then setup PATH using this command:
# Make sure you changed /path/to/openocd/bin to the real path of your PC
export PATH=/path/to/openocd/bin:$PATH
# Check path is set correctly
which openocd
Checkout this repository and checkout dev_nuclei_flash branch using git.
git clone -b dev_nuclei_flash https://github.com/Nuclei-Software/nuclei-linux-sdkgit clone -b dev_nuclei_flash https://gitee.com/Nuclei-Software/nuclei-linux-sdkThen you will need to checkout all of the linked submodules using:
cd nuclei-linux-sdk
git submodule update --recursive --init
To make sure you have checked out clean source code, you need to run git status command,
and get expected output as below:
On branch dev_nuclei_flash
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/dev_nuclei_flash'.
nothing to commit, working tree clean
If you have trouble in get clean working tree, you can try command
git submodule update --recursive --init again, you might need to
retry several times depending on your network access speed.
This will take some time and require around 2GB of disk space. Some modules may fail because certain dependencies don't have the best git hosting. The only solution is to wait and try again later (or ask someone for a copy of that source repository).
Update source code if there are new commits in this repo.
Assume currently you are in dev_nuclei_flash branch, and the working tree is clean.
Then you run the following command to update this repo:
# Pull lastest source code and rebase your local commits onto it
git pull --rebase origin dev_nuclei_flash
# Update git submodules
git submodule update
# Check workspace status to see whether it is clean
git status
You can choose different core configuration by modify the CORE ?= ux600 line in Makefile.
We support two configurations for CORE:
ux600: rv64imac core configuration without FPU.ux600fd: rv64imafdc core configuration with FPU.Please modify the Makefile to your correct core configuration before build any source code.
Note: xl_spike tool should be installed and added into PATH in advance.
Contact with our sales via email contact@nucleisys.com to get xl-spike tools.
If you have run make bootimages command before, please make sure you run make presim to prepare
build environment for running linux in simulation.
When toolchain steps are finished, then, you can build buildroot, linux and opensbi,
and run opensbi with linux payload on xlspike by running make sim.
Here is sample output running in xl_spike:
xl_spike --isa=rv64imac /home/hqfang/workspace/software/nuclei-linux-sdk/work/opensbi/platform/nuclei/ux600/firmware/fw_payload.elf
rv64 file
call xl_spike_t construct function
warning: tohost and fromhost symbols not in ELF; can't communicate with target
UART:
UART: OpenSBI v0.7-81-g4378320
UART: ____ _____ ____ _____
UART: / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _|
UART: | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
UART: | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | |
UART: | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
UART: \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
UART: | |
UART: |_|
UART:
UART: Platform Name : Nuclei UX600
UART: Platform Features : timer,mfdeleg
UART: Platform HART Count : 1
UART: Boot HART ID : 0
UART: Boot HART ISA : rv64imacsu
UART: BOOT HART Features : pmp,scounteren,mcounteren,time
UART: BOOT HART PMP Count : 16
UART: Firmware Base : 0xa0000000
UART: Firmware Size : 76 KB
UART: Runtime SBI Version : 0.2
UART:
UART: MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222
UART: MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109
UART: PMP0 : 0x00000000a0000000-0x00000000a001ffff (A)
UART: PMP1 : 0x0000000000000000-0x01ffffffffffffff (A,R,W,X)
UART: [ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0xa0000000 - 0xa0200000
UART: [ 0.000000] Linux version 5.7.0-13090-gad29b1fc8e7b (hqfang@softserver) (riscv-nuclei-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 9.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.32) #2 Fri Nov 13 08:26:51 CST 2020
UART: [ 0.000000] initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
UART: [ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
UART: [ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x00000000a0200000-0x00000000afffffff]
UART: [ 0.000000] Normal empty
UART: [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
UART: [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
UART: [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000a0200000-0x00000000afffffff]
UART: [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x00000000a0200000-0x00000000afffffff]
UART: [ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0xabc7c000-0xafc7c000] (64MB)
UART: [ 0.000000] SBI specification v0.2 detected
UART: [ 0.000000] SBI implementation ID=0x1 Version=0x7
UART: [ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 TIME extension detected
UART: [ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 IPI extension detected
UART: [ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 RFENCE extension detected
UART: [ 0.000000] riscv: ISA extensions acim
UART: [ 0.000000] riscv: ELF capabilities acim
UART: [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 64135
UART: [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: earlycon=sbi
UART: [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
UART: [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
UART: [ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
UART: [ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
UART: [ 0.000000] Memory: 175380K/260096K available (2367K kernel code, 3952K rwdata, 2048K rodata, 4828K init, 256K bss, 84716K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
UART: [ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
UART: [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 0, nr_irqs: 0, preallocated irqs: 0
UART: [ 0.000000] plic: interrupt-controller@8000000: mapped 53 interrupts with 1 handlers for 2 contexts.
UART: [ 0.000000] riscv_timer_init_dt: Registering clocksource cpuid [0] hartid [0]
UART: [ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1ef4687b1, max_idle_ns: 112843571739654 ns
UART: [ 0.004882] sched_clock: 64 bits at 32kHz, resolution 30517ns, wraps every 70368744171142ns
UART: [ 2.232910] printk: console [hvc0] enabled
UART: [ 2.299499] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 0.06 BogoMIPS (lpj=327)
UART: [ 2.419158] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
UART: [ 2.592407] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
UART: [ 2.685089] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
UART: [ 3.433776] devtmpfs: initialized
UART: [ 4.037109] random: get_random_bytes called from 0xffffffe0007986f6 with crng_init=0
UART: [ 4.199005] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
UART: [ 4.319458] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
UART: [ 4.566192] NET: Registered protocol family 16
UART: [ 7.578186] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
UART: [ 8.311279] NET: Registered protocol family 2
UART: [ 8.969116] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
UART: [ 9.097991] TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
UART: [ 9.263671] TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
UART: [ 9.404418] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
UART: [ 9.538055] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
UART: [ 9.647613] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
UART: [ 9.863586] NET: Registered protocol family 1
UART: [ 10.131774] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
UART: [ 10.214752] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
UART: [ 10.282531] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
UART: [ 10.349243] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
UART: [ 36.886138] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=16 bucket_order=0
UART: [ 42.545227] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
UART: [ 42.612731] io scheduler kyber registered
UART: [ 74.874664] brd: module loaded
UART: [ 78.885070] loop: module loaded
UART: [ 79.486114] NET: Registered protocol family 17
UART: [ 82.232482] Freeing unused kernel memory: 4828K
UART: [ 82.325958] Run /init as init process
UART: Starting syslogd: OK
UART: Starting klogd: OK
UART: Running sysctl: OK
UART: Starting mdev... OK
UART: modprobe: can't change directory to '/lib/modules': No such file or directory
UART: Saving random seed: [ 569.876708] random: dd: uninitialized urandom read (512 bytes read)
UART: OK
UART:
UART: Welcome to Nuclei System Techology
nucleisys login: root
root
UART: Password: nuclei
UART:
UART: Login timed out after 60 seconds
UART:
UART: Welcome to Nuclei System Techology
nucleisys login:
If you want to remove the login, and directly enter to bash, please check Known issues.
Contact with our sales via email contact@nucleisys.com to get FPGA bitstream for Nuclei UX600 SoC MCS and get guidance about how to program FPGA bitstream in the board.
You can build different version of freeloader on your demand.
In this version, freeloader is a first stage bootloader which contains opensbi, uboot, kernel, rootfs and dtb binaries, when bootup, it will enable I/D cache and load opensbi, uboot, kernel, rootfs and dtb from onboard norflash to DDR, and then goto entry of opensbi.
To build freeloader, you just need to run make freeloader
- For this special version, no need to prepare the sdcard boot image, just
make freeloaderwill be enough.- If you have run
make freeloader4mcommand before, and want to switch back to normal size of rootfs, please runmake cleanfirst to clean the workspace.
If you want to build a freeloader which can be loaded to 4M Flash, you can run make freeloader4m
to achieve it, but when you want to switch back to normal configuration, you will need to clean this
workspace first via make clean.
NOTICE:
For this specical 4MB version, the rootfs size is optimized down by removing all files in lib folder, and change the busybox in buildroot from dynamic version to static version, and login is disabled directly.
First run of
make freeloader4mwill do the rootfs optimization for you, then if you runmake freeloader, it will still generate the 4MB version freeloader for you, unless you clean buildroot or all the workspace.If you changed buildroot configuration or kernel configuration, the freeloader size might increase, and bigger than 4MB, please take care.
Since the lib in rootfs are deleted, so your application dynamic linked will not be able to run, please generate static linked version, or you can use the normal version.
For more details about how this 4MB freeloader is built, please directly look into the Makefile in this project.
If you have connected your board to your Linux development environment, and setuped JTAG drivers,
then you can run make upload_freeloader to upload the freeloader/freeloader.elf to your board.
You can also use riscv-nuclei-elf-gdb and openocd to download this program by yourself.
No need to do the Build SDCard Boot Images steps for run linux directly from MCU flash. In this version,
make freeloaderormake freeloader4mwill generate boot images for you, you can also use this boot images with your old freeloader(contains freeloader, uboot and dtb only).
If you have run make sim command before, please make sure you run make preboot to prepare
build environment for generate boot images.
If the freeloader is flashed to the board, then you can prepare the SDCard boot materials,
you can run make bootimages to generate the boot images to work/boot, and an zip file
called work/boot.zip , you can extract this boot.zip to your SDCard or copy all the files
located in work/boot/, make sure the files need to be put right in the root of SDCard,
then you can insert this SDCard to your SDCard slot(J57) beside the TFT LCD.
The contents of work/boot or work/boot.zip are as below:
SDCard is recommended to use SDHC format. SDCard need to be formatted to
FAT32format, with only 1 partition.
When all above is done, you can reset the power on board, then opensbi will boot uboot, and uboot will automatically load linux image and initramfs from SDCard and boot linux if everything is prepared correctly.
If you met with issues, please check the Known issues.
The linux login user name and password is root and nuclei.
Sample output in UART @ 57600bps, Data 8bit, Parity None, Stop Bits 1bit, No Flow Control.
OpenSBI v0.7-81-g4378320
____ _____ ____ _____
/ __ \ / ____| _ \_ _|
| | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
| | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | |
| |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
\____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
| |
|_|
Platform Name : Nuclei UX600
Platform Features : timer,mfdeleg
Platform HART Count : 1
Boot HART ID : 0
Boot HART ISA : rv64imafdcpsu
BOOT HART Features : pmp,scounteren,mcounteren,time
BOOT HART PMP Count : 16
Firmware Base : 0xa0000000
Firmware Size : 76 KB
Runtime SBI Version : 0.2
MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222
MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109
PMP0 : 0x00000000a0000000-0x00000000a001ffff (A)
PMP1 : 0x0000000000000000-0x0000007fffffffff (A,R,W,X)
U-Boot 2020.07-rc2-g89856aea41 (Nov 12 2020 - 16:47:47 +0800)
CPU: rv64imac
Model: nuclei,ux600
DRAM: 256 MiB
Board: Initialized
MMC: spi@10034000:mmc@0: 0
In: console
Out: console
Err: console
Net: No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
switch to partitions #0, OK
mmc0 is current device
Scanning mmc 0:1...
Found U-Boot script /boot.scr
345 bytes read in 183 ms (1000 Bytes/s)
## Executing script at a8100000
Loading kernel
2342307 bytes read in 47356 ms (47.9 KiB/s)
Loading ramdisk
3050290 bytes read in 66327 ms (43.9 KiB/s)
Loading dtb
2594 bytes read in 246 ms (9.8 KiB/s)
Starts booting from SD
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at a1000000 ...
Image Name: Linux
Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (lz4 compressed)
Data Size: 2342243 Bytes = 2.2 MiB
Load Address: a0200000
Entry Point: a0200000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
## Loading init Ramdisk from Legacy Image at a8300000 ...
Image Name: Initrd
Image Type: RISC-V Linux RAMDisk Image (lz4 compressed)
Data Size: 3050226 Bytes = 2.9 MiB
Load Address: 00000000
Entry Point: 00000000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
## Flattened Device Tree blob at a8000000
Booting using the fdt blob at 0xa8000000
Uncompressing Kernel Image
Using Device Tree in place at 00000000a8000000, end 00000000a8003a21
Starting kernel ...
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0xa0000000 - 0xa0200000
[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.7.0-13090-gad29b1fc8e7b (hqfang@softserver) (riscv-nuclei-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 9.2.0, GNUld (GNU Binutils) 2.32) #1 Thu Nov 12 16:48:53 CST 2020
[ 0.000000] Initial ramdisk at: 0x(____ptrval____) (3050226 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x00000000a0200000-0x00000000afffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000a0200000-0x00000000afffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x00000000a0200000-0x00000000afffffff]
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0xabc7b000-0xafc7b000] (64MB)
[ 0.000000] SBI specification v0.2 detected
[ 0.000000] SBI implementation ID=0x1 Version=0x7
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 TIME extension detected
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 IPI extension detected
[ 0.000000] SBI v0.2 RFENCE extension detected
[ 0.000000] riscv: ISA extensions acim
[ 0.000000] riscv: ELF capabilities acim
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 64135
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: earlycon=sbi
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[ 0.000000] Memory: 176484K/260096K available (2367K kernel code, 3952K rwdata, 2048K rodata, 120K init, 256K bss, 8612K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 0, nr_irqs: 0, preallocated irqs: 0
[ 0.000000] plic: interrupt-controller@8000000: mapped 53 interrupts with 1 handlers for 2 contexts.
[ 0.000000] riscv_timer_init_dt: Registering clocksource cpuid [0] hartid [0]
[ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1ef4687b1, max_idle_ns: 11284357139654 ns
[ 0.000823] sched_clock: 64 bits at 32kHz, resolution 30517ns, wraps every 70368744171142ns
[ 0.396606] printk: console [hvc0] enabled
[ 0.408233] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 0.06 BogoMIPS (lpj=327)
[ 0.430267] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.457611] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.474884] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.656402] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.787231] random: get_random_bytes called from 0xffffffe0003986f6 with crng_init=0
[ 0.817260] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[ 0.839416] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.890563] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 1.561798] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
[ 1.713897] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 1.800231] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 1.821807] TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 1.846954] TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 1.868469] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
[ 1.907226] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 1.926025] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 1.965087] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 2.033599] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[ 2.047149] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[ 2.057891] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[ 2.068634] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[ 2.114135] Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...
[ 18.149230] Freeing initrd memory: 2972K
[ 18.216583] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=16 bucket_order=0
[ 18.951324] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 18.963897] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 26.308074] brd: module loaded
[ 27.339141] loop: module loaded
[ 27.376373] sifive_spi 10014000.spi: mapped; irq=1, cs=1
[ 27.456451] sifive_spi 10034000.spi: mapped; irq=2, cs=1
[ 27.604431] mmc_spi spi1.0: SD/MMC host mmc0, no DMA, no WP, no poweroff
[ 27.665435] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 27.810760] Freeing unused kernel memory: 120K
[ 27.896179] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable
[ 27.915374] mmc0: new SDHC card on SPI
[ 27.954162] Run /init as init process
[ 28.095581] mmcblk0: mmc0:0000 SA08G 7.21 GiB
[ 28.690429] mmcblk0: p1
Starting syslogd: OK
Starting klogd: OK
Running sysctl: OK
Starting mdev... OK
modprobe: can't change directory to '/lib/modules': No such file or directory
Saving random seed: [ 146.098083] random: dd: uninitialized urandom read (512 bytes read)
OK
Welcome to Nuclei System Techology
nucleisys login: root
Password:
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
hart : 0
isa : rv64imac
mmu : sv39
# uname -a
Linux nucleisys 5.7.0-13090-gad29b1fc8e7b #1 Thu Nov 12 16:48:53 CST 2020 riscv64 GNU/Linux
# ls /
bin init linuxrc opt run tmp
dev lib media proc sbin usr
etc lib64 mnt root sys var
You can run make help to show quick help message about how to use this linux sdk.
For detailed usage about components like buildroot, linux kernel, opensbi or uboot, please
check Reference.
You can customize buildroot packages to add or remove package in buildroot using command:
make buildroot_initramfs-menuconfig
The new configuration will be saved to conf/ folder, for when a full rebuild of buildroot
is necessary, please check this link.
By default, we add many packages in buildroot default configuration, you can remove the packages you dont need in configuration to generate smaller rootfs, a full rebuild of SDK is required for removing buildroot package.
You can customize linux kernel configuration using command make linux-menuconfig, the new configuration will be saved to conf folder
You can remove generated boot images using command make cleanboot.
If you want to do application development in Linux with Hummingbird FPGA evaluation board, please follow these steps.
Currently, SDCard is not working in Linux, so if you want to put your own application, and run it in linux, you have to add your application into rootfs and rebuild it, and use the newly generated boot images, and put it into SDCard.
For example, I would like to compile new dhrystone application and run it in linux.
Make sure you have built boot images, using make bootimages
Copy the old dhrystone source code from work/buildroot_initramfs/build/dhrystone-2 to
work/buildroot_initramfs/build/dhrystone-3
cd to work/buildroot_initramfs/build/dhrystone-3, and modify Makefile as below:
# Make sure you use the compiler in this path below
CC = ../../host/bin/riscv-nuclei-linux-gnu-gcc
CPPFLAGS += -DNO_PROTOTYPES=1 -DHZ=100
# Customized optimization options
CFLAGS += -O2 -flto -funroll-all-loops -finline-limit=600 \
-ftree-dominator-opts -fno-if-conversion2 -fselective-scheduling \
-fno-code-hoisting -fno-common -funroll-loops -finline-functions \
-falign-functions=4 -falign-jumps=4 -falign-loops=4
LDLIBS += -lm
all: dhrystone
dhrystone: dhry_1.o dhry_2.o
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LDLIBS)
clean:
rm -f *.o dhrystone
.PHONY: all clean
Run make clean all to rebuild this dhrystone
Copy generated dhrystone to previous generated buildroot_initramfs_sysroot folder, using
command cp dhrystone ../../../buildroot_initramfs_sysroot/usr/bin/dhrystone_opt
cd to Nuclei linux SDK root, and run make preboot to clean previously generated boot images.
Generate new boot images with dhrystone_opt application added using command make bootimages
Download the generated work/boot.zip and extract it right under the SDCard root.
If you have already flashed freeloader using openocd, then just insert the SDCard, and reboot the
board, when board is power on, and linux kernel is up, you can run the application dhrystone_opt in
linux shell.
In the lastest commits since 079414d, sdcard can be initialized successfully during kernel boot.
Sample console output of kernel init message for sdcard ready.
[ 124.646575] mmcblk0: mmc0:0000 SA08G 7.21 GiB
[ 125.242645] mmcblk0: p1
Note: Currently the sdcard driver is using polling mode as temporary workaround.
When you have login the linux system, you can run command below to check whether sdcard is initialized successfully.
# ls -l /dev/mmc*
brw-rw---- 1 root root 179, 0 Jan 1 00:04 /dev/mmcblk0
brw-rw---- 1 root root 179, 1 Jan 1 00:04 /dev/mmcblk0p1
If there are /dev/mmcblk0p1 devices, then you can mount sdcard in mnt directory using command:
# Mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 into /mnt
mount -t vfat /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt
# Check whether sdcard is mounted successfully
ls -l /mnt
If you want to put your prebuilt applications into SDCard, you need to unmount
the sdcard first using umount /mnt, and then eject the sdcard from the tf slot, and then insert the sdcard to sdcard reader and connect to your PC, and copy your prebuilt applications into SDCard.
When your applications are placed into the sdcard correctly, then you can insert your card into tf slot, and mount it into /mnt directory.
For example, if you have an application called coremark, then you can directly run it using /mnt/coremark.
The monitor (OpenSBI) and Linux in this branch will initialize the Penglai related environment by default.
The Penglai User SDK and demos are located in penglai-sdk/.
Currently it's still standalone and will not be compiled automatically.
Following the instructions to build the prime enclave demo and put it into the image:
Build the demo and generate boot images:
For this branch, when boot images are built, the penglai sdk is also
built and demos are copied to work/buildroot_initramfs_sysroot/root.
# In the root dir of the project
# generate freeloader, freeloader need to be replaced
make freeloader
# generate bootimages
make bootimages
Now boot with the newly created image, and put the generated
boot files located in work/boot/ to SDCard root.
# In the root dir of the project
make upload_freeloader
When uboot is up, then press any key in uart terminal to stop auto boot,
and type command run distro_bootcmd to boot linux from sdcard.
You will be able to see following output:
MMC: spi@10034000:mmc@0: 0
In: console
Out: console
Err: console
Net: No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
=> mmcinfo
Device: spi@10034000:mmc@0
Manufacturer ID: 2
OEM: 544d
Name: SA08G
Bus Speed: 20000000
Mode: MMC legacy
Rd Block Len: 512
SD version 2.0
High Capacity: Yes
Capacity: 7.2 GiB
Bus Width: 1-bit
Erase Group Size: 512 Bytes
=> run distro_bootcmd
switch to partitions #0, OK
mmc0 is current device
Scanning mmc 0:1...
Found U-Boot script /boot.scr
345 bytes read in 187 ms (1000 Bytes/s)
## Executing script at a8100000
Loading kernel
3052821 bytes read in 63961 ms (45.9 KiB/s)
Loading ramdisk
In the booted shell, you should see host and prime in /root/.
Run demo:
To ensure the Penglai Enclave is properly initialized, you can type in booted riscv linux:
ls /dev/penglai_enclave_dev
In your booted shell, and you should see the device, then you can run penglai demo code.
# command run in UART terminal when riscv linux is logged in
cd root
# In /root
./host prime
You should see results like
...ignored logs...
M mode: exit_enclave: retval of enclave is 2
which is the expected result of the demo.
To learn more about Penglai, please refer information in Penglai github.
You can run make help for quick usage of this Nuclei Linux SDK.
For our current development demo SoC, we used the following resources:
To basically port this SDK to match your target, you need at least to change the following files:
This repo is based on opensource repo https://github.com/sifive/freedom-u-sdk/tree/archive/buildroot
For UX600, if you run simulation using xl_spike, it can run to login prompt, but when you login, it will show timeout issue, this is caused by xl_spike timer is not standard type, but the boot images for FPGA board can boot successfully and works well.
If you want to execute using xl_spike without the login, you can edit the work/buildroot_initramfs_sysroot/etc/inittab file(started from # now run any rc scripts) as below, and save it:
# now run any rc scripts
#::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
# Put a getty on the serial port
#console::respawn:/sbin/getty -L console 0 vt100 # GENERIC_SERIAL
::respawn:-/bin/sh
And then type make presim and make sim to run linux in xl_spike, you will be able to get following output in final:
## a lot of boot message are reduced here ##
UART: [ 246.974853] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
UART: [ 247.057922] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
UART: [ 247.447723] NET: Registered protocol family 17
UART: [ 266.205169] Freeing unused kernel memory: 36052K
UART: [ 266.314117] Run /init as init process
UART: # ls
ls
UART: bin init linuxrc opt run tmp
UART: dev lib media proc sbin usr
UART: etc lib64 mnt root sys var
UART: # cat /proc/cpuinfo
cat /proc/cpuinfo
UART: processor : 0
UART: hart : 0
UART: isa : rv64imac
UART: mmu : sv39
UART:
For UX600FD, if you run simulation using xl_spike, it can only run to init process, then it will enter to kernel panic, but the generated boot images works for FPGA board.
For some SDCard format, it might not be supported, please check your SDCard is SDHC format.
If you can't boot with the sdcard boot images, you can run the following commands in uboot to check whether sdcard is recognized.
Type mmcinfo to check whether sdcard is recognized? If no output, please re-insert the sdcard, and try
this command again, if still not working, please confirm that the MCS is correct or not?
U-Boot 2020.07-rc2-g89856aea41 (Aug 05 2020 - 21:18:04 +0800)
CPU: rv64imac
Model: nuclei,ux600
DRAM: 256 MiB
Board: Initialized
MMC: spi@10034000:mmc@0: 0
In: console
Out: console
Err: console
Net: No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
=> mmcinfo
Device: spi@10034000:mmc@0
Manufacturer ID: 2
OEM: 544d
Name: SA08G
Bus Speed: 20000000
Mode: MMC legacy
Rd Block Len: 512
SD version 2.0
High Capacity: Yes
Capacity: 7.2 GiB
Bus Width: 1-bit
Erase Group Size: 512 Bytes
If SDCard is recognized correctly, please type fatls mmc 0, and check whether the following files
are listed as below, if you can get the following files in your sdcard, please reformat your sdcard to Fat32 format, and copy the generated files in work/boot/ to the root of sdcard, and re-insert the
sdcard to SD slot, and retry from step 1.
Note: Please make sure your SDCard is safely injected in your OS, and SDCard is formated to Fat32.
=> fatls mmc 0
2594 kernel.dtb # device tree binary file
345 boot.scr # boot script used by uboot, generated from ./conf/uboot.cmd
3052821 uImage.lz4 # lz4 archived kernel image
19155960 uInitrd.lz4 # lz4 archived rootfs image
4 file(s), 0 dir(s)
If the above steps are all correct, then you can run boot command to boot linux, or type commands
located in ./conf/uboot.cmd.
The linux kernel and rootfs size is too big, is there any way to reduce it to speed up boot speed?
If you are familiar with linux and buildroot configuration files, you can directly modify the configuration
files located in conf folder.
If you modified this files directly and want to take effects, you need to make clean first, and regenerate
boot images.
You can also try make buildroot_initramfs-menuconfig to get a terminal menuconfig to configure the buildroot
packages.
You can also try make linux-menuconfig to get a menuconfig to configure the linux kernel.
Other possible ways to reduce generated rootfs image size.
If you are familiar with the generated rootfs files located in work/buildroot_initramfs_sysroot, you can
manually remove the files you think it is not used, and type make cleanboot and then make bootimages,
you can check the size information generated by the command.
The best way to learn this project is taking a look at the Makefile of this project to learn about what is really done in each make target.
Download freeloader/freeloader.elf using Nuclei SDK.
If you don't want to build the nuclei sdk, you can also download the boot images generated by github action.
For example, for dev_nuclei branch, you can find the previous built artifacts in https://github.com/Nuclei-Software/nuclei-linux-sdk/actions/runs/358740696.
Then you can extra the downloaded bootimages_ux600.zip and extract freeloader/freeloader.elf to your disk,
such as D:/freeloader.elf.
Make sure you have followed steps to setup nuclei sdk
development environment, then you can follow steps below to download this D:/freeloader.elf.
D:\workspace\Sourcecode\nuclei-sdk>setup.bat
Setup Nuclei SDK Tool Environment
NUCLEI_TOOL_ROOT=D:\Software\NucleiStudio_IDE_202009\NucleiStudio\toolchain
D:\workspace\Sourcecode\nuclei-sdk>make clean
make -C application/baremetal/helloworld clean
make[1]: Entering directory 'D:/workspace/Sourcecode/nuclei-sdk/application/baremetal/helloworld'
"Clean all build objects"
make[1]: Leaving directory 'D:/workspace/Sourcecode/nuclei-sdk/application/baremetal/helloworld'
D:\workspace\Sourcecode\nuclei-sdk>make CORE=ux600 debug
make -C application/baremetal/helloworld debug
make[1]: Entering directory 'D:/workspace/Sourcecode/nuclei-sdk/application/baremetal/helloworld'
.... ....
"Compiling : " ../../../SoC/hbird/Common/Source/system_hbird.c
"Compiling : " main.c
"Linking : " helloworld.elf
text data bss dec hex filename
8328 224 2492 11044 2b24 helloworld.elf
"Download and debug helloworld.elf"
riscv-nuclei-elf-gdb helloworld.elf -ex "set remotetimeout 240" \
-ex "target remote | openocd --pipe -f ../../../SoC/hbird/Board/hbird_eval/openocd_hbird.cfg"
D:\Software\NucleiStudio_IDE_202009\NucleiStudio\toolchain\gcc\bin\riscv-nuclei-elf-gdb.exe: warning: Couldn't determine a path for the index cache directory.
GNU gdb (GDB) 8.3.0.20190516-git
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "--host=i686-w64-mingw32 --target=riscv-nuclei-elf".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from helloworld.elf...
Remote debugging using | openocd --pipe -f ../../../SoC/hbird/Board/hbird_eval/openocd_hbird.cfg
Nuclei OpenOCD, 64-bit Open On-Chip Debugger 0.10.0+dev-00020-g7701266e6-dirty (2020-09-22-07:31)
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
--Type <RET> for more, q to quit, c to continue without paging--
0x00000000a0005aea in ?? ()
(gdb) monitor reset halt
JTAG tap: riscv.cpu tap/device found: 0x12050a6d (mfg: 0x536 (Nuclei System Technology Co.,Ltd.), part: 0x2050, ver: 0x1)
(gdb) load D:/freeloader.elf
Loading section .text, size 0x831e0 lma 0x20000000
Loading section .interp, size 0x20 lma 0x200831e0
Loading section .dynsym, size 0x18 lma 0x20083200
Loading section .dynstr, size 0xb lma 0x20083218
Loading section .hash, size 0x10 lma 0x20083228
Loading section .gnu.hash, size 0x1c lma 0x20083238
Loading section .dynamic, size 0x110 lma 0x20083258
Loading section .got, size 0x8 lma 0x20083368
Start address 0x20000000, load size 537447
Transfer rate: 22 KB/sec, 13108 bytes/write.
(gdb) q
A debugging session is active.
Inferior 1 [Remote target] will be detached.
Quit anyway? (y or n) y
Detaching from program: D:\workspace\Sourcecode\nuclei-sdk\application\baremetal\helloworld\helloworld.elf, Remote target
Ending remote debugging.
[Inferior 1 (Remote target) detached]
make[1]: Leaving directory 'D:/workspace/Sourcecode/nuclei-sdk/application/baremetal/helloworld'
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